Infant colic is excessive crying in babies under 3 months of age that lasts for more than 3 hours per day, occurs more than 3 days per week, and continues for more than 3 weeks. It affects about 20% of babies and the cause is unknown. Medical treatments for colic include hypoallergenic formulas, soy formulas, and partially hydrolyzed whey protein formulas. Reassurance and non-medical strategies like swaddling, white noise, and burping are usually recommended as first-line approaches to soothing colicky babies.
frequent problem faced by pediatricians & g.ps .it is for health awareness for the public only. not for commercial intention.please share it if you like it for the purpose of educating the mothers especially.
frequent problem faced by pediatricians & g.ps .it is for health awareness for the public only. not for commercial intention.please share it if you like it for the purpose of educating the mothers especially.
Colic -medical information |management | diagnosis | a brief study martinshaji
Colic is commonly described as a #behavioral #syndrome characterized by excessive, paroxysmal #crying. Colic is most likely to occur in the #evenings, and it occurs without any #identifiable cause. During episodes of colic, an otherwise #healthy #neonate or #infant aged 2 weeks to 4 months is difficult to #console. They stiffen, draw up their legs, and pass #flatus. Colic is one of the common reasons #parents seek the advice of a #pediatrician or #family #practitioner during their child’s first 3 months of life.
please comment
thank you
crying in infant is a normal phenomenon but can be troublesome when an infant cry excessively. colic is an acronym and it is important to rule out every physiological and pathological cause before making a diagnosis of colic.this presentation will help you in doing so . happy viewing.
Constipation in Infants & Children By Dr. Vivek Rege
Pediatric Surgeon & Pediatric Urologist, BhatiaHospital, Saifee Hospital, Fortis Hospitals, B J Wadia Hospital for Children
constipation in children , pediatric constipation , management of constipation in children , understanding constipation , causes of constipation in children , functional constipation in children , treatment of constipation ,approach to constipation in children ,constipation in infants
Colic -medical information |management | diagnosis | a brief study martinshaji
Colic is commonly described as a #behavioral #syndrome characterized by excessive, paroxysmal #crying. Colic is most likely to occur in the #evenings, and it occurs without any #identifiable cause. During episodes of colic, an otherwise #healthy #neonate or #infant aged 2 weeks to 4 months is difficult to #console. They stiffen, draw up their legs, and pass #flatus. Colic is one of the common reasons #parents seek the advice of a #pediatrician or #family #practitioner during their child’s first 3 months of life.
please comment
thank you
crying in infant is a normal phenomenon but can be troublesome when an infant cry excessively. colic is an acronym and it is important to rule out every physiological and pathological cause before making a diagnosis of colic.this presentation will help you in doing so . happy viewing.
Constipation in Infants & Children By Dr. Vivek Rege
Pediatric Surgeon & Pediatric Urologist, BhatiaHospital, Saifee Hospital, Fortis Hospitals, B J Wadia Hospital for Children
constipation in children , pediatric constipation , management of constipation in children , understanding constipation , causes of constipation in children , functional constipation in children , treatment of constipation ,approach to constipation in children ,constipation in infants
Happiest baby on the block handout, purple cryingMolly Soeby
Frustration with a crying baby is the most common reason for shaking a baby. Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) is caused by the baby's brain being damaged from shaking. This can lead to serious brain injuries and even death. Learn tips to calm a crying infant. Recognize that unrealistic expectations about baby's can lead to abuse. Learn who is the most likely person to abuse a baby.
What to Expect in the early days of breastfeeding, the norms and what to observe to detect abnormalities and finally the optimal practices to successful breastfeeding
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
3. Babies cry to communicateBabies cry to communicate
Quotes about 12-year-old 2-month-old
Hunger “When’s dinner? I’m
starved.”
Discomfort “I’m not wearing these
dress pants. They’re too
tight.”
Over-stimulation “Leave me alone.”
