Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term for disorders that cause chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. The two main types of IBD are ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Ulcerative colitis involves inflammation and sores in the lining of the large intestine and rectum, while Crohn's disease causes inflammation that often extends deeper into the layers of the digestive tract and commonly affects the colon and end of the small intestine. Both conditions involve diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, fatigue, and unintended weight loss. The exact causes of IBD are unknown but may involve immune system dysfunction and genetic factors.
The relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases have been a debatable topic since over a century, yet the debate is still ongoing. Various epidemiological and interventional studies have been carried out to prove its biologic plausibility. This ppt compiles the main systemic diseases that have consistently shown to have an impact because of periodontal infection.
good evening
this presentation has short and easy notes on the chapet WHY DO WE FALL ILL! for clas 9 {cbsc}
for any doubts comment or contact at manavsharma367@gmail.com
The relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases have been a debatable topic since over a century, yet the debate is still ongoing. Various epidemiological and interventional studies have been carried out to prove its biologic plausibility. This ppt compiles the main systemic diseases that have consistently shown to have an impact because of periodontal infection.
good evening
this presentation has short and easy notes on the chapet WHY DO WE FALL ILL! for clas 9 {cbsc}
for any doubts comment or contact at manavsharma367@gmail.com
PAIN MANAGEMENT IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE AND CRISIS.pptxCampusHub360
Sickle cell disease is a public health disease, it is not new to most of us, some of us have relatives, friends or even colleagues who suffer from sickle cell disease while some have nursed these people. Sickle cell disease poses significant challenges to the global population health. It contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality of pediatric and adult population.
Disorders of the digestive tract are combined under the term inflammatory bowel disease. Ibd mainly affects the tissue present in the large intestine and results in ulcers and bleeding along with pain and cramps in the abdomen.
To know more about Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and its treatment, consult Dr. Vedant Karvir one of the top Gastroenterologist in Mumbai.
Head-to-Toe Effects of Substance Misuse AprilTorres9
PowerPoint Presentation made for adolescents of the effects of substance misuse on the body. As a harm reduction approach, the aim is to educate youths on the adverse effects of substance misuse so they can make educated and informed decisions about their lifestyle. This presentation is inspired by the youth in the city of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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2. • INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) IS AN UMBRELLA TERM
USED TO DESCRIBE DISORDERS THAT INVOLVE CHRONIC
INFLAMMATION OF YOUR DIGESTIVE TRACT.
• TYPES OF IBD INCLUDE:
1) ULCERATIVE COLITIS
2) CROHN'S DISEASE
3. • ULCERATIVE COLITIS.
• THIS CONDITION INVOLVES INFLAMMATION AND SORES
(ULCERS) ALONG THE SUPERFICIAL LINING OF YOUR
LARGE INTESTINE (COLON) AND RECTUM.
• CROHN'S DISEASE.
• THIS TYPE OF IBD IS CHARACTERIZED BY INFLAMMATION
OF THE LINING OF YOUR DIGESTIVE TRACT, WHICH
OFTEN CAN INVOLVE THE DEEPER LAYERS OF THE
DIGESTIVE TRACT.
4. • DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• CROHN'S DISEASE AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS ARE BOTH FORMS OF INFLAMMATORY
BOWEL DISEASE. CROHN'S DISEASE MOST COMMONLY AFFECTS THE COLON AND
THE LAST PART OF THE SMALL INTESTINE (ILEUM). ULCERATIVE COLITIS AFFECTS
ONLY THE COLON.
5. • BOTH ULCERATIVE COLITIS AND CROHN'S DISEASE
USUALLY ARE CHARACTERIZED BY DIARRHEA, RECTAL
BLEEDING, ABDOMINAL PAIN, FATIGUE AND WEIGHT
LOSS.
• IBD CAN BE DEBILITATING AND SOMETIMES LEADS TO
LIFE-THREATENING COMPLICATIONS.
6. • SYMPTOMS
• INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE SYMPTOMS VARY,
DEPENDING ON THE SEVERITY OF INFLAMMATION AND WHERE
IT OCCURS.
• SYMPTOMS MAY RANGE FROM MILD TO SEVERE.
• YOU ARE LIKELY TO HAVE PERIODS OF ACTIVE ILLNESS
FOLLOWED BY PERIODS OF REMISSION.
7. • SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS THAT ARE COMMON TO BOTH CROHN’S
DISEASE AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS INCLUDE:
• DIARRHEA
• FATIGUE
• ABDOMINAL PAIN AND CRAMPING
• BLOOD IN YOUR STOOL
• REDUCED APPETITE
• UNINTENDED WEIGHT LOSS
8. • ETIOLOGY
• THE EXACT CAUSE OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE REMAINS UNKNOWN.
