This document discusses the increased vulnerability of the continental United States to nuclear terrorism. It outlines three types of potential nuclear terrorist attacks: 1) an atomic bomb, 2) a dirty bomb using conventional explosives to disperse radioactive material, and 3) a passive radiation exposure device to contaminate areas without explosives. It argues that current container scanning methods are ineffective and may unintentionally aid terrorists. A recent assassination using polonium-210 demonstrated how easily radiation can spread, and terrorists could replicate this on a larger scale. The supply chain for nuclear materials is more accessible than assumed, as terrorist groups do not need state-level resources and can learn from incidents like the assassination. Overall, the document warns that the US remains vulnerable to nuclear
Asessing the threat of terrorist use of chemical, biological, radiological an...Chalaris Michail
This document discusses the risk assessment of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats in South-east European countries. It provides an overview of the types of CBRN weapons, how available they are globally, and the potential threats they pose. The main threats are considered to be chemical and biological weapons. While stockpiles of nuclear weapons are decreasing among major powers, some countries and groups are still trying to acquire them. The document analyzes the European Union's interest in and policies around CBRN non-proliferation over time. It outlines different aspects of the perceived CBRN threat to the EU and South-east European countries from the perspective of international security documents.
This presentation was given as part of the Cross-Domain Deterrence Seminar hosted by the Center for Global Security Research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in November 2014.
Cyber war netwar and the future of cyberdefense David Sweigert
This document provides an updated definition of "Netwar" based on the original concept introduced in 1993 by Arquilla and Ronfeldt.
1. The document summarizes the original definitions of "Cyberwar" and "Netwar", noting that Cyberwar targets information systems while Netwar targets societal perceptions.
2. It then proposes a new working definition of modern Netwar as intentional activities to influence human perception through overt or hidden channels, with the goal of facilitating changes in another actor's perceptions for one's own benefit.
3. Netwar does not necessarily involve physical force, illegal data modification, or law violations, but can utilize legal speech, economic actions, and information manipulation to influence perceptions
This document summarizes the first edition of the First Committee Monitor, which provides transparency and accessibility to the work of the UN General Assembly First Committee on Disarmament and International Security. It is compiled by Reaching Critical Will in collaboration with several NGOs. The summary includes an editorial on the past, present and future of nuclear weapons, sections on various issues related to nuclear disarmament being discussed in the First Committee, and information about Reaching Critical Will and its resources.
This research led us to conclude that American soil is under a real threat with Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). The historical momentum, the facts, and the evidence supporting them, which are described in a chronological context, are sufficient to persuading us about this premise, although some skeptical consider this is just another conspiracy theory.
This document discusses the concept of cross-domain deterrence and the tension between nuclear deterrence and strategic deterrence. It notes that there is agreement within the Department of Defense and Air Force that strategic deterrence is cross-domain deterrence, involving not just nuclear capabilities but also space, cyber, and conventional capabilities. However, there is currently no common framework for ensuring understanding of how these different capabilities interact and integrate to achieve deterrent effects. The document examines challenges in analyzing and planning for cross-domain deterrence in the modern strategic environment.
This presentation was given as part of the Cross-Domain Deterrence Seminar hosted by the Center for Global Security Research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in November 2014.
This document summarizes and discusses different perspectives on when the use of force is justified under international law. It discusses the US doctrine of preemption and prevention following 9/11 and the Iraq war. It also summarizes the UN perspective, noting that unilateral use of force requires Security Council approval unless it is immediate self-defense. Psychological motives for using force are discussed, referring to theories about competition, diffidence, and glory leading to violence. The document analyzes debates around distinguishing actual vs anticipated attacks and when a threat becomes imminent. It concludes that international law only permits proportional and necessary use of force for self-defense, not for economic or other non-defensive purposes.
Asessing the threat of terrorist use of chemical, biological, radiological an...Chalaris Michail
This document discusses the risk assessment of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats in South-east European countries. It provides an overview of the types of CBRN weapons, how available they are globally, and the potential threats they pose. The main threats are considered to be chemical and biological weapons. While stockpiles of nuclear weapons are decreasing among major powers, some countries and groups are still trying to acquire them. The document analyzes the European Union's interest in and policies around CBRN non-proliferation over time. It outlines different aspects of the perceived CBRN threat to the EU and South-east European countries from the perspective of international security documents.
This presentation was given as part of the Cross-Domain Deterrence Seminar hosted by the Center for Global Security Research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in November 2014.
