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Increasing the Urban Forest Resiliency Through Greater Tree Diversity
- 1. INCREASING URBAN FOREST RESILIENCY THROUGH GREATERTREE DIVERSITY Deborah Hilbert, PhD ManyTrees Consulting, LLC Florida Urban Forestry Council, Inc. Andrew Koeser, PhD University of Florida GrantThompson, PhD Genus Landscape Architects
- 2. How many tree species are there? • Global: 64,088 observed (~ 73,300) • Africa: 10,441 (~11,875) • Eurasia: 14,071 (~16,264) • North America: 8,646 (~11,131) • South America: 27,186 (31,112) • Oceania: 6,680 (~8,235) Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, Peter B. Reich, Javier GP Gamarra, Tom Crowther, Cang Hui, Albert Morera, Jean-Francois Bastin et al. "The number of tree species on Earth." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 6 (2022): e2115329119.
- 3. Benefits of species diversity
- 4. How does that compare to urban forest diversity? +InTampa, 112 unique species inventoried. +Diversity greatest in residential land use. +Most species occur singly or rarely.
- 5. How does that compare to urban forest diversity? +InTampa, 112 unique species inventoried. +Diversity greatest in residential land use. +Most species occur singly or rarely. }= 48%
- 6. How does that compare to urban forest diversity?
- 7. How does that compare to urban forest diversity? • Avg. US city, 6 species = 61.5% of street trees. • Midwest and one genus represented 27.5% • Northeast and one genus represented 32.9%
- 8. Risks associated with low diversity Ash trees in a Toledo, Ohio neighborhood in June 2006 and August 2009. Credit: D. Herms
- 9. Risks associated with low diversity https://www.fs.usda.gov/ https://ucanr.edu/
- 10. Risks associated with low diversity April 2015
- 11. Risks associated with low diversity Dec. 2015
- 12. Risks associated with low diversity June 2016
- 13. Risks associated with low diversity Jan 2019!
- 14. Why is diversity so limited in urban areas?
- 15. www.beckertreefarm.com www.bsu.edu/ www.brightview.com www.seedyourfuture.org/ Why is diversity so limited in urban areas?
- 17. Findings from Nationwide UrbanTree Diversity Focus Groups (USA) Growers Arborists Urban Foresters Landscape Designers
- 18. Increasing Resiliency through GreaterTree Diversity – USDA PlanningGrant
- 19. Focus groups • Range of professionals • Explored connections in the production and procurement of trees • Specifically asked for barriers and opportunities to increased diversity
- 20. Results – factors influencing production Growers have a complex decision-making process. They must consider how to • maximize production and sales, • minimize expenses, and • minimize risk.
- 21. Results – factors influencing production Availability (of seeds, liners, etc.) Climate change Contract growing Demand and sales Diverse inventory Farm space Growth rate Hardiness Invasiveness Minimize inventory overlap Personal preference Production ease Pests and pathogens
- 22. The end all be all is: what can we sell? - Grower
- 23. Results – factors influencing purchasing Those purchasing trees in large quantities choose trees based on a large variety of factors, but the major influences are: • availability • tree performance • regulations (e.g., tree ordinances, codes, lists, etc.)
- 24. Results – factors influencing purchasing Availability Client/residents Regulations Climate Climate change Pests and pathogens Creativity Cultivars Diversity plantings Familiarity (with species) Growth rate of tree Maintenance requirements Nuisance disservices Politics Site conditions Tree function Tree performance Tree quality (of stock) Tree size at maturity Tree size at planting
- 25. It’s right tree, right place. It fits every time. You know it's always going to be at the top of your mind, right? - City Tree Manager
- 26. Results – constraints to expanding selection Constraints to expanding the selection of tree species varied were mainly related to the themes of: • availability • client/resident desires • regulations • tree performance in the landscape
- 27. Results – constraints to expanding selection Availability Clients/residents Regulations Tree performance Built environment Climate Climate change Contractors Cost Economic downturns Familiarity (or lack thereof) Lack of resources Loss of horticulturalists Loss of nurseries Mismatched municipal budget and nursery cycles Politics Tree size at planting
- 28. To me, the barrier is just availability. - Tree NPO leader
- 29. Results – opportunities for expanding selection Two of the most widely discussed opportunities were: • education about the importance of tree species diversity and • stakeholder willingness to collaboratively support diversity efforts with others in the green industry.
- 30. Results – opportunities for expanding selection Education (e.g., tree walks, demo gardens) Experimentation Stakeholder communication (including a unified strategy) Contract growing Detailed landscape specifications Funding Marketing Maintaining updated inventory lists More container-grown options New cultivars Politics Procurement strategies Regulations
- 31. [For a national campaign] to be effective, I think every segment of the green industry would have to be on board and supporting that endeavor. -Grower
- 32. Next steps - Research effective strategies • Market and supply chain research • Procurement strategies (purchasing contracts) • Incentives for tree farmers • Educational campaign • Trialing underutilized species
- 33. SpecialThanks • Center for Land Use Efficiency (CLUE) • USDA Specialty Crop Research Initiative (SCRI) • IFASTravel Awards for Research Grant EnhancemenT (TARGET)
- 34. Contact Deb Hilbert, PhD Many Trees Consulting, LLC deb.manytrees@gmail.com LinkedIn, ResearchGate Scan for Deb’s website: