The document discusses the influence of the brain on human development and behavior. It notes that the human brain is larger and more developed than our ancestors, allowing for increased cognitive abilities. Key points include:
- The human brain continues developing into our 20s, influencing behaviors like risk-taking in adolescence.
- Brain development occurs in an underdeveloped state in humans, allowing us to adapt to various environments.
- The brain can be divided into the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, with the forebrain responsible for higher cognitive functions.
- The cerebrum is divided into left and right hemispheres that process information differently.
the structure of human brain is being discribed.
Its bout the explaination of how human brain works and all the eesnsial substances include in it that are simpkly defoned and
very important if someone nb
to be .
This ppt describes the structure of the Brain. It explains the brain and its parts as the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. It also describes various parts inside these 3 main parts of the brain.
the structure of human brain is being discribed.
Its bout the explaination of how human brain works and all the eesnsial substances include in it that are simpkly defoned and
very important if someone nb
to be .
This ppt describes the structure of the Brain. It explains the brain and its parts as the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. It also describes various parts inside these 3 main parts of the brain.
Psychobiologist study the evolutionary and physiological mechanisms that are responsible for human behavior and try to understand how the brain functions in order to understand why humans behave the way we do.
Nervous system consists of highly complex structure co-ordinates and controls the body along with the endocrine system.
Here we discussed about some important outlines concerned of psychobiology which is coming under unit 2 of syllabus of clinical speciality - mental health nursing.
The key points are,
- The anatomic review
- Brain & limbic system
- Nerve tissue-> Neurons & Neuroglia, Synapses, Synaptic cleft
- Neurotransmitters
- Autonomic nervous system, - sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
Apart from these, its relation with different psychiatric disorders are also explained in brief.
The nervous system is the body's main communication system; it gathers, synthesizes, and uses data from the environment. The most basic unit of the nervous system is the neuron, which serves as both a sensor and communicator of internal and external stimuli.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Psychobiologist study the evolutionary and physiological mechanisms that are responsible for human behavior and try to understand how the brain functions in order to understand why humans behave the way we do.
Nervous system consists of highly complex structure co-ordinates and controls the body along with the endocrine system.
Here we discussed about some important outlines concerned of psychobiology which is coming under unit 2 of syllabus of clinical speciality - mental health nursing.
The key points are,
- The anatomic review
- Brain & limbic system
- Nerve tissue-> Neurons & Neuroglia, Synapses, Synaptic cleft
- Neurotransmitters
- Autonomic nervous system, - sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
Apart from these, its relation with different psychiatric disorders are also explained in brief.
The nervous system is the body's main communication system; it gathers, synthesizes, and uses data from the environment. The most basic unit of the nervous system is the neuron, which serves as both a sensor and communicator of internal and external stimuli.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
1. INFLUENCE OF THE BRAIN ON HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOUR
UNIT3: LEARNERS’ CHARACTERISTICS AND DEVELOPMENT
PSMA211CO2- PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT
2. INTRODUCTION
• In this world, there are millions of different species of organisms
differing in a variety of ways.
• Biologists believe that these species were not always like this; they
have evolved to their present form from their pre-existing forms.
• It is estimated that the characteristics of modern human beings
developed some 2,00,000 years ago as a result of their continuous
interaction with the environment.
3. • Evolutionary changes resulted in the formation
of modern brain.
• Three important features of modern human
beings differentiate them from their ancestors:
• (i) a bigger and more developed brain with
increased capacity for cognitive behaviors like
perception, memory, reasoning, problem-
solving, and use of language for communication.
• (ii) ability to walk upright on two legs.
• (iii) a free hand with a workable opposing
thumb.
4. • Our behaviors are highly complex and more developed than those of other
species because we have got a large and highly developed brain.
• Human brain development is evidenced by two facts.
• Firstly, the weight of the brain is about 2.35 percent of the total body weight,
and it is the highest among all species (in elephants it is 0.2 percent).
• Secondly, the human cerebrum is more evolved than other parts of the brain
5. Why can’t humans stand or walk after they are born when compared with other
animals?
• It is because of the difference in their brain development.
• In other animals brain development is faster and is made possible as it is a
pre-planned process.
• In humans the brain is developed in an underdeveloped state. The human
brains are developed according to their environmental conditions.
• This helps humans to survive in any environmental conditions.
• Eg: Camels can only live in deserts and polar bears can live only in polar
regions. While humans can live in any of these conditions.
6. • Infancy to Childhood the child does not have a feeling of guilt in doing any
activities because of their developing brain condition.