Under-stimulation “I’m bored. There’s nothing
to do.”
Fatigue “I’ve had a long day”
“CRY!”
“CRY!”
“CRY!”
“CRY!”
“CRY!”
4. All babies cryAll babies cry
Crying is normal.Crying is normal.
Babies cry for many reasons.Babies cry for many reasons.
ALL babies will have times when theyALL babies will have times when they
CANNOT stop crying.CANNOT stop crying.
5. Normal infant cryingNormal infant crying
Adapted from the NCSBS and Ronald G. Barr, MDCM
The amount of crying:
• Changes over time
• Varies among normally-developing babies
7. Crying Curve for Premature BabiesCrying Curve for Premature Babies
Timing of crying peak isTiming of crying peak is
same as full-termssame as full-terms
4-6 weeks corrected4-6 weeks corrected
ageage
Quality of crying may beQuality of crying may be
different than full-termsdifferent than full-terms
““He never cried in theHe never cried in the
nursery”nursery”
8. What is colic?
1.violent, rhythmical, screaming attacks
2.for which no cause
3.prolonged crying—really not more bouts, but much longer
4.often unpredictable—good days and bad days
5.most crying for all babies in evening, but not always
6.higher pitch—cry studies that higher pitch is more aversive to adults
7.resists soothing—what makes it so hard—unsoothable crying
8.paroxysmal--Sort of like a big attack--explosive
begin and end without warning
seemingly unrelated to other events
9.whole body cry: afternoon fist shaking rage
flushed face, red, arching back, legs drawn up
9. In Asian cultures more likely to be viewed as
part of normal development
Chinese: 1000 days of crying
Vietnamese: “three months plus ten days”
crying
Japanese: “Evening Crying”
•middle class, Caucasian parents tend to report
more colic and seek help for colic more
10. DEFINITIONDEFINITION:: refer to infant who cry forrefer to infant who cry for
no apperent reason during 1no apperent reason during 1stst
threethree
months of life &whose parent seekmonths of life &whose parent seek
help for this problemhelp for this problem..
Niels Rosen 1764
first identifiedfirst identified by British ped. Illingsowrthby British ped. Illingsowrth
colic=kolikos adjective of kolon
StJames-robert ,in :colic &excessive crying report of the 105th
Ross conf.on ped.research,columbus 1997
(
What is ColicWhat is Colic??
11. Wessel’s Rule of 3s for ColicWessel’s Rule of 3s for Colic
Rule of 3sRule of 3s
More than 3 hours/dayMore than 3 hours/day
More than 3 days/weekMore than 3 days/week
More than 3 weeksMore than 3 weeks
No single known causeNo single known cause
Child healthy &well fedChild healthy &well fed
Wessel, 1954
12. Diagnostic Criteria Rome IIIDiagnostic Criteria Rome III
Diagnostic criteria Must includeDiagnostic criteria Must include all of theall of the
following in infants from birth tofollowing in infants from birth to 4 months of4 months of
age:age:
1 Paroxysms of irritability, fussing or crying that1 Paroxysms of irritability, fussing or crying that
starts and stops withoutobvious causestarts and stops withoutobvious cause
2 Episodes lasting 3 or more hours/day and2 Episodes lasting 3 or more hours/day and
occurring at least 3 days/wk foroccurring at least 3 days/wk for
at least 1 weekat least 1 week
3. No failure to thrive3. No failure to thrive
13. Colic isColic is NotNot Linked toLinked to::
Birth orderBirth order
GenderGender
Feeding styleFeeding style
Colic can occur in healthyColic can occur in healthy
babies, in spite ofbabies, in spite of
excellent parentingexcellent parenting
been there since thebeen there since the
beginning about 20% ofbeginning about 20% of
allall; not caused by our; not caused by our
modern lifemodern life
seems to be in all culturesseems to be in all cultures
14.
