The document provides information about an industrial attachment at Meghna Knit Composite Ltd's dyeing and finishing section. It includes details about the company background, buyers, physical infrastructure, management systems, processes in batching, dyeing lab, dyeing section, finishing section, quality assurance, and conclusions. Key processes discussed are batching, dyeing, quality testing procedures for colorfastness, dimensional stability, and machines used for dyeing and finishing. Requirements from major buyers like Next, H&M, Marks & Spencer are also summarized.
This document summarizes an experiment calculating the production capacity of a circular knitting machine. It provides equations for calculating the total fabric length, width, and production capacity based on machine parameters like diameter, gauge, speed, and fabric properties like weight and construction. When the equations are applied to a machine with a 23" diameter, 24 gauge, 35 RPM speed, and producing a 160 gsm plain single jersey fabric, the results show a production capacity of 63 meters of fabric per hour that is 1.33 meters wide, for a total production of 13.4 kg per hour or 107.2 kg per shift.
Mercerization physical andchemical changes in cottonAdane Nega
The document summarizes the process of mercerization of cotton, which was discovered and patented by British chemist John Mercer in the 1850s. When cotton fabric is treated with a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, it causes the cotton fibers to shrink. Later developments applied tension to the fabric during NaOH treatment to reduce shrinkage. By the 1890s, the process of mercerizing cotton yarn and fabric using tension had been commercialized. Mercerization causes physical and chemical changes in cotton fibers that increase their strength, luster, and dye absorption capacity.
Spirality and shrinkage are common problems in knitted fabrics that can be influenced by various factors. [1] Spirality occurs when wales are not perpendicular to courses and is affected by yarn twist, count, fabric structure, and machine settings. [2] Shrinkage is a decrease in length or width upon washing and is mainly due to yarn swelling; it can be impacted by GSM, stitch length, and fabric type. [3] The document discusses measuring and reducing spirality and shrinkage through parameters like yarn and fabric properties as well as processing methods.
This document provides 150 questions for textile engineers related to yarn production processes and machinery, fiber properties, quality control, and other textile topics. It begins with questions about the sequence of processes in yarn manufacturing from blow room to ring frame. Further questions cover production outputs at each stage, inputs and settings for machines, fiber properties like fineness and length, quality issues, and calculations related to count and other textile measurements. The document aims to prepare textile engineers for job interviews and assessments by testing their knowledge across the textile manufacturing process.
This document discusses a project report submitted by two students, Ariful Islam and Mazadul Hasan, on knit dyeing faults and remedies. The report was submitted to their professor Rajib Shaha at Southeast University to fulfill the requirements for their B.Sc. in Textile Engineering. The report acknowledges the support received from their university, supervising professor, and the management and staff at Knit Concern Ltd. where they completed their industrial training.
Raising is a mechanical process that uses revolving cylinders covered with metal points or abrasives to stand up the surface fibers of a fabric, creating a lofty texture. It is done on wet wool or dry cotton fabrics. Raising is used to create effects such as pile, fleece, peach skin, and a warmer, softer hand. There are two main types of raising machines - teasel raising machines and card wire raising machines. The two primary types of raising are napping, which uses metal wires to dig out fibers and create higher pile, and sueding, which uses abrasives like sandpaper for a lower, suede-like pile typically on silk fabrics.
Shrinkage finishing for cellulosic fabricsRajeev Sharan
The document discusses several techniques for providing shrink proof and durable press finishes to cellulosic fabrics, including ultra high pressure treatment, corona discharge treatment, foam finishing, zero/zero compressive shrinkage finishing, plasma processing, and nano-care finishing. These techniques can reduce shrinkage, improve wrinkle resistance, and increase the durability of finishes through mechanical or chemical means. The finishes provided by these techniques allow for end uses such as activewear, sportswear, uniforms, and home and commercial textiles.
This document summarizes an experiment calculating the production capacity of a circular knitting machine. It provides equations for calculating the total fabric length, width, and production capacity based on machine parameters like diameter, gauge, speed, and fabric properties like weight and construction. When the equations are applied to a machine with a 23" diameter, 24 gauge, 35 RPM speed, and producing a 160 gsm plain single jersey fabric, the results show a production capacity of 63 meters of fabric per hour that is 1.33 meters wide, for a total production of 13.4 kg per hour or 107.2 kg per shift.
Mercerization physical andchemical changes in cottonAdane Nega
The document summarizes the process of mercerization of cotton, which was discovered and patented by British chemist John Mercer in the 1850s. When cotton fabric is treated with a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, it causes the cotton fibers to shrink. Later developments applied tension to the fabric during NaOH treatment to reduce shrinkage. By the 1890s, the process of mercerizing cotton yarn and fabric using tension had been commercialized. Mercerization causes physical and chemical changes in cotton fibers that increase their strength, luster, and dye absorption capacity.
Spirality and shrinkage are common problems in knitted fabrics that can be influenced by various factors. [1] Spirality occurs when wales are not perpendicular to courses and is affected by yarn twist, count, fabric structure, and machine settings. [2] Shrinkage is a decrease in length or width upon washing and is mainly due to yarn swelling; it can be impacted by GSM, stitch length, and fabric type. [3] The document discusses measuring and reducing spirality and shrinkage through parameters like yarn and fabric properties as well as processing methods.
This document provides 150 questions for textile engineers related to yarn production processes and machinery, fiber properties, quality control, and other textile topics. It begins with questions about the sequence of processes in yarn manufacturing from blow room to ring frame. Further questions cover production outputs at each stage, inputs and settings for machines, fiber properties like fineness and length, quality issues, and calculations related to count and other textile measurements. The document aims to prepare textile engineers for job interviews and assessments by testing their knowledge across the textile manufacturing process.
This document discusses a project report submitted by two students, Ariful Islam and Mazadul Hasan, on knit dyeing faults and remedies. The report was submitted to their professor Rajib Shaha at Southeast University to fulfill the requirements for their B.Sc. in Textile Engineering. The report acknowledges the support received from their university, supervising professor, and the management and staff at Knit Concern Ltd. where they completed their industrial training.
Raising is a mechanical process that uses revolving cylinders covered with metal points or abrasives to stand up the surface fibers of a fabric, creating a lofty texture. It is done on wet wool or dry cotton fabrics. Raising is used to create effects such as pile, fleece, peach skin, and a warmer, softer hand. There are two main types of raising machines - teasel raising machines and card wire raising machines. The two primary types of raising are napping, which uses metal wires to dig out fibers and create higher pile, and sueding, which uses abrasives like sandpaper for a lower, suede-like pile typically on silk fabrics.
Shrinkage finishing for cellulosic fabricsRajeev Sharan
The document discusses several techniques for providing shrink proof and durable press finishes to cellulosic fabrics, including ultra high pressure treatment, corona discharge treatment, foam finishing, zero/zero compressive shrinkage finishing, plasma processing, and nano-care finishing. These techniques can reduce shrinkage, improve wrinkle resistance, and increase the durability of finishes through mechanical or chemical means. The finishes provided by these techniques allow for end uses such as activewear, sportswear, uniforms, and home and commercial textiles.
This document summarizes the process of yarn manufacturing from fibers through spinning. It describes how fibers are opened, cleaned and formed into laps in the blowroom. The laps then go through carding to be further cleaned and formed into slivers. Combing is used to straighten and parallelize fibers. Drawing drafts and blends slivers. Roving/Simplex frames draft and add twist to form rovings. Ring frames further draft and twist rovings to produce yarn, which is then wound onto bobbins. The key steps are blowroom, carding, combing or drawing, roving/Simplex frame, and ring frame spinning.