• The brain attains its development after 25 year-long processes.
• During the adolescent stage the brain’s important neural connections take
place as a result of the brain attaining self-consciousness the child gets a
thought of himself which results in shyness.
• At this period the developmental changes in the Nucleus Accumbens results
in the individual having a desire of attaining rewards. This is the reason
individuals takes risk.
• But the underdeveloped state of the Orbitofrontal Cortex is the lack of
decision-making, focus, and future consequences prediction.
7. • The brain attains development also there is a chance of changes can take
place this condition is termed Neuroplasticity.
• Ability of the nervous system to change its activity in response to intrinsic or
extrinsic stimuli by reorganizing its structure, functions, or connections.
• BIOPSYCHOLOGY - The area of psychology that seeks to understand how
the brain affects behavior is known as Biopsychology.
8. Structure of Brain
• Brain can be divided into three parts: The Hindbrain,
Midbrain, and Forebrain
• Hindbrain: This part of the brain consists of the
following structures:
▪ Medulla Oblongata, Pons, Cerebellum
• Forebrain: This part of the brain consists of ;
▪ Hypothalamus, Thalamus, Limbic system, and
Cerebrum.
9. Hindbrain
This part of the brain consists of the following
structures:
Medulla Oblongata, Pons, and Cerebellum
➢ Medulla Oblongata
• It is the lowest part of the brain that exists in
continuation of the spinal
cord.
• It contains neural centers, which regulate basic life-
supporting activities like
breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
• Medulla is known as the vital center of the brain.
• It has some centers for autonomic activities also.
10. ➢ Pons
• It is connected with medulla on one side and with the
midbrain on the other.
• A nucleus (neural center) of pons receives auditory signals
relayed by our ears.
• It is believed that pons is involved in the sleep mechanism,
particularly the sleep characterized by dreaming.
• It contains nuclei affecting respiratory movement and
facial expressions also.
11. ➢ Cerebellum
• It is the highly developed part of the hindbrain.
• It maintains and controls posture and equilibrium of
the body.
• Its main function is the coordination of muscular
movements, though the motor commands originate in
the forebrain, the cerebellum receives and coordinates
them to relay to the muscles.
• It also stores the memory of movement patterns so
that we do not have to concentrate on how to walk,
dance, or ride a bicycle.
12. Midbrain
• The midbrain is relatively small in size and it
connects the hindbrain with the forebrain.
• A few neural centers related to some special
reflexes and visual and auditory sensations are
found here.
• An important part of the midbrain, known as the
Reticular Activating System (RAS), is
responsible for our arousal.
• It makes us alert and active by regulating sensory
inputs.
• It also helps us in selecting information from the
environment.
13. Forebrain
❑ It is considered to be the most important
part of the brain because it performs all
cognitive, emotional, and motor
activities.
❑ The four major parts of the forebrain are
the hypothalamus, thalamus, limbic
system, and cerebrum.
14. ➢ Hypothalamus
• The hypothalamus is one of the smallest
structures in the brain but plays a vital role in our
behavior.
• It regulates physiological processes involved in
emotional and motivational behavior, such as
eating, drinking, sleeping, temperature regulation,
and sexual arousal.
• It also regulates and controls the internal
environment of the body (e.g., heart rate, blood
pressure, temperature) and regulates the secretion
of hormones from various endocrine glands.
15. ➢ Thalamus
• It consists of an egg-shaped cluster of
neurons situated on the ventral (upper)
side of the hypothalamus.
• It is like a relay station that receives all
incoming sensory signals from sense
organs and sends them to appropriate
parts of the cortex for processing.
• It also receives all outgoing motor
signals coming from the cortex and sends
them to appropriate parts of the body.
16. ➢ The Limbic System
• This system is composed of a group of structures
that form part of the old mammalian brain.
• It helps in maintaining internal homeostasis by
regulating body temperature, blood pressure, and
blood sugar level.
• It has close links with the hypothalamus. Besides
the hypothalamus, the limbic system comprises
the Hippocampus and Amygdala.
• The hippocampus plays an important role in long-
term memory.
• The amygdala plays an important role in
emotional behavior.
17. ➢ Cerebrum
➢It is also known as Cerebral Cortex, this
part regulates all higher levels of
cognitive functions, such as attention,
perception, learning, memory, language
behavior, reasoning, and problem-solving.
➢The cerebrum is divided into two
symmetrical halves, called the Cerebral
hemisphere.
➢Although the two hemispheres appear
identical, functionally one hemisphere
usually dominates the other.