15. If symptoms started suddenly and recently, consider:
Intussusception
volvulus
strangulated hernia
Torsion of the testis
Corneal abrasion
Non-accidental injury
Differential
Diagnosis
Rare, serious
causes such
as:
Seizures;
infantile
spasms.
Cerebral
palsy.
Chromosomal
abnormalities.
Constipation
GERD
Transient cow’s
milk intolerance
Parental depression or
anxiety, or inability to
interact normally with the
baby
Discomfort.
-Hunger or thirst
-Too hot or too
-Too itchy Nappy rash
-Woman's diet if breastfeeding (e.g. too much
coffee, tea, or soft drinks that contain caffeine, or
too much alcohol or spicy food(.
16. Management of ColicManagement of Colic
GOALSGOALS
11..To provide strategies to help soothe a crying babyTo provide strategies to help soothe a crying baby
22..To reduce parental anxiety and stressTo reduce parental anxiety and stress
17. 1st line: advice and1st line: advice and
reassurancereassurance
What advice should I give to the parentsWhat advice should I give to the parents??
Reassure the parents that
their baby is well, they are not doing
something wrong, the baby is not rejecting them,
and that colic is common and is a phase
that will pass within a few months.
18. 1. Swaddling, safe swaddling carefully avoiding overheating,1. Swaddling, safe swaddling carefully avoiding overheating,
covering the head, using bulky or loose blankets, and allowing thecovering the head, using bulky or loose blankets, and allowing the
hips to be flexedhips to be flexed
2. Side or stomach (holding a baby on the back is the only safe2. Side or stomach (holding a baby on the back is the only safe
position for sleep, but it is the worst position for calming a fussyposition for sleep, but it is the worst position for calming a fussy
baby.baby.
3. Shhh sound (making a strong shush sound near the3. Shhh sound (making a strong shush sound near the
baby's ear .baby's ear .
4. Swinging the baby ,movements (no more than 1" back and4. Swinging the baby ,movements (no more than 1" back and
forth) always supporting the head and neckforth) always supporting the head and neck
5. Sucking (Letting the baby suckle on the breast, or a pacifier5. Sucking (Letting the baby suckle on the breast, or a pacifier
five S's" baby sleep strategy outlined in Karp's bestselling book,five S's" baby sleep strategy outlined in Karp's bestselling book, The HappiestThe Happiest
Baby on the BlockBaby on the Block
5Ss approach
19. Only consider trying medical treatments if parents feelOnly consider trying medical treatments if parents feel
unable to cope despite advice and reassuranceunable to cope despite advice and reassurance..
2nd line: Medical Treatment
31. How Long does Colic LastHow Long does Colic Last??
Begins early:Begins early:
100% by 3 weeks100% by 3 weeks
End variesEnd varies::
50% by 2 months50% by 2 months
80% by 3 months80% by 3 months
90% by 4 months90% by 4 months
Weissbluth, 1998
32. Risks to Behavior & DevelopmentRisks to Behavior & Development
Severe colic/persistent excessive crying in infancy past Severe colic/persistent excessive crying in infancy past
5 months has been linked to the following child 5 months has been linked to the following child
outcomes:outcomes:
• Motor, language, and cognitive delays Motor, language, and cognitive delays
• Behavioral problems (“temper tantrums”)Behavioral problems (“temper tantrums”)
• Negative reactivity (“fussiness”)Negative reactivity (“fussiness”)
• Sleep disordersSleep disorders
• Feeding problemsFeeding problems
• HyperactivityHyperactivity
DeGangi et al., 2000; DeSantis et al, 2005; Kries, Kalies, & Papousek, 2006; Papousek &
von Hofacker, 1998; Rautava et al., 1995; Savino et al., 1995; Wake et al., 2006; Wolke,
Rizzo, & Woods, 2002
33. What is colicWhat is colic??
Colic is a common condition that affects otherwise healthy babies.Colic is a common condition that affects otherwise healthy babies.