The document provides information about a compactor machine used to control fabric shrinkage. It summarizes the machine's functions, operating parameters, and components. Key points include:
1. The compactor machine compacts fabric in the lengthwise direction and provides overfeed to control shrinkage during processing with steam.
2. It lists the machine's functions such as improving hand feel, reducing thickness, and controlling shrinkage.
3. It describes the machine components and operating parameters like temperature, speed, and overfeed percentage for different fabric types.
4. Diagrams show the mechanism and fabric path through a blanket and tube compactor machine.
This document discusses different types of knitting machines and fabrics produced on them. It describes single jersey, pique, and fleece fabrics which are produced on single bed needle machines. Double knit machines have two beds of needles and can produce interlock, rib, and double jersey fabrics. Three thread fleece is made on fleece machines and has long loops on the back side, allowing for high brushing. Characteristics of two thread and three thread fleece fabrics are provided such as weight, yarn used, and fiber percentages. Common issues that can occur with fleece knitting and their remedies are also outlined.
Cropping and shearing of wool fabric involves removing protruding fibers from the fabric surface using blades. Shearing has been used since the 15th century and was originally done manually. It is preferred over singeing for wool and other protein fibers because singeing can form convolutes on fiber tips, giving the fabric a harsh feel and uneven shade. The shearing process uses a series of helical blades that cut fibers as the fabric passes beneath, with an additional vertical blade to shear the other side. Objectives of cropping include removing surface fibers, giving a cleaner appearance and controlling pill formation. Advantages are increased flame retardancy, aesthetic properties, and ability to produce effects like hairiness. Downsides include being slower and requiring
Garment washing is a process used to modify the appearance, comfort, and fashion of garments. There are various types of washes that produce different effects on fabrics, such as vintage, cloud, and acid washes. The type of wash depends on the product - for example, denim requires heavy enzyme washes while knit tees may only need a light softener wash. Common garment washing steps include a desizing process, washing with chemicals like detergent and enzymes, rinsing, drying, and quality checking. Washing introduces effects like fading and increases garment softness and comfort for customers.
This document discusses the relationship between gram per square meter (GSM), yarn count, stitch length, and fabric construction. It provides data on the GSM, yarn count, and stitch length of various knit fabrics including single jersey, interlock, rib fabrics, pique, fleece, and more. The conclusion emphasizes that GSM can vary according to yarn count for the same fabric type. Finished GSM, yarn count, and stitch length are interrelated and important specifications for knit fabric production.
This document summarizes the differences between feeder stripes, engineering stripes, and auto stripes in knitted fabrics. It explains that:
Feeder stripes are small repeating patterns less than 1.9 inches that can be produced on most circular knitting machines at low cost. Engineering stripes are large non-repeating patterns across the whole garment produced using special finger devices that increase costs. Auto stripes are repeating patterns greater than 1.9 inches that require computers and special finger machines, resulting in higher costs than feeder stripes. The document also discusses when auto stripes are needed over feeder stripes and the invention of multi-feeder machines to reduce auto stripe machine use.
This document discusses the importance and scope of fabric testing. It begins by explaining that textile fabrics are manufactured for different end uses, each with different performance requirements. Fabric testing plays a crucial role in assessing product quality, regulatory compliance, and performance. The document then discusses how fabric testing has expanded in scope due to increasing globalization and demands from consumers. It provides examples of different types of fabric tests, including physical, chemical, and performance tests. The document emphasizes that an understanding of fabric testing is important for various textile industry professionals to make informed decisions. In summary, the document outlines the wide-ranging role of fabric testing in evaluating textiles and ensuring they meet requirements for different applications.
(Sir Ashraful Alam) Full PDF Apparel Manufacturing I Sheet Part-1Md Rakibul Hassan
The document discusses the differences between tailoring and industrial methods of apparel manufacturing. Tailoring requires fewer machines and workers but more time per garment. It has lower costs but higher fabric wastage. Industrial manufacturing uses standardized body measurements, requires pattern grading and many machines/workers but produces garments more quickly at larger scales with less fabric wastage. The document then outlines the typical sequence of apparel manufacturing from receiving technical specifications to final inspection and shipping. It also defines several related terms.
Project Report on Study on the Effects of Sanforizing Machine on the Properti...Morshed Morshed
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Textile Engineering
Advance in Wet Processing Technology
1.5 kg/kg of sized yarn
This document provides information on textile calculations related to fibre fineness, yarn counts, conversions, and production calculations for various textile processes. Some key points include:
- Micronaire value, denier, and micron are units used to measure fibre fineness for cotton, man-made fibers, and wool respectively.
- There are indirect and direct systems for classifying yarn counts including English, French, metric, worsted, and tex/denier systems.
- Formulas are provided for calculating production rates for processes like blowroom, carding, drawframe, speedframe, ringframe, winding, and s
The compact spinning is a process where fiber strand drawn by drafting system is condensed before twisting it.Following methods are used by machine manufacturers to condense the fiber strand.
1. Aerodynamic condensing.
2. Mechanical condensing.
3. Magnetic condensing.
Compact spinning has a promising future because of the higher production and improved quality of compact yarns
The document discusses the Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS), which was developed to more accurately and precisely measure properties of raw textile materials like cotton. AFIS uses aeromechanical and electro-optical techniques to separate fibers and analyze them individually, providing distributions of properties rather than just average values. This gives more detailed information about factors like fiber length and imperfections. Specifically, AFIS can classify neps (entanglements) into fiber neps and seed coat neps, providing a more comprehensive quality assessment of ginning cotton and processed fibers.
The document discusses the dyeing process for knitted fabrics. It describes how knitted fabrics are commonly dyed using winch dyeing machines or jet dyeing machines in an exhaust method. It also discusses space dyeing of knitted fabrics to produce patterns. Key factors that affect the dyeing process are the dyeing temperature and common dyeing faults like cracks or creases that can occur. The document provides remedies for common dyeing faults encountered in knit dyeing.
This document provides information about various types of textile dyeing and finishing machinery. It begins by introducing the author and their credentials. It then provides an overview of different types of dyeing machines like package dyeing machines, winch dyeing machines, jet dyeing machines, and their basic working principles. It also describes machines used in other textile processes like hydro-extractors, dewatering machines, slitting machines, compactors, stenters, singeing and desizing ranges, and scouring and bleaching ranges. For each machine type, it mentions common brands and provides photos or diagrams along with key specifications and features.
This document provides information on chemicals used in various textile wet processing stages. It discusses chemicals used in pre-treatment processes like desizing, scouring, bleaching and mercerization. Specific chemicals are listed along with their functions in each process. The document also covers latest specialty chemicals used in pre-treatment like cracking agents, bleach processors and surfactants. Finally, it briefly introduces dyes and dyeing process.
The document provides an overview of the knit dyeing section of Knit Concern Limited (KCL). It describes the different sections within knit dyeing including grey fabric inspection, batching, planning, central laboratory, dyeing floor, finishing, and quality checking. It outlines the production process from receiving knitted fabric to dispatch. Key details provided include KCL's production capacity, manpower organization, responsibilities of production officers, and specifications of machines used in the various sections.
This presentation is my graduation internship presentation at BSL (LNJ group) Bhilwara (Rajasthan).
In this presentation I describe BSL company profile, Process significance, all steps which use for fibre to fabric in textile.
preparatory process in detail - The wet processing is a term that involves the mechanical and chemical treatment to improve the aesthetic value of the fabric, yarn, fiber.
Mihir Ranjon Das completed a two-month industrial internship at Niagara Textiles Ltd, a France-Bangladesh joint venture textile company. The report provides details of his experiences and observations in different sections of the company such as knitting, dyeing, finishing, quality control and utilities. It describes the production process and machinery used. It also discusses management systems, raw materials, maintenance procedures, social and environmental policies followed by the company. Overall, the internship helped Mihir gain practical knowledge of textile production processes and quality standards to complement his theoretical education.
Industrial attachment of m.s dyeing, printing & finishing ltd. by md omar...Rhymeles Hredoy
The document provides details about Mohammad Omar Faruk's internship at M.S Dyeing, Printing & Finishing Ltd., including:
- An introduction to the importance of practical, hands-on experience for an engineering student.
- Background on M.S Dyeing, Printing & Finishing Ltd., a composite knit fabrics and garments manufacturer located in Narayanganj.
- Outlines of the report contents which cover company profile, manpower, layout, raw materials, production, maintenance, utilities, inventory, cost analysis, and marketing.
This document summarizes the process of yarn manufacturing from fibers through spinning. It describes how fibers are opened, cleaned and formed into laps in the blowroom. The laps then go through carding to be further cleaned and formed into slivers. Combing is used to straighten and parallelize fibers. Drawing drafts and blends slivers. Roving/Simplex frames draft and add twist to form rovings. Ring frames further draft and twist rovings to produce yarn, which is then wound onto bobbins. The key steps are blowroom, carding, combing or drawing, roving/Simplex frame, and ring frame spinning.
The document provides information about a compactor machine used to control fabric shrinkage. It summarizes the machine's functions, operating parameters, and components. Key points include:
1. The compactor machine compacts fabric in the lengthwise direction and provides overfeed to control shrinkage during processing with steam.
2. It lists the machine's functions such as improving hand feel, reducing thickness, and controlling shrinkage.
3. It describes the machine components and operating parameters like temperature, speed, and overfeed percentage for different fabric types.
4. Diagrams show the mechanism and fabric path through a blanket and tube compactor machine.
This document discusses different types of knitting machines and fabrics produced on them. It describes single jersey, pique, and fleece fabrics which are produced on single bed needle machines. Double knit machines have two beds of needles and can produce interlock, rib, and double jersey fabrics. Three thread fleece is made on fleece machines and has long loops on the back side, allowing for high brushing. Characteristics of two thread and three thread fleece fabrics are provided such as weight, yarn used, and fiber percentages. Common issues that can occur with fleece knitting and their remedies are also outlined.
Cropping and shearing of wool fabric involves removing protruding fibers from the fabric surface using blades. Shearing has been used since the 15th century and was originally done manually. It is preferred over singeing for wool and other protein fibers because singeing can form convolutes on fiber tips, giving the fabric a harsh feel and uneven shade. The shearing process uses a series of helical blades that cut fibers as the fabric passes beneath, with an additional vertical blade to shear the other side. Objectives of cropping include removing surface fibers, giving a cleaner appearance and controlling pill formation. Advantages are increased flame retardancy, aesthetic properties, and ability to produce effects like hairiness. Downsides include being slower and requiring
Garment washing is a process used to modify the appearance, comfort, and fashion of garments. There are various types of washes that produce different effects on fabrics, such as vintage, cloud, and acid washes. The type of wash depends on the product - for example, denim requires heavy enzyme washes while knit tees may only need a light softener wash. Common garment washing steps include a desizing process, washing with chemicals like detergent and enzymes, rinsing, drying, and quality checking. Washing introduces effects like fading and increases garment softness and comfort for customers.
This document discusses the relationship between gram per square meter (GSM), yarn count, stitch length, and fabric construction. It provides data on the GSM, yarn count, and stitch length of various knit fabrics including single jersey, interlock, rib fabrics, pique, fleece, and more. The conclusion emphasizes that GSM can vary according to yarn count for the same fabric type. Finished GSM, yarn count, and stitch length are interrelated and important specifications for knit fabric production.
This document summarizes the differences between feeder stripes, engineering stripes, and auto stripes in knitted fabrics. It explains that:
Feeder stripes are small repeating patterns less than 1.9 inches that can be produced on most circular knitting machines at low cost. Engineering stripes are large non-repeating patterns across the whole garment produced using special finger devices that increase costs. Auto stripes are repeating patterns greater than 1.9 inches that require computers and special finger machines, resulting in higher costs than feeder stripes. The document also discusses when auto stripes are needed over feeder stripes and the invention of multi-feeder machines to reduce auto stripe machine use.
This document discusses the importance and scope of fabric testing. It begins by explaining that textile fabrics are manufactured for different end uses, each with different performance requirements. Fabric testing plays a crucial role in assessing product quality, regulatory compliance, and performance. The document then discusses how fabric testing has expanded in scope due to increasing globalization and demands from consumers. It provides examples of different types of fabric tests, including physical, chemical, and performance tests. The document emphasizes that an understanding of fabric testing is important for various textile industry professionals to make informed decisions. In summary, the document outlines the wide-ranging role of fabric testing in evaluating textiles and ensuring they meet requirements for different applications.
(Sir Ashraful Alam) Full PDF Apparel Manufacturing I Sheet Part-1Md Rakibul Hassan
The document discusses the differences between tailoring and industrial methods of apparel manufacturing. Tailoring requires fewer machines and workers but more time per garment. It has lower costs but higher fabric wastage. Industrial manufacturing uses standardized body measurements, requires pattern grading and many machines/workers but produces garments more quickly at larger scales with less fabric wastage. The document then outlines the typical sequence of apparel manufacturing from receiving technical specifications to final inspection and shipping. It also defines several related terms.
Project Report on Study on the Effects of Sanforizing Machine on the Properti...Morshed Morshed
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Textile Engineering
Advance in Wet Processing Technology
1.5 kg/kg of sized yarn
This document provides information on textile calculations related to fibre fineness, yarn counts, conversions, and production calculations for various textile processes. Some key points include:
- Micronaire value, denier, and micron are units used to measure fibre fineness for cotton, man-made fibers, and wool respectively.
- There are indirect and direct systems for classifying yarn counts including English, French, metric, worsted, and tex/denier systems.
- Formulas are provided for calculating production rates for processes like blowroom, carding, drawframe, speedframe, ringframe, winding, and s
The compact spinning is a process where fiber strand drawn by drafting system is condensed before twisting it.Following methods are used by machine manufacturers to condense the fiber strand.
1. Aerodynamic condensing.
2. Mechanical condensing.
3. Magnetic condensing.
Compact spinning has a promising future because of the higher production and improved quality of compact yarns
The document discusses the Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS), which was developed to more accurately and precisely measure properties of raw textile materials like cotton. AFIS uses aeromechanical and electro-optical techniques to separate fibers and analyze them individually, providing distributions of properties rather than just average values. This gives more detailed information about factors like fiber length and imperfections. Specifically, AFIS can classify neps (entanglements) into fiber neps and seed coat neps, providing a more comprehensive quality assessment of ginning cotton and processed fibers.
The document discusses the dyeing process for knitted fabrics. It describes how knitted fabrics are commonly dyed using winch dyeing machines or jet dyeing machines in an exhaust method. It also discusses space dyeing of knitted fabrics to produce patterns. Key factors that affect the dyeing process are the dyeing temperature and common dyeing faults like cracks or creases that can occur. The document provides remedies for common dyeing faults encountered in knit dyeing.