PREVIOUSLY, DIET AND STRESS WERE SUSPECTED, BUT NOW DOCTORS KNOW THAT
THESE FACTORS MAY AGGRAVATE BUT AREN'T THE CAUSE OF IBD.
• ONE POSSIBLE CAUSE IS AN IMMUNE SYSTEM MALFUNCTION.
• WHEN YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM TRIES TO FIGHT OFF AN INVADING VIRUS OR
BACTERIUM, AN ABNORMAL IMMUNE RESPONSE CAUSES THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO
ATTACK THE CELLS IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT, TOO.
• HEREDITY ALSO SEEMS TO PLAY A ROLE IN THAT IBD IS MORE COMMON IN PEOPLE
WHO HAVE FAMILY MEMBERS WITH THE DISEASE. HOWEVER, MOST PEOPLE WITH
IBD DON'T HAVE THIS FAMILY HISTORY.
9. • RISK FACTORS
• AGE. MOST PEOPLE WHO DEVELOP IBD ARE DIAGNOSED BEFORE THEY’RE
30 YEARS OLD.
• RACE OR ETHNICITY. ALTHOUGH WHITES HAVE THE HIGHEST RISK OF THE
DISEASE, IT CAN OCCUR IN ANY RACE.
• FAMILY HISTORY. YOU'RE AT HIGHER RISK IF YOU HAVE A CLOSE RELATIVE —
SUCH AS A PARENT, SIBLING OR CHILD — WITH THE DISEASE.
10. • CIGARETTE SMOKING. CIGARETTE SMOKING IS THE MOST IMPORTANT
CONTROLLABLE RISK FACTOR FOR DEVELOPING CROHN'S DISEASE.
• NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MEDICATIONS. THESE INCLUDE IBUPROFEN
(ADVIL, MOTRIN IB, OTHERS), NAPROXEN SODIUM (ALEVE), DICLOFENAC
SODIUM AND OTHERS. THESE MEDICATIONS MAY INCREASE THE RISK OF
DEVELOPING IBD OR WORSEN THE DISEASE IN PEOPLE WHO HAVE IBD.
11. • COMPLICATIONS
• ULCERATIVE COLITIS AND CROHN'S DISEASE HAVE SOME COMPLICATIONS
IN COMMON AND OTHERS THAT ARE SPECIFIC TO EACH CONDITION.
• COMPLICATIONS FOUND IN BOTH CONDITIONS MAY INCLUDE:
• COLON CANCER. HAVING ULCERATIVE COLITIS OR CROHN'S DISEASE THAT
AFFECTS MOST OF YOUR COLON CAN INCREASE YOUR RISK OF COLON CANCER.
• SKIN, EYE AND JOINT INFLAMMATION. CERTAIN DISORDERS, INCLUDING
ARTHRITIS, SKIN LESIONS AND EYE INFLAMMATION (UVEITIS), MAY OCCUR
DURING IBD FLARE-UPS.
12. • MEDICATION SIDE EFFECTS. CERTAIN MEDICATIONS FOR IBD ARE ASSOCIATED
WITH A SMALL RISK OF DEVELOPING CERTAIN CANCERS.
• CORTICOSTEROIDS CAN BE ASSOCIATED WITH A RISK OF OSTEOPOROSIS, HIGH
BLOOD PRESSURE AND OTHER CONDITIONS.
• BLOOD CLOTS. IBD INCREASES THE RISK OF BLOOD CLOTS IN VEINS AND
ARTERIES.
13. • PATHOGENESIS
• 1) IBD PATHOGENESIS IS INITIATED BY BACTERIAL PEPTIDOGLYCAN, WHICH
INDUCES CASPASE-1-DEPENDENT MECHANISM BY NOD1 AND NOD2, WHICH
ENHANCED THE EXPRESSION OF IL-32.
• IL-32 INITIATES THE NF-KB ACTIVATION AND A SPECTRUM OF VARIOUS
OTHER INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, AND THIS ACTIVATION ULTIMATELY
RESULT IN IBD.
• 2) PRESENCE OF THE MICROORGANISMS IN GUT TRIGGERS THE IMMUNE
RESPONSE AGAINST THESE MICROBS, THESE ANTIBODIES SOMETIMES
ATTACKS ON THE BOWEL LININGS CAUSING INFLAMMATION.
• 3) THIS INFLAMMATION CAUSES ABNORMALITIES IN THE INTESTINAL WALL
(BARRIER) RESULTS IN BREACHES IN THIS BARRIER. BREACHES (THE
INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM) ALLOW FURTHER INFILTRATION OF
MICROORGANISMS THAT, IN TURN, ELICITE FURTHER IMMUNE RESPONSES.