Cyber war netwar and the future of cyberdefense David Sweigert
This document provides an updated definition of "Netwar" based on the original concept introduced in 1993 by Arquilla and Ronfeldt.
1. The document summarizes the original definitions of "Cyberwar" and "Netwar", noting that Cyberwar targets information systems while Netwar targets societal perceptions.
2. It then proposes a new working definition of modern Netwar as intentional activities to influence human perception through overt or hidden channels, with the goal of facilitating changes in another actor's perceptions for one's own benefit.
3. Netwar does not necessarily involve physical force, illegal data modification, or law violations, but can utilize legal speech, economic actions, and information manipulation to influence perceptions
This document summarizes the first edition of the First Committee Monitor, which provides transparency and accessibility to the work of the UN General Assembly First Committee on Disarmament and International Security. It is compiled by Reaching Critical Will in collaboration with several NGOs. The summary includes an editorial on the past, present and future of nuclear weapons, sections on various issues related to nuclear disarmament being discussed in the First Committee, and information about Reaching Critical Will and its resources.
This research led us to conclude that American soil is under a real threat with Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). The historical momentum, the facts, and the evidence supporting them, which are described in a chronological context, are sufficient to persuading us about this premise, although some skeptical consider this is just another conspiracy theory.
This document discusses the concept of cross-domain deterrence and the tension between nuclear deterrence and strategic deterrence. It notes that there is agreement within the Department of Defense and Air Force that strategic deterrence is cross-domain deterrence, involving not just nuclear capabilities but also space, cyber, and conventional capabilities. However, there is currently no common framework for ensuring understanding of how these different capabilities interact and integrate to achieve deterrent effects. The document examines challenges in analyzing and planning for cross-domain deterrence in the modern strategic environment.
This presentation was given as part of the Cross-Domain Deterrence Seminar hosted by the Center for Global Security Research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in November 2014.
This document summarizes and discusses different perspectives on when the use of force is justified under international law. It discusses the US doctrine of preemption and prevention following 9/11 and the Iraq war. It also summarizes the UN perspective, noting that unilateral use of force requires Security Council approval unless it is immediate self-defense. Psychological motives for using force are discussed, referring to theories about competition, diffidence, and glory leading to violence. The document analyzes debates around distinguishing actual vs anticipated attacks and when a threat becomes imminent. It concludes that international law only permits proportional and necessary use of force for self-defense, not for economic or other non-defensive purposes.
This document summarizes key points from a seminar on space and cyber deterrence. It notes that developing offensive space and cyber capabilities poses risks of strategic instability, as relatively low-cost attacks could severely damage an adversary. Once these thresholds are crossed, rapid escalation is possible given the ephemeral nature of cyberweapons and uncertainty of impacts. Maintaining resilience is important but adversaries will seek countermeasures. Extended deterrence through alliances could help deter attacks on space systems that serve both military and commercial customers. However, assuring a second-strike capability in space, like submarine-launched ballistic missiles provide for nuclear deterrence, remains challenging without a clear analogue. Overall uncertainty regarding capabilities and effects in these domains complicates deter
The Danger of Proliferation of Nuclear Weapon and Fissile Materials in the er...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: There is a consensus among international leaders that proliferation of nuclear weapons and falling of fissile materials into the hands of terrorist groups is a real and present danger. The possible nuclear terrorism presents one of the most serious challenges to international peace and security in the 21st century. The forces of globalization increase the capability of non state actors in terms of technological knowhow, raising funds for terrorist activities, providing training, spreading propaganda etc. The paper studied the possibility of nuclear and fissile material proliferation to terrorist groups after the end of Cold War and the subsequent disintegration of former Soviet Union, the instability in Pakistan and increasing capability of terrorist groups who harboured intention to acquire nuclear weapon, what would happen if terrorist groups like Al Qaeda or ISIS acquires nuclear weapons or have dirty bombs.
Explosive weapons like bombs, artillery shells, and IEDs cause thousands of civilian deaths and injuries each year when used in populated areas. They often have wide-area effects that users cannot control, disproportionately killing and injuring women and children. While states prohibit civilian possession of such weapons, international law has not effectively minimized their humanitarian harm. The report argues explosive weapons should generally not be used where those employing force are responsible to the local population, and that their use in populated areas should be stigmatized. It calls on states and organizations to prevent such use and better support victims.