This document provides information about various types of textile dyeing and finishing machinery. It begins by introducing the author and their credentials. It then provides an overview of different types of dyeing machines like package dyeing machines, winch dyeing machines, jet dyeing machines, and their basic working principles. It also describes machines used in other textile processes like hydro-extractors, dewatering machines, slitting machines, compactors, stenters, singeing and desizing ranges, and scouring and bleaching ranges. For each machine type, it mentions common brands and provides photos or diagrams along with key specifications and features.
This document provides information on chemicals used in various textile wet processing stages. It discusses chemicals used in pre-treatment processes like desizing, scouring, bleaching and mercerization. Specific chemicals are listed along with their functions in each process. The document also covers latest specialty chemicals used in pre-treatment like cracking agents, bleach processors and surfactants. Finally, it briefly introduces dyes and dyeing process.
The document provides an overview of the knit dyeing section of Knit Concern Limited (KCL). It describes the different sections within knit dyeing including grey fabric inspection, batching, planning, central laboratory, dyeing floor, finishing, and quality checking. It outlines the production process from receiving knitted fabric to dispatch. Key details provided include KCL's production capacity, manpower organization, responsibilities of production officers, and specifications of machines used in the various sections.
This presentation is my graduation internship presentation at BSL (LNJ group) Bhilwara (Rajasthan).
In this presentation I describe BSL company profile, Process significance, all steps which use for fibre to fabric in textile.
preparatory process in detail - The wet processing is a term that involves the mechanical and chemical treatment to improve the aesthetic value of the fabric, yarn, fiber.
Mihir Ranjon Das completed a two-month industrial internship at Niagara Textiles Ltd, a France-Bangladesh joint venture textile company. The report provides details of his experiences and observations in different sections of the company such as knitting, dyeing, finishing, quality control and utilities. It describes the production process and machinery used. It also discusses management systems, raw materials, maintenance procedures, social and environmental policies followed by the company. Overall, the internship helped Mihir gain practical knowledge of textile production processes and quality standards to complement his theoretical education.
Industrial attachment of m.s dyeing, printing & finishing ltd. by md omar...Rhymeles Hredoy
The document provides details about Mohammad Omar Faruk's internship at M.S Dyeing, Printing & Finishing Ltd., including:
- An introduction to the importance of practical, hands-on experience for an engineering student.
- Background on M.S Dyeing, Printing & Finishing Ltd., a composite knit fabrics and garments manufacturer located in Narayanganj.
- Outlines of the report contents which cover company profile, manpower, layout, raw materials, production, maintenance, utilities, inventory, cost analysis, and marketing.
This document provides information about an industrial training report completed at Meghna Knit Composite Ltd. in Gazipur, Bangladesh. It includes a declaration signed by the trainees, Md. Shamsul Haque and Ripon Kumer Ghos. It also includes dedications to those who supported the trainees. The report then provides acknowledgements and thanks to the supervisor and others who helped with the training. Finally, the report outlines the executive summary and provides details about Meghna Knit Composite Ltd., including the factory layout and information, production process details from the sample, CAD, cutting, and sewing sections.
The document discusses various types of softeners used in finishing cotton knitted goods. It introduces cationic, anionic, silicone, non-ionic, and amphoteric softeners. For cationic softeners, it describes the chemistry and provides examples like quaternary ammonium salts, imidazolines, and N-dimethyl ammonium chloride. It also discusses the properties, advantages, applications, and manufacturing processes of different softener types. The goal is to study the character, pH, and application processes of various softeners in cotton knitted good finishing.
The document provides an overview of Square Knit Fabrics Limited (SKFL), a knit fabric manufacturing factory in Bangladesh. It discusses SKFL's vision, history, facilities, departments, products, capacities, and raw materials. Key points:
- SKFL is part of the Square Group and manufactures knit fabrics for export garments. It began production in 2002 and has over 1,100 employees.
- The factory's goal is to be a one-stop source for global knit apparel. It uses advanced technology and emphasizes developing human resources.
- SKFL produces a variety of knit fabrics from yarns sourced locally and internationally. It has dyeing, knitting,
Interstoff Apparels Ltd. is a 100% export-oriented knit dyeing and finishing mill located in Gazipur, Bangladesh. It was established in 2003 as a joint venture between Bangladeshi and UK investors. The mill has a production capacity of 2-3 tons of knitting, 10-12 tons of dyeing, and 12-15 tons of finishing per day. It employs over 2,000 people and exports products to major brands such as Marks & Spencer, Tesco, and Esprit. The document provides details on the mill's facilities, machinery, production processes, and raw materials.
This document provides information about an industrial training at Biswas Synthetic Ltd, a textile company in Bangladesh. It includes details about the company profile, various production sections like knitting, dyeing, finishing, and quality control. The knitting section describes the different types of knitting processes, primary knitting elements, and end products produced on single jersey circular knitting machines.
Mill training report (viyellatex), Dyeing- Md, Rafsan JanyMd. Rafsan Jany
Viyellatex Group is a leading knit composite garments manufacturer and exporter located in Gazipur, Bangladesh. It has various production sections including knitting, dyeing, cutting, sewing, and finishing. The company produces a variety of fabrics for major international brands. It prioritizes worker welfare, environmental sustainability, and corporate social responsibility. Viyellatex has received recognition for its green initiatives such as water recycling, rainwater harvesting, and energy efficiency practices.
Softening agents are applied to textiles to improve their hand, drape, cutting and sewing qualities. An effective softener must be readily dispersible in rinse water and rapidly absorbed so that uniform deposition on the fabric can occur within a relatively short treatment time and generally, exhaustion should take place in about 5min for the softener to be effective and economically usable. It must impart softness, fluffiness and lubricity to the treated cloth and reduce static build-up, especially in the case of hydrophobic fibers like cellulose acetate, nylon, polyester and acrylic fibers. These effects should be obtained without the loss of fabric whiteness or brightness, and then the treated fabric should retain its ability to absorb in subsequent use for drying the body (bath towels) or other surfaces. Fabric softener (also called fabric conditioner) is used to prevent static cling and make fabric softer. It is available as a liquid or as dryer sheets. Popular brand names include Downy (Lenor), Snuggle, Bounce, Comfort and Sta-Soft.I believe that, the knowledge of this report will help future carrier of every textile engineer.
Garment dyeing is the cost effectiveness of mass producing identical garments of particular colors.Garment dyeing is the process of dyeing fully fashioned garments (such as pants, pullovers, t-shirts, jeans, sweaters, dresses, bathrobes, casual jackets, shirts, skirts, hosieries) subsequent to manufacturing, as opposed to the conventional method of manufacturing garments from pre-dyed fabrics. A major drawback with this approach is the risk associated with carrying a large inventory of a particular style or color in today's dynamic market. Garment dyeing has been slowly emerging as a process to meet the ephemeral fashion trends adopted by the consumers and new machines and methods have made this process to wear a brighter future for it.The advantage of this process is the cost effectiveness of mass producing identical garments of particular colors.
Quick Response to the market (bar coding etc.,)
Ability to supply a wide range of colorations to the retailer, but only in the shades that are selling
Reduced discounted sales at inventory
Best way to achieved relaxed, casual look .Ability to create special effects such as tie dyed, pigment dyed and washed down in a single process etc.,
A major drawback with this approach is the risk associated with carrying a large inventory of a particular style or color in today's dynamic market.
