Industrial waste refers to solid, liquid, and gaseous byproducts from manufacturing processes and includes toxic and hazardous materials. It can pollute the air via emissions, water sources when dumped untreated, and soil from waste disposal. The growth of industry and population has increased waste levels, threatening the environment and health if not properly managed. Effective waste management requires approaches like landfilling, incineration, and recycling, each with benefits and limitations.

2.  Industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial activity
which includes any material that is rendered useless during a
manufacturing process of factories, mills and mines.
 Industrial waste refers to the solid, liquid and gaseous
emissions, residual and unwanted wastes from an industrial
operation.

3.  Industrial wastes are hazardous since they may be toxic,
ignitable, reactive and leading to extensive pollution.
 Among the great variety of industrial wastes that are generated
gases, acids, metallic compounds, oils, radioactive and complex
synthetic chemicals.

4.  To some extent, people divide industrial waste into 2 major
categories: waste from heavy industry and waste from light
industry.
 It contains a wide range of complex components. To simplify,
put them into 3 core states: solid, liquid and gas.
 Solid waste
 Liquid waste
 Gaseous waste

5.  Solid waste refers to non-soluble material such as agricultural
refuse, industrial waste, mining residues, demolition waste,
municipal garbage or even sewage sludge.
 Industrial solid waste generated from processing plants and
factories such as metals, chemicals, plastic and building materials
etc.
 If these wastes are not properly disposed or recycled, certainly,
they will be dropped out the surrounding environment and then
damage people’s lives.

6.  Liquid waste can be defined as the presence, of some foreign
substances or impurities (organic, inorganic, radiological or
biological) in water in such a quantity so as to constitute a health
hazard by lowering the water quality and making it unfit for use.
 The origin of liquid industrial waste is oil refinery, cement,
fertilizers, paint and rubber industries, sugar mills, cooking oil
factories, paper manufacturing plants and food processing plants
etc.

7.  Waste from these industries mainly contains hazardous material
and contain hundreds of toxic chemicals which are discarded to
rivers, lakes and seas.
 Every year, there are so many circumstances of liquid waste that
cause severe damages to both human health and environment.

8.  Gaseous waste is defined as uncontrolled airborne emissions and
effluents. These emissions consist of gas, mist, smoke, vapor,
matter, fumes or any combinations.
 Gaseous waste primarily comes out as a result of industries such
as manufacturing, processing and consumption of various
materials.
 Gaseous industrial waste comes from internal-combustion
engines, thermal power stations and manufacturing plants and
mostly released from chimney of industries.

9.  It is very important to figure out the effects of industrial waste
on environment.
 There are 3 main consequences.
 In the first place, industrial gaseous waste causes air pollution.
 Using fossil fuels such as gas, coal and oil to create electricity
for power industries and manufacturing operations can produce
toxic chemicals that are generated to the air through chimneys
and exhaust pipes.

10.  Most of air pollutants include NOx, COx, SOx, etc. These
chemicals increase the risks of suffering from cancer and affects
the respiratory systems .
 They can also cause ozone depletion and global warming.

11.  More than that, the gaseous stream containing high amounts
of SO2, NO2 and CO2 from contaminated lakes and rivers by
acid rain that can cause many diseases for people and animals.

12.  Next, water can be contaminated from pollutants entering the
water sources from waste industries.
 Most of the industries drop their waste directly into the lakes,
rivers and seas without treatment which makes water sources
full of chemicals and turn into black.
 Water pollution poisons drinking water, damages the
surroundings of marine animals and irrigation systems of
agriculture.

13.  People could not drink contaminated water, fishes and other
animals couldn’t live in dirty environment and agriculture is in
a shortage of water.
 Even, black rivers, lakes worsen the beautiful images of our
planet. As a result, every creature can’t exist anymore.

