3. Inflammation is the body response to infectionInflammation is the body response to infection
or injury. The functions of inflammation are toor injury. The functions of inflammation are to
destroy or inactivate foreign invaders and to setdestroy or inactivate foreign invaders and to set
stage for tissue repairstage for tissue repair
InflammationInflammation
4. Within few minutes after inflammation begins,Within few minutes after inflammation begins,
tissue macrophages begins their phagocytictissue macrophages begins their phagocytic
action.action.
Many fixed tissue macrophages break loose fromMany fixed tissue macrophages break loose from
their attachment forming the first line of defensetheir attachment forming the first line of defense
against infectionagainst infection
Tissue Macrophage is a 1Tissue Macrophage is a 1stst
LineLine
of Defense Against Infectionof Defense Against Infection
5. Tissue macrophage in the skinTissue macrophage in the skin
Once the skin broken, infection occur andOnce the skin broken, infection occur and
inflammation resultsinflammation results
Macrophages in subcutaneous tissueMacrophages in subcutaneous tissue
(Histiocyte) destroy the infectious agent by(Histiocyte) destroy the infectious agent by
performing phagocytosisperforming phagocytosis
6. Alveolar macrophages in theAlveolar macrophages in the
lungslungs
Invading organisms enter the body through theInvading organisms enter the body through the
lungslungs
Tissue macrophages are present as integralTissue macrophages are present as integral
components of alveolar wallscomponents of alveolar walls
They can phagocytize particles that entrapped inThey can phagocytize particles that entrapped in
the alveolithe alveoli
7. Neutrophil invasion of the inflamed area is the second lineNeutrophil invasion of the inflamed area is the second line
of defenseof defense
Neutrophils begins to invade the inflamed area from theNeutrophils begins to invade the inflamed area from the
bloodblood
This is caused by products from the inflamed area whichThis is caused by products from the inflamed area which
initiate the following reactions:initiate the following reactions:
1.1. Alter the inside surface of the capillary causing neutrophilsAlter the inside surface of the capillary causing neutrophils
stick on the capillary walls. This calledstick on the capillary walls. This called marginationmargination
2.2. Caused intracellular attachment to loosenCaused intracellular attachment to loosen diapedesisdiapedesis
3.3. Other product causedOther product caused chemotaxischemotaxis
Second Line of DefenseSecond Line of Defense
8. Second macrophages invasion is a third line ofSecond macrophages invasion is a third line of
defensedefense
Monocyte from the blood enter the inflamedMonocyte from the blood enter the inflamed
tissues and enlarged to become macrophagestissues and enlarged to become macrophages
Macrophages can phagocytize more bacteriaMacrophages can phagocytize more bacteria
larger particles than neutrophilslarger particles than neutrophils
Third Line of DefenseThird Line of Defense
9. Increased production of granulocytes andIncreased production of granulocytes and
monocytes by bone marrow is the fourth line ofmonocytes by bone marrow is the fourth line of
defensedefense
This results from stimulation of the granulocyticThis results from stimulation of the granulocytic
and monocytic progenitor cell of the marrow.and monocytic progenitor cell of the marrow.
However, it takes 3-4 days before newly formedHowever, it takes 3-4 days before newly formed
granulocytes and monocytes reach the stage ofgranulocytes and monocytes reach the stage of
leaving the bone marrow.leaving the bone marrow.
Fourth Line of DefenseFourth Line of Defense