This document is a thesis submitted to Central European University examining the changing discourse surrounding the American drone debate. The 15,865-word thesis analyzes how drones can be considered both conventional and non-conventional weapons, using Just War Theory and the concept of military revolution. It contrasts the early 1950s nuclear debate with the current drone debate, and examines how the Obama administration justifies drone strikes while critics argue they raise moral and ethical issues. It also analyzes how popular media representations, like TV shows and films, have influenced public opinion and the debate.
This presentation was given as part of the Cross-Domain Deterrence Seminar hosted by the Center for Global Security Research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in November 2014.
This document is a research paper written by Major Ted Middleton for the Canadian Forces College as part of his studies. The paper examines the rise of unconventional threats and the challenges they pose for military organizations. It discusses the evolution of insurgencies and how they have become more complex, operating across political and psychological domains. The paper argues that simply applying old strategies to modern insurgencies will not work and that militaries must adapt their frameworks to confront these new threats. It aims to frame the problem and highlight the challenges of adapting doctrine and strategies to effectively counter evolving insurgent actors.
Use of Cyber Proxy Forces in Unconventional WarfareDavid Sweigert
The unrest in Baltimore in April 2015 was effectively responded to due to relationships built through prior interagency planning and training. The Maryland National Guard, Maryland Emergency Management Agency, and Baltimore City Police developed trust and understanding through exercises on responding to civil disturbances. This facilitated coordination and unified response during Operation Baltimore Rally, minimizing impacts. Planning shifted to focus on specific hazards, improving response plans. Interagency coordination increased through leader engagement and staff integration. When unrest occurred, the established relationships supported an effective response.
The Legal Mechanisms With Which to Cope With a Nuclear AttackBen Cook Jr.
Amidst the sabre-rattling on the Korean Peninsula, the Russian provocations throughout the globe, and fledgling nuclear programs sprouting in developing nations, the world is once again on the precipice of nuclear war. What exactly are our legal protections and obligations in the event of a nuclear strike? This paper attempts to analyze current international law and postulates what elements would be necessary (or prudent) in future treaties.
This document discusses the challenges of developing a theory of cross-domain deterrence (CDD) in an era of increasing complexity. It describes a research project studying how the growing number of means of political influence affects deterrence. It notes that emerging technologies have given weaker states and non-state actors new ways to threaten stronger opponents. This complexity poses difficulties for strategy and grand strategy. The document debates how to define "domains" and argues CDD is really about using one type of means to deter another. It acknowledges the conceptual limits of CDD and the risk of definitional debates becoming too academic.
This presentation was given as part of the Cross-Domain Deterrence Seminar hosted by the Center for Global Security Research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in November 2014.
The document discusses the concept of breaking news and how it has evolved over time. It defines breaking news as very important, urgent or surprising news that forces an interruption of scheduled programming. Two key developments that influenced how breaking news is presented are 9/11, which increased viewership of constant news coverage during crises, and the rise of internet and 24-hour news channels, which led to overuse of "breaking news" graphics and reduced the urgency of the term. Polls after 9/11 found very high viewership of news coverage and worry about terrorism. The concept of breaking news has changed from rare interruptions to frequent banner usage.
This dissertation examines how NATO applied strategic public relations management during peacekeeping operations in post-war Bosnia-Herzegovina from 1995 to 1996. Through interviews with NATO personnel, the study explores how NATO balanced symmetrical and asymmetrical communication strategies, and how organizational culture and intuitive decision-making impacted communication choices. The study proposes a model of ethical communication for managing conflict that incorporates concepts from public relations, communication, and international relations theories. This model could help public relations managers justify persuasive communication even after cooperation fails, with the goal of achieving long-term relationships and strategic outcomes through ethical application of both collaborative and coercive tactics.
This document discusses the responsibilities of states and media in times of global terrorism. It outlines that states must provide security and democratic freedoms for media workers, and share information responsibly during crises. The media is responsible for ensuring accurate, unbiased reporting and avoiding manipulation, while operating within legal limits. Terrorists use media to spread messages, recruit, and share intelligence tactics. Both states and media have roles to balance security, democracy and pluralism in the face of global terrorism.
The Schoharie Valley Townsite project was an ambitious 1960 study by Cornell University students and faculty to design a city that could withstand a nuclear attack. The proposed city would be located in upstate New York and house 9,000 people in underground shelters connected by tunnels. All critical infrastructure like homes, schools and a factory would be built to withstand the blast and fallout from a 20 megaton nuclear bomb detonated 10 miles away. The largely underground design was meant to allow residents to survive and maintain industrial production even after a nuclear attack. While an interesting academic exercise, the project does not seem to have had any real-world impact and civil defense planning declined in the 1960s.