14.  Industrial solid waste can result in soil pollution. Soil pollution is
defined as soil contaminated with liquid and solid toxic waste.
 Waste products from manufacturing, effluent from industries and
fuel spills are the main reason causing soil pollution.
 Pollutants in soil lessen the quality of soil and creating problems
in agriculture and destroying local vegetation.

15.  It also causes chronic health issues for the people that come in
contact with such soil on a daily basis. Besides, soil pollution
may be hazardous to children’s brain, make people headaches
and eye irritation.
 In brief, the effects of industrial waste on environment are very
great. Industrial waste causes air, soil and water pollution that
are very harmful to people’s health.
 People should spend their time learning about effects of
industrial waste on environment and then find out solutions to
limit these consequences before it is too late.

17.  The growth of modern industries and world population bring out a
huge amount of waste to our society.
 In order to survive in the near future, people have to control the
waste at any cost.
 Solid waste management is concerned with collecting,
transporting, recycling and disposing waste material.

18.  It is rather effective in reducing pollution, conserving energy
and natural resources.
 Solid waste management occupies an important position in the
improvement of our society.
 There are 3 main methods of solid waste management, namely
land filling, incineration and recycling.

19.  The first method of solid waste management is land filling.
Landfills are used to treat waste by burying it under the soil.
 Land filling has traditionally been a primary method of waste
disposal under the dirt and the let them decompose.
 Garbage is covered with a layer of soil to prevent it from
blowing around.
 That method is very economical and convenient. However, we
have to consider its bad side.

20.  We should detect methane gas production and groundwater
contamination when burying solid waste under the soil.
 Many landfills do not meet the requirements and guarantee the
quality of Environmental Protection Agency.
 New landfills are opposed because of public concern about
groundwater contamination, costs of transportation and spaces for
landfills.

21.  Nevertheless, as a piece of fact, land filling causes some environment
problems, namely groundwater pollution, bad odor and methane.
 Now, a new kind of landfill is designed to minimize these
consequences. Modern landfills often contain a gas extraction system
to take out the gas generated during waste decomposing process.
 Next, this amount of gas will be used to produce electricity.
 However, fewer and fewer landfills are established because of their
bad odor and consuming many spaces. In fact, no one likes living in
the areas of landfills.

22.  Another method of solid waste management is incineration
which is defined as converting waste into heat to generate steam.
 In this method highly combustible waste like plastics,
cardboard, paper, rubber, wood scrap etc are subjected to
incineration.
 It is one of the most effective ways to manage solid waste.

23.  Incinerators dramatically reduce the amount of solid waste (up
to 90% by volume and 75% by weight).
 That method minimizes the weak points of landfills. It requires
fewer spaces than land filling and can be operated in any
weather.
 Unlike landfills, it produces stable odor that is better than the
previous methods.

24.  However, incineration still has some limitation because it is
expensive to build and operate incinerators and in need of
skilled personnel and continuous maintenance and primary risks
of incineration include air quality problem, toxicity and ash.
 Even when using modern techniques to control pollution, small
amounts of pollutants are still generated into the environment
and it costs much money to treat the ash generated by
incineration.

25.  The third method of solid waste management is recycling which
accounts for 30% of the total solid waste management.
 People consider recycling to be the most effective way to
manage waste. It refers to the collection and reuse of waste
materials.
 It seems the best way to reduce pollution, conserve resources,
save energy.

26.  The most common recyclable materials are aluminum cans,
steel, bottles and papers and PVC plastic bags, containers, glass
etc.
 The recycled materials will be then used to make new products
which have the same purposes as the ones made from raw
materials.
 Actually, recycling is environmentally friendly but not all kinds
of solid waste can such as medical waste and the cost of
recycling is so high.

27.  To sum up, there are 3 primary methods of solid waste
management, including land filling, incineration and recycling.
Each method owns distinguish strengths and weaknesses.
 It is better to combine these methods to gain the best utility.
 More than that, people should pay much attention to waste
management and spend more on waste industries.