Normally starts soon after birth and lasts until the baby is threeNormally starts soon after birth and lasts until the baby is three
or four months old – sometimes longer (around 6 months).or four months old – sometimes longer (around 6 months).
The most common symptom of colic is excessive andThe most common symptom of colic is excessive and
inconsolable crying in a baby that otherwise appears to beinconsolable crying in a baby that otherwise appears to be
healthy and well-fed.healthy and well-fed.
Colic is a common condition which can affect up to 1 in 5 babies Colic is a common condition which can affect up to 1 in 5 babies
Colic affects both girls and boys equallyi.Colic affects both girls and boys equallyi.
Colic affects both breast-fed and formula-fed babies equallyi.Colic affects both breast-fed and formula-fed babies equallyi.
The cause (or causes) of colic is unclear.The cause (or causes) of colic is unclear.
There is is no specific treatment, ressurance of There is is no specific treatment, ressurance of
parent with 5sparent with 5s
Editor's Notes
All babies cry…
Most north American babies cry on average 1 hour and 45 minutes a day for first 3 months
Crying declines to a level at three months which is pretty stable for first year
Interestingly, after 9 months, babies cry about the same number of times/day over the first year
The bouts get shorter and shorter
And the cry changes over time, becomes more efficient and purposeful
If babies don’t cry, we are concerned.
Spitz reported that babies in institutions did not cry—show this early crying
LOOK UP—in Swedish study
May take the presence of an other to cry
Crying is adaptive!
Bob Emde reminds us there are good reasons why a baby is not born smiling…
Cry means…change something!
Babies have a lot of work to do help parents get off to the right start!—
before they reward them with that big smile
Stott Theory: Onus is on the baby!
New mothers first view infants crying as aversive reflective actions that they want to STOP through trial and error
With time they come to see cry as an act of communication– a message from their baby—to be deciphered so they can respond to their infant’s needs
Move from trying to STOP crying—action
To trying to UNDERSTAND the crying—Reflection before action
WHAT PARENTS REALLY WANT TO KNOW ABOUT A BABY’S CRY:
IS WHAT IS HE SAYING TO ME?
Activity: Group discussion on communication (optional)
Each time that you click, the word “CRY!” will appear in a box in the “2-month-old” column.
Depending on the audience, you may want to summarize the information on the slide, or you may want to strongly reinforce the message that crying is the infant’s means to get his or her needs met.
Explain the following to the participants
From the moment that they are born, babies communicate as a means of getting their basic needs met by their caregivers. Because they haven’t developed language skills, babies use the tool that they have – they cry.
Review each quote on the slide using this format:
Babies, just like older children, feel hunger. When a 12-year-old is hungry, he might say, “When’s dinner? I’m starved.”
How will a 2-month-old communicate hunger to his caregiver?
Click, and then point to the response on the slide and encourage the participants to respond with, “cry!”.
Repeat this format for the remaining quotes.
Suggested narrative
All babies cry and it can be an irritating sound. This is nature’s way of making sure infants get their needs met so they can survive. If crying was a pleasant sound it would be easy to ignore.
Babies are completely dependant on their caregivers for survival.
It is normal for babies to cry and babies will cry for many reasons. A baby might cry to let you know he or she is hungry or thirsty, needs a diaper change, needs to be cuddled, doesn’t feel well, or is sleepy. A baby might cry to release tension.
In addition, you can expect there to be times when a baby can’t stop crying.
A baby’s crying can be very upsetting. It is important for you to understand what to expect in terms of infant crying, and to plan in advance for how you will handle crying.
As a professional child care provider you also have an important role in teaching others. If a parent or other caregiver asks you about a baby’s crying, you can share what you learn in this session.
Suggested narrative
A great deal of research has been done about infant crying to find out what can be considered normal.