Traditionally,
A project report on training and development in bst textile pvt. ltdProjects Kart
The document provides an introduction to BST Textiles, an Indian textile company. It outlines the company profile including location, products, machinery used, sales and marketing approach, and quality assurance measures. It then discusses the objectives, scope, and categorization of employees at BST Textiles. Finally, it outlines the organizational structure of BST Textiles and introduces the key leadership positions.
project report on welspun textile LALIT MORYANI ,POSWAL JITENDRAposwal_jitendra
The document is an industrial visit report on Welspun India Ltd, a textile company. It provides background on Welspun, including that it was incorporated in 1985 and is the largest producer of terry towels in Asia. It also details Welspun's production processes, departments like manufacturing, purchasing, and human resources. It discusses the company's expansion plans, including setting up a new plant and increasing towel production capacity. Finally, it provides an overview of the Indian textile industry and Welspun's position as a leading global textiles supplier.
The document provides information about Auko-Tex Group, which is a 100% export-oriented knit composite garments manufacturer established in 2002. The company aims to reach the zenith of the garment sector in Bangladesh with a philosophy of corporate sustainability. It details the company's vision, mission, values and strategies around economic, social and environmental sustainability. It also provides information on its factory setup and various production departments including fabric knitting, dyeing, printing, sewing and quality control.
Cotton is a soft fiber that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant, a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Cotton fibers are composed of nearly pure cellulose arranged in a unique structure that makes the fibers strong, durable, and absorbent. Cotton has been cultivated and used for cloth production for thousands of years in India, Mexico, and other regions. Modern cotton production relies on mechanization and selective breeding to produce higher yields from cotton varieties suited to different growing conditions around the world. The largest cotton producers currently include India, China, United States, Pakistan, Brazil and Uzbekistan.
Each colour of disperse dyes requires different raw materials. Because the range of colours is very large each colour has its own manufacturing process. The difference in the processes is primarily in the reaction period.
Industrial Attachment Report at ZIMVET Laboratory (Irvines Zimbabwe), August ...Joseph Kunashe Ndondo
An Industrial Attachment Report compiled and submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science Honours degree in Applied Biology and Biochemistry
The document discusses Then Airflow dyeing machines. It describes how the machines utilize air instead of water to transport fabric through the dyeing process, allowing for extremely low liquor ratios. Key advantages include significant reductions in water, energy, and chemical consumption compared to conventional dyeing machines. The machines can dye a wide range of fabrics efficiently and produce high quality results.
The document provides details about an industrial training report submitted by students from the Department of Textile Technology at AUST. It was conducted at Dalas Fashion Ltd, a knit dyeing factory in Bangladesh. The report includes sections on the company profile, manpower management, machines used, raw materials, production processes, quality control, maintenance, utilities and costs. It aims to provide an overview of the factory's operations during the students' two-month long industrial training placement.
This document is an internship report submitted by Md. Sazzad Hossain on their internship at S.B Knitting Ltd. It discusses the company's profile, various departments including merchandising, production, commercial, human resources and compliance. It provides details on the production process involving sample production, pattern making, cutting, sewing and finishing. It also discusses supply chain management, relevant associations such as BGMEA and regulatory frameworks such as social compliance procurement. The report aims to cover all aspects of management and technical procedures at S.B Knitting Ltd.
This document provides an overview of Square Knit Fabrics Ltd (SKFL), including its location, departments, production capacities, certifications and achievements. SKFL has dyeing, knitting, finishing, quality control and R&D departments. It uses 66 knitting machines including circular and flat bed machines. Daily production capacity is 18-20 tons for knitting and 24 tons for dyeing. SKFL has received awards for being labor friendly and environmental standards. It is ISO and Oeko-Tex certified.
Routine maintenance such as cleaning filters and checking equipment is performed weekly. The pH meter and blower meter are calibrated every 4 months. Every 2 years, more extensive maintenance is carried out like greasing bearings and changing pump oils to replace worn parts. Performing maintenance according to this schedule helps ensure the wastewater treatment plant operates efficiently.
This document provides information about Montex Fabrics Ltd, a 100% export oriented composite knit industry in Bangladesh. Some key details:
- The factory was established in 2000 in Gazipur with an investment of 70 crore taka and has certifications including ISO 9001:2000.
- It produces basic t-shirts, sweaters, and other knitwear and garments for export with a production capacity of 7 tons/day for knitting and 70,000 pieces/day for sewing.
- The factory has over 6000 employees across its knitting, dyeing, finishing, printing and other sections. It aims to provide quality products on time to satisfy customers.
The document is a presentation on a study of operations and maintenance at Esquire Knit Composite Ltd, a leading garment manufacturer in Bangladesh. It covers the company overview, utilities, dyeing, finishing, sewing, and effluent treatment processes. It also discusses problems found, solutions, and recommendations. The presentation contains diagrams of the facilities and processes to explain the utility systems, dyeing machines, finishing equipment, sewing lines, and ETP plant.
1. This document provides information on the finishing process and organizational structure of Fariha Knit Tex Ltd, including job descriptions for managers and supervisors.
2. It outlines the finishing process flow chart and lists the required and existing positions in the dyeing and finishing section, with variances.
3. The job responsibilities of key managers - the AGM, two senior managers, and three assistant managers - are described in detail, focusing on production planning and monitoring, quality control, and ensuring on-time delivery.
Yarn printing is also known as “Space Dyeing”. Although the printing of yarns for true patterned effects proved very difficult tom control, the random space-dyed effects that can be more readily attained by a variety of yarn-printing methods have continued to be popular. The patent literature abounds with systems for producing colored flecked effects on yarns but the two most successful methods entail either warp printing or color application to a tubular knitted ‘sock’. The essential process sequence begins with dye liquor application, followed by steam fixation, washing-off and drying .
This document provides information about an industrial attachment at Square Fashions Ltd., a textile factory in Bangladesh, completed by four students from Bangladesh University of Textiles. It includes details about Square Fashions such as its establishment, production capacity, departments, manpower organization, shift changes, knitting section layout and machines. It also summarizes the dyeing, finishing, quality control, utility and effluent treatment processes at the factory.
This presentation summarizes industrial training at Envoy Textiles Limited, a leading denim fabric producer in Bangladesh. It describes Envoy's production processes from raw materials through dyeing, weaving, finishing and quality control. Key points include Envoy's state-of-the-art machinery and LEED platinum certification. Research and development aims to improve quality and reduce waste. Utilities like power, water and an effluent treatment plant support production.
The document is an internship report submitted by students of Dawood University of Engineering and Technology about their internship at Yunus Textile Mills Ltd. It includes an overview of YTM, descriptions of its departments like spinning, weaving, processing and stitching. It also details the processes in weaving department and provides data on machines and production rates. The students' task was to reduce downtime during changeovers in three printing machines and they collected data on current changeover times and identified areas for improvement.
AKH Knitting & Dyeing Ltd. is a garment manufacturing and exporting company located in Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. It has an estimated project value of $9 million USD and produces knitted garments. The company is a private limited company managed by an executive board and exports to international markets in Europe and North America. It has all necessary certifications and licenses to operate as an export-oriented garment factory in Bangladesh.
This document provides a summary of an apparel internship at Orient Craft Limited, a garment manufacturing company. It describes the company profile and various departments involved in production planning and quality control. It then discusses three specific production lines that were having issues with alterations. For each line, it identifies the problem causing alterations, the time and cost of alterations, and the solution implemented to reduce defects and alterations. These solutions included using specialized equipment, adding training, and modifying sewing techniques. Data is presented showing reductions in the number of alterations on each line after implementing the recommended changes.
