This document summarizes the effects of industrialization on the environment in Pakistan. It discusses the history of industrial development in Pakistan since independence and outlines the major environmental impacts including water, air, soil and marine pollution. Key pollutants from industries are discharged into water bodies and the air, degrading environmental quality and impacting human health. The document also reviews some of Pakistan's environmental laws and regulations and provides recommendations to control industrial pollution such as implementing emissions charges and standards.

1. INDUSTRIALIZATION AND
ENVIRONMENT IN PAKISTAN
PresentedBy:
Muhammad
Mehdi
Reg. No. 15-
Arid-4816
1
Department of Economics
PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi
COURSE INSTRUCTOR
Ma’am Hina Fatima

2. OUTLINE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5
6
• Introduction
• Industrial Development in Pakistan
• Environmental Effects of Industrial Pollution
• Environment Laws, Rules and Regulations and Their
Implementation
• Conclusion & Recommendations
• References
2

3. INTRODUCTION
3
Industrialization is regarded as the major fundamental of the world’s economic
growth.
Since the Industrial Revolution, industrialization has been regarded as essential
for a country's rapid development.
But due to this revaluation the natural environment is going towards deprivation.
Unsustainable use of natural resources are leading country to environmental
degradation.

4. INTRODUCTION
4
 knowingly or unknowingly, the industrialization ran faster without caring
for environment to win the race.
 Huge quantities of pollutants solids, liquids and gaseous material which are
being let out in the air, water, land are investing the relationships between
man and the nature with new complexities.

5. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN
Since ''Industrial Revolution'' industrialization is considered crucial for rapid development ofthe
country.
BRIEFHISTORY:
Growth of Industrial Sector from 1947 to 1950
Growth of Industrial Sector in 1950's
Performance of Industrial Sector in 1960's
Performance of Industrial Sector from 1970's onward
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6. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN
1980’s Pakistan started steady recovery and growth
1990’s Growth in primary Industrial Units
2000 Growth in services Industries
2015 Pakistan at present is following the tested policies of
industrialization for prosperity
6

7. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
7
 Chaotic release of industrial effluents and air emissions have polluted
ground and surface water, air quality, affected flora/fauna and human
health.
 Pollution is one of the major issues facing cities likeKarachi, Lahore
Islamabad, Peshawar, Quetta and Rawalpindi.

8. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTION
8
Major effects of industrial pollution on
1. Water
2. Air
3. Soil
4. Marine Life

9. WATER POLLUTION IN PAKISTAN
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 According to an EPD source, 9000 million gallons of wastewaterhaving 20,000 tons of BOD5
loading are daily discharged into water bodies from the industrial sector.
 Arecent survey of 150 industrial units in five potentially toxic groups completed by EPAs in the
three provinces, reported extreme deviation from the levels prescribed in the National
Environmental Quality Standards.
 Federal Environmental ProtectionAgency showed that tanneries located in Kasur and Sialkot are
discharging effluent with chrome concentration ranging between 182-222mg/l against standards
of 1 mg/l and ChemicalOxygen demand ranging between 5002-7320mg/l against limit of 150
mg/l prescribed in the NEQS.
 It has been estimated only 1% of industrial wastewater in Pakistan is treated before discharge.
 The world health organization brief that 25-30% of allhospital admissions are connected to
water borne bacterial and parasitic conditions, with 60% of infant deaths caused by water
infections.

10. AIR POLLUTION IN PAKISTAN
Industrialization set in motion the widespread use of fossil fuels which are now the main drivers of
pollution as weknow it.
Air pollution is rapidlygrowing environmental concern in Pakistan.
Some major air Pollutants are:
 CO2
 NOx
 SO2
 PM
 CFC
 CH4
 O3
11

11. Average air pollutants in Karachi
0
50
100
150
SO2 concentration
13
150
100
50
0
200
Residential areas (june 2005) Traffic intersection (june
2005)
Residential Areas (june 2005) Traffic intersection (june
2005)
SO2 (ug/m3) WHO guidelines
NO2 concentration
NO2 (ug/m3) WHO guidelines
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Residential areas (june 2005) Traffic intersection (june 2005)
PM concentration
400
300
200
100
0
PM (ug/m3) WHO guidelines
PM10 concentration
Residential Areas (june 2005) Trrafic intersection (june 2005)
PM10 (ug/m3) WHO guidelines

12. EFFECTS OF AIRPOLLUTION
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 Environmental problems such as Climate change, Greenhouse effect, global warming are
big cause of air emissions which have harmful effects on humans, animals, trees and the
wider environment.
 Air pollutants enter the body primarily through the respiratory system which thus
becomes their main victim.
 Each air pollutant exerts their own specific adverse impacts, ranging from mild to really

13. MARINE LIFE INTERRUPTION
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 Marine life is under serious hazard of extinction from rising industrial pollution in
Pakistan's seas as spillage of contaminated substances has already turned Karachi seaport
into "azoic" state.
 In Karachi alone more than 6,000 industrial enterprises, some 60 per cent of the country’s
industry, are located along the coastal belt. From which 26.3 % discharge in to sea without
an treatment.
 Environmentalist groups claim chemicals released from Tanneries (leather factories), is
worst contamination, it is also released in the sea.