The document discusses the growing threat of information warfare and the challenges the US faces in addressing this threat. It summarizes a military simulation called "The Day After" where teams have to respond to hypothetical cyber attacks. It notes the US is highly vulnerable due to its reliance on computer networks but that there is no clear strategy for addressing this threat, as it challenges traditional notions of warfare. It also discusses various government agencies' approaches but notes coordination and defining the scope of the problem remain difficult.
Victory Amongst People - Mills- Richards - Ewen McLayEwen McLay
The document summarizes and reviews the book "Victory Among People – Lessons from Countering Insurgency and Stabilising Fragile States". It makes the following key points:
1) The book provides a rich starting point for studying insurgencies and is a must-read for counterinsurgents.
2) It examines regional case studies of 16 counterinsurgency campaigns across different continents and decades. Common themes that emerge can inform how to counter insurgencies.
3) The authors have extensive first-hand operational experience, giving credibility to the analysis and recommendations in the book.
This document discusses the need for more than one battlefield framework in US Army doctrine. It provides background on how the military operating environment has changed, necessitating changes to battlefield frameworks. The current deep-close-rear (DCR) framework from FM 100-5 may not be suitable for all environments, such as asymmetric threats. The document analyzes the DCR framework and alternative frameworks to determine the most optimal framework. It concludes that one framework does not fit all environments and future doctrine should account for different battlefield characteristics.
This document provides a summary of several sources on issues related to emergency management and homeland security. It discusses balancing local, state and federal emergency response systems. It also addresses challenges including FEMA's response to Hurricane Katrina, the impact of global warming on increasing disaster frequency and severity, and ongoing efforts to combat terrorism both domestically and abroad, including the war in Iraq.
The document provides a summary of several sources on issues related to emergency management and homeland security. It discusses three key points:
1) There is debate around the appropriate balance of local, state, and federal responsibility in emergency response and the need for reform and increased regional coordination.
2) Sources critique the response to Hurricane Katrina by FEMA and argue for the need to better prepare for future natural disasters which may be exacerbated by climate change.
3) On the fifth anniversary of 9/11, sources discuss ongoing threats of terrorism and debate approaches to combating Islamic extremism, protecting civil liberties, and trying suspected terrorists.
This document provides an abstract for a thesis presented by Murray Simons in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Doctor of Education degree from Massey University. The thesis investigated how holistic learning (formal, non-formal, informal, self-directed, and incidental learning) contributes to the professional development of mid-career military officers participating in a 7-month staff course at the New Zealand Defence College. The study found several dimensions and sources contributing to holistic learning as well as opportunities to improve the learning experience. Specifically, it identifies a need to develop strategic military leaders by shifting from a paradigm of merely filling officers with information to one of growing strategic artists through both formal and informal learning activities.
War in the 5th domain: Cyber Offensive CapabilityAhmed Al Enizi
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow and levels of serotonin and endorphins which elevate mood and may help prevent mental illness.
This document discusses many of the major issues facing the world such as war, nuclear weapons, terrorism, poverty, hunger, carbon gases, and natural disasters. It maintains an optimistic tone by also mentioning hope, bliss, beauty, and encourages being yourself and keeping a smile. The document was presented by Sivakumar Palaniappan and speculates that the world may end tonight.
This document summarizes key points from a seminar on space and cyber deterrence. It notes that developing offensive space and cyber capabilities poses risks of strategic instability, as relatively low-cost attacks could severely damage an adversary. Once these thresholds are crossed, rapid escalation is possible given the ephemeral nature of cyberweapons and uncertainty of impacts. Maintaining resilience is important but adversaries will seek countermeasures. Extended deterrence through alliances could help deter attacks on space systems that serve both military and commercial customers. However, assuring a second-strike capability in space, like submarine-launched ballistic missiles provide for nuclear deterrence, remains challenging without a clear analogue. Overall uncertainty regarding capabilities and effects in these domains complicates deter
The Danger of Proliferation of Nuclear Weapon and Fissile Materials in the er...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: There is a consensus among international leaders that proliferation of nuclear weapons and falling of fissile materials into the hands of terrorist groups is a real and present danger. The possible nuclear terrorism presents one of the most serious challenges to international peace and security in the 21st century. The forces of globalization increase the capability of non state actors in terms of technological knowhow, raising funds for terrorist activities, providing training, spreading propaganda etc. The paper studied the possibility of nuclear and fissile material proliferation to terrorist groups after the end of Cold War and the subsequent disintegration of former Soviet Union, the instability in Pakistan and increasing capability of terrorist groups who harboured intention to acquire nuclear weapon, what would happen if terrorist groups like Al Qaeda or ISIS acquires nuclear weapons or have dirty bombs.