This document provides information about Interstoff Apparels Ltd., a garment manufacturing company in Bangladesh. It discusses the company profile, including its name, business type, employees, and address. It also describes the knitting, quality control, dyeing, and project work sections of the company. The knitting section details the types of yarns, knitting machines, production calculations, and common knitting faults. The quality control section lists inspection equipment. The dyeing section outlines the dyeing process and possible faults. The project work section explains common knitting defects and their causes and remedies.
Industrial attachment at Impress Newtex Composite Textiles Limited.pptxEmranKabirSubarno
The document provides information about an industrial attachment presentation at Impress-Newtex Composite Textiles Ltd. It includes a company profile detailing the manufacturer's products, facilities, certifications, and buyers. It also describes various departments within the factory including knitting, dyeing, washing, printing, and cutting. Charts outline the processes and machinery used in each section. Potential faults are listed for garment washing. Formulas for industrial engineering calculations of standard minute value, capacity, and line productivity are also included.
The document is an internship report submitted by students of Dawood University of Engineering and Technology summarizing their internship at Yunus Textiles Mills. It includes an overview of Yunus Textiles Mills and its various departments, including spinning, weaving, processing and stitching. It also describes the students' tasks during the internship, which included collecting data to analyze downtime during changeover activities at various rotary printing machines and identifying ways to reduce changeover times.
Md. Mizanur Rahman presented a Finishing Manual for Chaity Composite Ltd. The manual contains information on finishing processes, machine details, responsibilities of finishing department staff, standard operating procedures, quality management, and more. It aims to improve quality and productivity through modern technology while meeting international standards. Chaity Composite is one of the largest textile finishing companies in Bangladesh utilizing advanced technology.
This document provides information about Fariha Knit Tex Ltd's fabrics finishing process and organizational structure.
It includes a flow chart of the finishing process, organizational charts showing the structure of different dyeing and finishing departments, and job responsibilities for various managerial positions.
The job responsibilities focus on ensuring production targets are met, quality standards are maintained, safety procedures are followed, wastage is reduced, and on-time deliveries are made with the right quality to customers.
This document provides information about the author's summer training at AYM Syntex Ltd in Palghar, Mumbai. It includes:
1) An acknowledgement thanking the institute and company for providing training opportunities and support.
2) A profile of AYM Syntex Ltd describing it as a leading manufacturer of specialty synthetic yarns established in 1985.
3) Details of the company's production processes including texturizing, twisting, dyeing, and applications of their yarns.
4) An overview of the dyeing process and equipment used including dyeing machines, hydro extractors, and fastness testing procedures.
This document provides information about the author's summer training at AYM Syntex Ltd in Palghar, Mumbai. It includes:
1) An acknowledgement thanking the institute and company for providing training opportunities and support.
2) A profile of AYM Syntex Ltd describing it as a leading manufacturer of specialty synthetic yarns established in 1985 with facilities in Silvassa and Palghar.
3) An overview of the company's textile yarn production processes including twisting, texturizing, dyeing and their various machine capabilities.
The document provides details about Sudhan Halder's internship report at Masco Group. It includes an acknowledgement, table of contents, and introduction to Masco Group which discusses the company's history, profile, management, locations, nature of projects, quality certifications, buyers, export countries, and factory features regarding social compliance. The report appears to provide information gathered during Sudhan Halder's internship at Masco Group across various production departments including knitting, dyeing, cutting, printing, embroidery, sewing, finishing, sample, commercial, and merchandising.
Fabric wastage and sewing fault analysisRumman Samrat
This document is a project report submitted by three students to their professor. It discusses fabric wastage and sewing faults at a knitwear production company. The report includes an introduction, objectives, acknowledgments, abstract, and table of contents. It then analyzes fabric wastage at different stages of production and recommends ways to reduce wastage. It also examines common sewing faults, their causes, and proposed remedies. Finally, it calculates the production impact of sewing faults.
Similar to Industrial report on dyeing-finishing section MKCL (20)
Industrial report on dyeing-finishing section MKCL
1. Report on
Industrial Attachment of dyeing & finishing section
At MEGHNA KNIT COMPOSITE LTD.
Prepared by
NAME DESIGNATION DEPARTMENT MOBILE NO
MD. SIRAJUL HAQUE SAJIB Executive Dyeing finishing 01798035354
SHEK SADI Executive Dyeing finishing 01681714038
MOHAMMAD AL IMRAN Executive Dyeing finishing 01682608036
Submitted to:
MD. AMINUL ISLAM
B.Sc. in Textile Engineering (DU), MBA (IIUC)
Manager (Dyeing Finishing), MKC
Aminul28_tex@yahoo.com
Mobile no: 01758563556, 01912527128
2. Page | 2
CONTENTS
Sl. No Content Pg. No
01. General information 03
02. Buyers 04
03. Physical infrastructure and organogram 05
04. Management system 06
05. Batching 07
06. Dyeing lab 08
07. Dyeing section 14
08. Dyeing curve of several dyeing process 17
09. Finishing section (Production and QC) 25
10. Quality Assurance system 29
11. Conclusion 32
3. Page | 3
General information about MKC
Name of the Company Meghna Knit Composite Ltd.
Type 100 % Export Oriented Composite
knitwear Industry
Factory Address: Gilarchala, Sreepur, Gazipur,
Bangladesh.
Contact No +880-2-9854591-6
E-mail Address all@meghnaknit.com.bd
Year of Establishment 2006
Business 100% export oriented knit fabrics
manufacture & readymade knit
garments exporter
Products Knit Fabrics & Knit Garments
No. Of employees (dyeing & finishing) 415
Legal Form of Company Private Limited Company.
Product mix
01. Single jersey
02. Lycra single jersey
03. Terry
04. Fleece
05. 1X1 Rib
06. 2X1 Rib
07. 2X2 Rib
08. 5X2 Rib
09. Interlock(Waffle)
10. Design S/J
Fabric quality
01. 100% Cotton
02. Modal Cotton –
03. Organic Cotton (Bio Cotton)
04. PIMA Cotton
05. CVC
4. Page | 4
06. PC
07. 100% Viscose
08. Cotton Lycra
09. Grey Mélange
10. Ecru Mélange
11. Cotton slub
12. Yarn dyed
13. Organic slub
Buyers
Serial no Name of buyers Origin
01 Next United Kingdom
02 H&M Sweden
03 Marks & spencer(M&S) United Kingdom
04 Peek & Cloppenberg(P&C) Germany
05 Tesco PLC England
06 Cubus Norway
07 Mayoral United kingdom
08 Dressmann Norway
09 C&A Belgium
10 Decathlon France
11 RBSR BD
12 Multi Fabs BD
13 Park scene BD
14 Cross line BD
15 Shad fashion BD
16 Jumer Fashion BD
17 LC Waikiki Turkey
5. Page | 5
Physical Infrastructure
Organogram of Dyeing and Finishing section
MKC
Knitiing
Dyeing & Finsishing
Production
Q.C
Garments
Admin
Maintenence
Marketing &
merchandizing
GENERAL MANAGER
PRODUCTION (01)
AGM
PRODUCTION (01)
DYEING &FINISHING MANAGER(01)
Lab(AM & DM)
Batch(AM)
Dyeing(DM)
Finishing(AM)
Quality(Sr.Executive)
6. Page | 6
Management System
In MKC all the necessary administrative decisions are given my Managing
Director which are rendered to all other officers by Executive Director and
Technical Director. All the Management officials and staffs are highly skilled
and dedicated to their work. So the management system of MKC is work
efficient and regular.
Shift Change:
The industry has three shifts. They are:
1. Shift 01 Duration: 8 Hours.
2. Shift 02 Duration: 8 Hours.
3. Shift 03 Duration: 8 Hours.
Workers get one-hour break time. Shift change depends on the work order
and production. There is a supervisor in every shift who takes the working
activities & understands his responsibilities from previous supervisor during
shift change.