18. ➢ The right cerebral hemisphere
processes the information in a
holistic way, all the attributes
of the stimulus are
understood comprehensively
and simultaneously,
regardless of the time course.
➢ The left cerebral hemisphere
processes the information in
an analytical way
(sequential), on the path of
perception of the next
elements, whereas the
systematization of the
material is strictly dependent
on the passage of time
19. Features of the Right Hemisphere
➢ receives spoken and spoken words;
➢ controls the reading direction;
➢ manages the statement based on prosodic
features;
➢ understands the context of speech;
➢ guides orientation processes to new stimuli;
➢ identifies stimuli based on physical
similarity;
➢ processes spatial information, including
identifying faces;
20. ➢ receives and stores music and mathematical
information;
➢ recognizes geometrical figures and basic
characteristics of stimuli;
➢ receives stimuli containing an emotional
charge;
➢ understands facial expressions and
regulates the emotional expression of the
face;
➢ distinguishes gestures expressing emotions;
➢ classifies emotional information in relation
to social communication.
21. Features of the Left Hemisphere
➢ receives, recognizes, and
differentiates speech sounds;
➢ performs a number of verbal
operations in relation to the activity
of the frontal cortex;
➢ controls analytic and relational
functions;
➢ processes information sequentially;
➢ receives and stores known stimuli;
➢ identifies stimuli using logic
compounds;
22. ➢ compares the stimulus to the
principle of determining the
relationship between them;
➢ records the elapsed time;
➢ organizes memory in relation
to general knowledge about
the world;
➢ concentrates attention
23. Frontal lobe
o planning and execution of any
movements
o eye movements
o Thinking, concentration,
information processing, matching
facts, drawing conclusions and
making decisions;
The cerebral hemispheres are divided into four lobes.
The frontal lobe, Temporal lobe, Parietal lobe, Occipital lobe
24. o speech expression;
o responsibility for learned memory
o control and evaluation of emotions
o assessment of social situations and
adjustment of their behavior to them
o anticipating the consequences of
your actions
o having pleasure in satisfying the
drives
o feeling anxious and frustrated.
25. Temporal lobe
o speech control
o responsibility for verbal memory
and remembering
o object recognition
o reception of sound impressions
o odor analysis.
26. Parietal lobe
o The feeling of touch, temperature, pain
o The concentration of sensory impressions
o Spatial orientation
o Coordination of finger movements
o Linking movement and vision to the same
impression
o Space and movement coordination
o Understanding of symbolic language,
abstract and geometric concepts.
27. Occipital lobe
o Analysis of color, motion, shape, and
depth
o Vision and visual associations
o Sensation assessment
o Interpretation and classification of
impressions.
28. Conclusion
o Brain can be divided into three parts: The Hindbrain, Midbrain, and
Forebrain
o Forebrain consist of the hypothalamus, thalamus, limbic system, and
cerebrum.
o The cerebrum is divided into two symmetrical halves, called the
Cerebral hemispheres, the right cerebral hemisphere and the left
cerebral hemisphere.
o right cerebral hemisphere processes the information in a holistic way.
o left cerebral hemisphere processes the information in an analytical way.
29.
30. 1. The area of psychology that seeks to understand how the brain affects
behavior is known as?
a)Ecopsychology b) Social psychology
c) Biopsychology d) Abnormal Psychology
2. Which lobe is most closely associated with visual processing?
a) Frontal b) temporal
c) Parietal d) occipital
31. 3. Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the brain?
a) Frontal b) dorsal
c) Parietal d) temporal
4. Which area of the brainstem controls heart rate and breathing?
a) reticular formation b) medulla
c) Pons d) hypothalamus
32. 5. The 'cerebral cortex' is divided into
a) One hemisphere b) Two hemisphere
c) Three hemispheres d) Four hemispheres
6. Which of the following is NOT part of the limbic system
a) Amygdala b) Hippocampus
c) Hypothalamus d) Cerebellum
33. 7. Which area of the brain is responsible for motor control and coordination?
a) Thalamus b) Amygdala
c) Hypothalamus d) Cerebellum
8. At which age does brain attains its development?
a) 21 b) 26
c) 25 d) 18
34. 9. Which lobe involves in the Analysis of color, motion, shape, and depth?
a) Frontal lobe b) Temporal lobe
c) Parietal lobe d) Occipital lobe
10. Which lobe initiates the feeling of touch, temperature, pain?
a) Frontal lobe b) Temporal lobe
c) Parietal lobe d) Occipital lobe