14. MARINE LIFE INTERRUPTION
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 Oil refineries also dump waste into the sea. Therefore fish have migrated from waters near
the shore to deep open sea water. Between 2 nautical miles from the shore no fish is
available now.
 sea water was appearing black by color, even stones of protection wall had turned black,
many bottles, polyether bags and other waste was visible on the surface of water.
 In August 2003 Greek tanker Tasman Spirit carrying 35000 tons crude oil from Iran crude
when it was about to arrive at Karachi coast. It faced rough weather and broke out in two
pieces,resultantly its entire oil was spilled into Arabian sea killing thousands of fish and
birds.

15. CAUSESOF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
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 No implementation of Policies to Control Pollution
 Unplanned Industrial Growth
 Presence of Large Number of Small Scale Industries
 Inefficient Waste Disposal

16. Environment Laws, Rulesand Regulations and Their
Implementation
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• Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997
• The Pollution Charge For Industry (Calculations and Collections) Rules, 2001
• Provincial Sustainable Development Fund (Utilization) Rules, Env2003.
• Self Monitoring and Reporting by Industries Rule2001- Amended
• The Sindh WildlifeProtection Ordinance, 1972
• The Punjab Wildlife(Protection, Preservation, Conservation and Management act, 1974)
• Environmental SamplesRules, 2001.
• Hazardous Substance rules. 2003
• Environmental Laboratories Certification Regulation
• Sindh Environmental ProtectionAct 2014

17. RECOMMENDATION & CONTROL
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• Emission Charges
Emission Charges are prices established for the right to emit a unit of a
pollutant. If any industry is not regulating their emissions so they are
under obligation to pay charges for that.
• Emission Standards
Limits ought to be established by government on the twelve-monthly
amounts and kinds of pollutants that can be emitted into the air or water by
producers or users of certain products.

18. RECOMMENDATION & CONTROL
18
• Command and Control Regulation
A system or rule that requires the use of specific pollution controldevices
on certain sources of pollution or applies strict emission standards to
specific emitters.

19. REFERENCES
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Http://Www.Ukessays.Com/Essays/Environmental-Sciences/Water-And-Soil-Pollution-In-Pakistan-Environmental-Sciences-Essay.Php
Http://Www.Cssforum.Com.Pk/Css-Compulsorysubjects/Essay/Essays/47900-Environmental-Issues-Pakistan.Html
Land And Environmental Degradation And Its Amelioration For Sustainable Agriculture In Pakistan Quarterly Science Vision Vol.9 No.1-2 (Jul- Dec, 2003)& 3-4 (Jan - Jun, 2004)
Http://Hubpages.Com/Education/Industrial-Development-In-Pakistan
Air Pollution: Key Environmental Issues In Pakistan ByMahmood A. Khwaja And Shaheen Rafi Khan
Industrial Policy And The Environment In Pakistan
Environmental Challenges And Responses Of Pakistan
Ministry Of Environment, Local Government And Rural Development
Http://Www.Environment.Gov.Pk/10/2001
Azizullah, Peter Richter, Donat Peter Häder, “Ecotoxicological Evaluation Of Wastewater Samples From Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate (Gaie), Swabi, Pakistan”.
Shahid Amjad. “Strategy For Industrial Waste Water And Pollution Control”. Professor: College Of Computer Science And Information Systems Institute Of Business Management, Karachi
Wastewater Production, Treatment And Use In Pakistan
Ghulam Murtaza1 And Munir H. Zia ,Associate Professor/Director Farms (Institute Of Soil And Environmental Sciences, University Of Agriculture, Faisalabad)
Http://Www.Unido.Org/Fileadmin/Import/Userfiles/Timminsk/Rio10-Ind-Pakistan-Eng.Pdf
Http://Ecoenvironmentofearth.Blogspot.Com/2010/05/Environmental-Degradation-And-Its.Html
Http://Www.Pakistantoday.Com.Pk/2013/06/26/City/Karachi/Environmental-Cost-Of-Industrialisation/
Http://Ncejpak.Org/Pollution-Puts-The-Marine-Life-At-Stake-2/