Responsibilities of Production Officer:
The responsibility of a Senior Production Officer / Production Officer is to
control and supervise processes. They are also responsible to maintain a
healthy working environment and maintain good relation with superior
management officials and with the workers. It is a responsibility of a Senior
Production Officer / Production Officer to achieve target production in
required time. When any fault or defects is found in product, the blame goes to
Senior Production Officer / Production Officer. A Senior Production Officer /
Production Officer must find ways to minimize overhead expenditures and
also try to make a batch more profitable. Being in-charge of the floor it is his
responsibility that the production process is efficient and smooth.
7. Page | 7
Batching
Batching is the receiving section of grey fabric and sending section of grey
fabric to the dyeing section which will dye. Batching is the process to get
ready the fabrics which should be dyed and processed for a particular lot of a
particular order.
Two types of Batching:
1. Solid
2. Assort
Batch contains body of garments as well as collar-cuffs according to the
design.
Required Quantity =
𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦
× 𝐷𝑖𝑎 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦
For Solid batch only the fabrics of same diameter along with the collar/cuffs
will be considered. For Assort the fabrics of all diameters along with the
collar/cuffs will be considered.
Machine Used In the Batching Section
M/C Name: Air Turning Machine
No of M/C: 02
Company: DONGNAM Industrial Co., LTD. South Korea
M/C Name: Bag Sewing Machine
No of M/C: 02
Company: Hsing Cheng, Taiwan
8. Page | 8
Dyeing Lab
SL
No.
Machine Name Manufacturer Name Remarks
01. GyroWash James heal, UK
Washing
Machine
02. Wascator Electrolux, Sweden
03. Wascator Electrolux, Sweden
04. Dyna Wash James heal, UK
05. Siemens Siemens, Turkey
06. Electrolux Tumble Dryer Electrolux, Sewden
Dryer07. Acudryer James heal, UK
09. Whirlpool Tumble Dryer USA
10. GSM Cutter Made in Bangladesh
11. Sewing M/C Single Needle
12. Sewing M/C Over lock
13. Shrinkage Template SDL, UK
14. Shrinkage Ruler SDL, UK
15. Incubator SDL, UK
16. Perspirometer (ISO &
AATCC)
SDL, UK
17. Solution Stirrer Made in Korea
18. PH meter USA
19. Orbital Shaker (PH) Germany
20. Crocking Meter SDL, UK
21. Tru Burst James heal, UK
22. Titan James heal, UK
23. Orbitor Pilling M/C James heal, UK
24. Vervide Light Box Verivide, UK
25. Pilling Assessment
Viewer
James heal, UK
26. Pilling Assessment
Viewer
James heal, UK
27. Digital Weight Scale Ohaus, USA
28. Data Color China
29. IR dryer lab dyeing China
30. Ahiba lab dyeing USA
31. Mathis lab dyeing Switzerland
32. Water Heater Local
9. Page | 9
Colorfastness to Rubbing
Test Specimen
Two pieces not less than 14cm × 5cm are required for dry rubbing and two for
wet rubbing. One specimen of each pair shall have the long direction parallel to
the wales (length) and the other parallel to the courses (width).
Test Procedure:
A. Dry rubbing
01. Lock the test specimen onto the base of the crock meter. The length or
width direction of the test specimen should be parallel to the direction in
which the rubbing is to be conducted.
02. Set a 5cm×5cm rubbing cloth on the figure of the crock meter by using
spiral clip. The weave of the test cloth should be parallel to the direction of
rubbing.
03. Lower the covered finger onto the test sample & make ten complete turns
of the crank, at the rate of one turn per second.
04. Remove rubbing cloth from the finger evaluate it for staining using grey
scale under standard light source (D65).
05. One test is done for lengthwise & another for widthwise.
B. Wet rubbing
01. All the process same as dry rubbing here rubbing cloth needs to be wetted
in distilled water& ensure 100% water take up (i.e. 1 gm. fabric weight
increased to 2.0 gm. after wetting).
02. Air dries the rubbing cloth at room temperature before evaluation.
Buyer’s Requirement
Buyer Dry Rubbing Wet Rubbing
CUBUS 4(3-4) 2
H & M 4 2-3
Next 4 N/A
C & A 4(3) 3-4(2)
Tesco 4 3
10. Page | 10
Colorfastness to Wash
Test Specimen
Cut out a specimen of 10 cm × 4 cm and make sure all colors are included in it.
Sew it along all four edges with the same size of multi-fiber fabric.
Test Procedure (Method Followed: ISO 105 C06 B2S)
1. Put the test specimen in a solution of 4g/L ECE Detergent & 1 g/L
Sodium Per borate with 25 steel balls at a ratio 1:50 and treated for 30
minutes at 500C.
2. Then Wash with distilled water for 1 minute.
3. Then wash with tap water for 1 minute.
4. Then dry in normal air.
5. Assess the change in shade & degree of staining with grey scale.
Buyer Requirement
Buyer Grading Washing
CC, CS
4, 4-5
CUBUS
Color
Staining
AC 3-4
Next CO 4.0
H & M NY 3.4
C & A PO 3.4
TESCO AC 4
Wo
Color Fastness to Perspiration
Test Specimen
Cut out a specimen of 10 cm × 4 cm and make sure all colors are included in it.
Sew it along all four edges with the same size of multi-fiber fabric.
11. Page | 11
Reagent
Name Alkali Acid
l-Histidine mono-hydrochloric mono-hydrate
(C6H9O2N3HCl.H2O)
0.5 gm 0.5 gm
Sodium Chloride 5.0 gm 5.0 gm
Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate dihydrate
(Na2HPO4.2H2O)
2.5 gm 2.2 gm
Distilled Water 1000
ml
1000
ml
PH ( Adjust with 0.1N NaOH) 8.0 5.5
Test Procedure (Method Followed: ISO 105 E04: 1994)
1. Wet out the test specimen in perspiration solution at room temperature
, liquor ratio 1:50 and leave for 30 minutes
2. Pour off excess solution and place this composite test specimen
between two arylic plates under a pressure of 12.5 kPa and then place
in an oven for 4 hours at 37±20C.
3. Remove the specimen and hang to dry in warm air not exceeding 600C.
4. Evalute with grey scale.
Buyer Requirement
Buyer Grading Washing
CC, CS
3-4, 4-5
Acid Alkali
CUBUS
Color
Staining
AC 4
Next CO N/A
H & M NY 3.4
C & A PO 3.4
TESCO AC -
12. Page | 12
Dimensional Stability to Washing
Test Specimen
The minimum size for a stability square is 50 x 50cm. testing on smaller pieces
is not acceptable. Lay the fabric to relax for 4 hours on a bench in ambient
conditions so that it is smooth and tension free. Do not use the fabric within
5cm of the selvedge. Place the template on the fabric with the side of
the template parallel to the length (warp) direction. Mark the three width and
length marks in pairs 35cm apart, (see additional notes below for different
fabric types). Draw around the edge of the template, do not round off the
corners.
Draw an arrow outside the measurement area, to denote the length (warp)
direction prior to cutting from the main piece.
Template
Test Procedure
01. After 4 hours conditioning mark the fabric with template for both
(border to border & hole to hole).
02. Sew it along 3 side & one side is kept open in length side.
03. Treated with 25g/L Persil for 40 minute at buyer recommended
temperature.