This diagram shows what is called the “crying curve.” It shows that crying normally starts to increase at about 2 weeks of age, peaks in intensity during the second month, and has decreased a lot by the fourth or fifth month of life.
Studies have found that the pattern and timing of infant crying is similar in many different circumstances, including:
Colicky or fussy babies – which we will discuss in more detail later.
Premature babies – their crying peaks about 6 weeks after their full term due date.
Other cultures – with different caregiving styles, (even other mammals).
Although the pattern and timing of crying is similar in different circumstances, there can be big differences in how much normal infants cry. As shown in the diagram, the average amount of crying is between 1 to 2 hours at the peak of crying, but some infants will cry less and some will cry more. The main point is that they all are normally developing infants.
Suggested narrative
Click to make the photo of the crying baby appear on the right.
These pictures show the same baby on the same day. In fact these two pictures were taken just a few hours apart. This baby is healthy and normal in both pictures.
Babies cry for many reasons and there are many different things you can try to do to calm a baby.
But what if your ideas don’t work and you can’t get a baby to stop crying?
When a baby or child can’t stop crying it is normal to feel frustrated.
Although you might not be able to calm the baby, it is important that YOU stay calm.
“He never cried in the nursery”
Gastro-oesophageal reflux is the non-forceful regurgitation of milk and other gastric contents into the oesophagus. It occurs where there is incompetence of sphincter of the gastro-oesophageal junction.
Birth - 12 months
Symptoms: Recurrent regurgitation or vomiting, Epigastric and abdominal pain (often presenting as distress after feeds, behavioural problems, feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, choking.
In 1954, Wessell offered this definition of colic and it is still used today in research and clinical practice to help identify babies with colic
Rule of 3’s
more than 3 hours/day
more than 3 days/week
more than 3 weeks in a row
Last point is typically dropped because parents cannot wait that long to find out what
Most common complaint brought to pediatricians in early months
Anyone—
--about 20% of all babies—700,000 a year
--been there since the beginning; not caused by our modern life
--not birth order—experienced parent or new parent
--first time families bring it to attention of pediatrician more
--not feeding style—breast or bottle fed babies
--seems to be in all cultures:
In Asian cultures more likely to be viewed as part of normal development
Chinese: 1000 days of crying
Vietnamese: “three months plus ten days” crying
Japanese: “Evening Crying”
We call it colic: derives from Greek word meaning colon
middle class, Caucasian parents tend to report more colic
and seek help for colic more
do know that babies in continuous carrying societies—where baby always held and nursed almost continuously look a little different
--same crying peak at 6 weeks that is in all cultures studied
--have same number of bouts of crying
--bouts don’t last as long
--overall less crying
know that colic occurs in healthy babies
know that it can occur in spite of excellent parenting
these two alone—organic problems in the baby or problems in the family are not thought to explain the majority of cases of colic
Transient cow’s milk intolerance
Transient intolerance to cow's milk protein occurs in infants when large molecules (such as cow's milk protein) pass through the infant's permeable gastrointestinal tract and are absorbed rather than broken down.
As the infant's GI tract matures, fewer whole proteins get through, and symptoms resolve.
GORD
Normal infants have a high prevalence of reflux symptoms such as daily regurgitation, arching of the back, crying for more than an hour per day, or hiccups.
However, infants with significant GORD are more likely to have greater than five episodes of regurgitation per day, to refuse feeding, to have episodes of apnoea, or to have problems gaining weight.
ADD HAPPY PICTURE OF EMILY HERE!!!
Ms. Emily
No longer Ms. Fussy
·Begins early:
80% by 2 week, all by 3 week
·End varies: 50% by 2 months
80% by 3 months
90% by 4 months
·Moral of story: you can’t promise parents when it will be over.
·Remember, that babies without colic, crying peak is about 6 weeks
begins to diminish
·Colicky babies continue to cry—a lot—for 2, 3, 4 more months—
·families begin to feel like your baby is really different than others;