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INDIAN TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE
This document discusses Indian temple architecture from ancient times through the Gupta period. It notes that Gupta period temples were derived from earlier rock-cut prototypes, having wider spacing between columns in the middle and features like flat roofs and modest sizes. Key architectural elements of Hindu temples are described like the vimana, mandapa, and shikhara. Sculpture flourished during this time on a massive scale, though structures relied more on piling blocks than technical design. Gopurams, large entrance towers, came to mark the importance of temples within southern Indian cities.
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INDIAN TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE
- 1. Presented by : Ar.Shruti IndianTemple Architecture
- 2. • A notable feature of these temples is the wider intercolumnina5on of the pillars in the middle than on the sides. As suggested by the flat roof, square or rectangular form the plain treatment of the walls and modestness of size, these temples must obviously have been derived from rock-‐cut proto-‐types of which early Gupta examples occur at Udaigiri near Sanchi.
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- 6. Gupta Period (320AD – 480 AD)• After the decline of Mauryans, Gupta rulers rose to power • The Gupta period in Indian history is known as the Golden Age of India. • Era of the most advanced civilization, flush with wealth, higher education, trade with foreign countries, and an overall happy life. • Religious tolerance and freedom of worship • Period of Hindu renaissance. • Emperor Ashoka promoted Buddhism, but Gupta rulers showed a preference for Hindu religion • Music, architecture, sculptures and painting were at its best. • Various copper statues images of Buddha reflect the craftsmanship of the Gupta period. • After the death of the last Gupta ruler in 570 AD, the Gupta empire declined and broke off.
- 8. Extensive Trade 4c spices gold& ivory gold & ivory rice & wheathorses cotton goods cotton goods
- 9. Medicine Literature Mathematics Astronomy Printed medicinal guides 1000diseases classified Plastic Surgery C-sections performed Inoculations 500 healing plants identified Decimal System Concept of Zero PI = 3.1416 Kalidasa Solar Calendar The earth is round Gupta India Gupta Achievements
- 10. Principal architectural featuresof a temple VIMANA MANDAPA SHIKHARA garbha-griha
- 11. Mini Shikhara repeatingthemselves Dravida (south) 2 types make up the Indian temple 'orders Indo-Aryan (north)Sculpture on a mass scale Little structural inventiveness or technical ingenuity Structure to stand-piling of massive blocks one on top of the other ensured stability without using mortar Fine appreciation of mass & value & effects of shadow to a marked degree
- 13. Reduced in appearanceto a fortress Raise the gates of the fortress to the level of architecture Gopurams-entrance gateways of the temple cities of the south Makeshift battlements around their cities, towns-the temples
- 14. Gopurams Importance of thetemple within the city precincts without in altering the form of the temple Natural population increase Erect yet another wall around the existing one City grew much like the annular rings of a tree Great temple of Srirangam at Tiruchirapalli Rectangle dynamic form Towering, massive & impressive Buddhist origin
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- 16. Buddhist and HinduTemples during the Mauryan and Gupta Periods HinduTemples • During the Mauryan period, temples were small, stone structures with one or two rooms and flat roofs. • During the Gupta period, the temples were more complex, with huge towers and intricate carvings. BuddhistTemples • Some Buddhists carved entire temples out of mountainsides. • The temples at Ajanta and Ellora are two of the most famous of this type of Buddhist temple. • Another type of Buddhist temple was the stupa.