13. Page | 13
04. Line dry.
05. Condition for 4 hours.
06. Measure (distance form hole to hole measured and average is taken).
Buyer requirements
Buyer Dimensional Stability to Washing (%)
Length (%) Width (%) Spirality
(%)
CUBUS ±5 ±5 ≤5
NEXT S/J (-6), Rib (L-6 & W-8), Fleece (L-6 & W-8), Other Ly.(
L&W-5), Lycra S/J (L&W = -6)
≤5
H&M ±5 ±5 General ≤5
& Trouser
≤8
C&A -6.0, +2.0 -6.0, +2.0 Maximum 5
TESCO -7, +1 -9, +1 5
24. Page | 24
Bio-Polishing
After-treatment
Neutralization
Acetic-Acid = 400C × 20 Min
Soaping (Depend on Shade)
Soaping –RD = 900C × 10 Min
Fixing (If Required)
Fixing – ECO = 400C × 20 Min
A. Acid (600
C × 10min)
Peroxide Killer – SAP
(450
C × 15 Min)
Acid + Enzyme
(550
C × 1hr)
700
C × 10’
25. Page | 25
Finishing section (Production and QC)
List of machines in finishing section (production & Quality)
M/C#01: Slitting m/c
Brand: Bianco
Origin: Italy
No of m/cs: 03
Specification: Padder pressure up to 80 meter/min
Functions:
01. Open tubular fabric
02. Application of finishing chemicals in padder
03. Squeezing of excess water from fabric
M/C#02: Stenter machine
No of m/c: 3
Brand: Bruckner
Origin: Germany
Specification:
01. Bruckner 01: Chember-06
Blower-24
Burner-12
02. Bruckner02: Chember-08
Blower-32
Burner-16
03. Hasgroup03(TTM): Chember-08
26. Page | 26
Blower-32
Burner-16
Functions of stenter m/c:
01. Heat setting
02. Drying
03. GSM control
04. Fabric width control
05. Dimensional stability
06. Application of softener
07. Chemical curing
08. Skew and bow control
09. Weft straightening
Parameters:
01. Temperature (can be raised up to 210 degree Celsius)
02. Time
03. Machine speed
04. Overfeed
05. Width of the fabric
06. GSM of the fabric
07. Padder pressure
M/C#3: Compactor machine
No of m/c: 02
Brand: Lafer
Origin: Italy
Functions of compactor m/c:
01. Shrinkage control
02. GSM control
03. Fabric width control
04. Dimensional stability
27. Page | 27
05. Calendaring/ironing
Parameters:
01. Temperature (can be raised up to 210 degree Celsius)
02. Time
03. Machine speed
04. Overfeed
05. Width of the fabric
06. GSM of the fabric
M/C#4: Fabric inspection table
No of m/c: 04
Brand: UZu
Origin: Thailand
Functions of fabric inspection m/c:
01. Faults identification
02. Width checking
03. Shade matching
04. Final checking before sending to cutting
28. Page | 28
Parts of machine to be maintained used in dyeing & finishing section
Mechanical:
01. Line clean m/c
02. Lubrication
03. Air pressure
04. All belt
05. Bearing
06. Gearbox
Electrical:
01. Inverter
02. Motor
03. Fabric lamp
04. Panel board
05. Auto stopper
06. Wearing and fuse
07. Electrical safety
08. PLC card
09. Circuit breaker
29. Page | 29
QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM
After collecting fabric rolls from different m/cs, they are inspected or assured
required quality by the quality inspectors as if there were no big production
hampered and no complain from the buyers. Here are the details about it.
The quality assurance department is assigned to maintain consistently
uniform quality of the material in process & various stages of its
manufacturing.
Objects of quality control
01. Process control
02. Process development
03. Product testing
In Dyeing section:
01.After approval from the buyer, sample dyeing is done in dyeing
m/c, in dyeing shed & again matched with the approved sample.
02. If result is OK, then balk production is commenced.
03.During dyeing process, before the final acid wash, samples are taken
and checked for accurate shade matching.
04.After dyeing sample is collected & matching is done.
05.Rubbing and wash fastness tests are carried out.
In finishing section:
01.Correctly dyed, after treated & matched fabrics are allowed for
finishing.
02.By using a series of finishing machines correct width, softness &
appearance are maintained according to requirements.
03. Then sampling is done several times to test GSM, Shrinkage & fastness
properties.
04.Finally, fabric is inspected & prepared for delivery.
30. Page | 30
Quality is specified on the basis of 4-points system
Here is the point distribution for different kinds fault in this system:
Up to 3” in length: 1 point
3” to 6” in length: 2 point
6” to 9” in length: 3 point
Over 9” in length: 4 point
Quality pts. / Per 100 square meter= 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡×𝐺𝑆𝑀/( Roll weigth×10)
Shade check:
The shade achieved is to be checked several times while in process & at
finished state to ensure the customers demand under recommended light
source. Generally, the shade is checked at the following stage
-After dyeing
-After drying
-After trial for finishing
-After finishing
Grey Fabric Faults:
01.Hole
02.Barrie mark
03.Oil spot
04.Contamination of foreign particles
05.Bowing in case of stripe fabrics
06.Inadequate pressing
07.Unwanted marks on fabric
08.Pin holes
09.Sanforize pucker
10.Pressing producing shine on fabric
11.Folding defects
31. Page | 31
Rejection criteria for collar & cuff
No. Faults Response
1. Wrong ply Reject
2. Hole Reject
3. Needle line Reject
4. Slubs Reject
5. Wrong design Reject
6. Fly & contamination Acceptable for color but not for white
7. First round problem Reject
8. Uneven tension Discuss with manager
9. Missing yarn Reject
10. Crease line Reject
11. Rust line Reject
12. Oil Stripe Reject
13. Thick-thin Reject
14. Wrong tube Reject
Remedies:
01.Identical dyeing procedure should be followed for the same depth of the
Shade and batch.
02.Ensure proper heat setting for lycra/synthetic fabrics
03.The pH, hardness and sodium carbonate content of supply water should
check daily.
04.Proper machine speed in slitting m/c, stenter m/c and compactor m/c
Proper mixing of softener chemicals
05.Definite temperature maintenance for definite fabrics
06.Online gsm, fabric width check during passing through
sterner/compactor
07.Other finishing parameters such as shrinkage, spirality , bursting
Strength, phenolic test, fastness tests etc. should be checked during
operation to maintain desired quality of the fabric
32. Page | 32
Conclusion
Industrial attachment will give us our expected destiny of practical life. By the
completion of 1 week of Industrial attachment at MKC, we have got the
impression that the factory is one of the most modern export oriented knit
composite in Bangladesh. Though it was established only 10 years ago, it has
earned “very good reputations “for its best performance over many other
export oriented textile mills. During observations, following problems were
detected
01.During the transportation of the fabric on the dyeing floor & also during
the loading of the machine, fabrics are soiled by the contact with floor.
This makes the fabric/part of the fabric dirty.
02.It may require more dyeing/finishing agent or may create stain, less
finish requirements etc. making it faulty.
03.The- dyeing & finishing floor is watery most of the time. It should be
kept clean all the time.
04. Many time the dosing pipelines are clogged due to the careless dosing
of the chemicals. The supervisors should supervise the floor more
sincerely.
05.The machine stoppage time should be analyzed & minimized. The
maintenance should be carried out when the machine is out of action
(wherever possible).
During the observation period we have received co-operation & association
from the dyeing & finishing floor’s full & found almost all man, machines &
materials on appreciable working condition. All staffs & officers were very
sincere & devoted to their duties to achieve their goal.