Explosive weapons like bombs, artillery shells, and IEDs cause thousands of civilian deaths and injuries each year when used in populated areas. They often have wide-area effects that users cannot control, disproportionately killing and injuring women and children. While states prohibit civilian possession of such weapons, international law has not effectively minimized their humanitarian harm. The report argues explosive weapons should generally not be used where those employing force are responsible to the local population, and that their use in populated areas should be stigmatized. It calls on states and organizations to prevent such use and better support victims.
This document is a thesis submitted to Central European University examining the changing discourse surrounding the American drone debate. The 15,865-word thesis analyzes how drones can be considered both conventional and non-conventional weapons, using Just War Theory and the concept of military revolution. It contrasts the early 1950s nuclear debate with the current drone debate, and examines how the Obama administration justifies drone strikes while critics argue they raise moral and ethical issues. It also analyzes how popular media representations, like TV shows and films, have influenced public opinion and the debate.
This presentation was given as part of the Cross-Domain Deterrence Seminar hosted by the Center for Global Security Research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in November 2014.
This document is a research paper written by Major Ted Middleton for the Canadian Forces College as part of his studies. The paper examines the rise of unconventional threats and the challenges they pose for military organizations. It discusses the evolution of insurgencies and how they have become more complex, operating across political and psychological domains. The paper argues that simply applying old strategies to modern insurgencies will not work and that militaries must adapt their frameworks to confront these new threats. It aims to frame the problem and highlight the challenges of adapting doctrine and strategies to effectively counter evolving insurgent actors.
Use of Cyber Proxy Forces in Unconventional WarfareDavid Sweigert
The unrest in Baltimore in April 2015 was effectively responded to due to relationships built through prior interagency planning and training. The Maryland National Guard, Maryland Emergency Management Agency, and Baltimore City Police developed trust and understanding through exercises on responding to civil disturbances. This facilitated coordination and unified response during Operation Baltimore Rally, minimizing impacts. Planning shifted to focus on specific hazards, improving response plans. Interagency coordination increased through leader engagement and staff integration. When unrest occurred, the established relationships supported an effective response.
The Legal Mechanisms With Which to Cope With a Nuclear AttackBen Cook Jr.
Amidst the sabre-rattling on the Korean Peninsula, the Russian provocations throughout the globe, and fledgling nuclear programs sprouting in developing nations, the world is once again on the precipice of nuclear war. What exactly are our legal protections and obligations in the event of a nuclear strike? This paper attempts to analyze current international law and postulates what elements would be necessary (or prudent) in future treaties.
This document discusses the challenges of developing a theory of cross-domain deterrence (CDD) in an era of increasing complexity. It describes a research project studying how the growing number of means of political influence affects deterrence. It notes that emerging technologies have given weaker states and non-state actors new ways to threaten stronger opponents. This complexity poses difficulties for strategy and grand strategy. The document debates how to define "domains" and argues CDD is really about using one type of means to deter another. It acknowledges the conceptual limits of CDD and the risk of definitional debates becoming too academic.
This presentation was given as part of the Cross-Domain Deterrence Seminar hosted by the Center for Global Security Research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in November 2014.
The document discusses the concept of breaking news and how it has evolved over time. It defines breaking news as very important, urgent or surprising news that forces an interruption of scheduled programming. Two key developments that influenced how breaking news is presented are 9/11, which increased viewership of constant news coverage during crises, and the rise of internet and 24-hour news channels, which led to overuse of "breaking news" graphics and reduced the urgency of the term. Polls after 9/11 found very high viewership of news coverage and worry about terrorism. The concept of breaking news has changed from rare interruptions to frequent banner usage.
This dissertation examines how NATO applied strategic public relations management during peacekeeping operations in post-war Bosnia-Herzegovina from 1995 to 1996. Through interviews with NATO personnel, the study explores how NATO balanced symmetrical and asymmetrical communication strategies, and how organizational culture and intuitive decision-making impacted communication choices. The study proposes a model of ethical communication for managing conflict that incorporates concepts from public relations, communication, and international relations theories. This model could help public relations managers justify persuasive communication even after cooperation fails, with the goal of achieving long-term relationships and strategic outcomes through ethical application of both collaborative and coercive tactics.
This document discusses the responsibilities of states and media in times of global terrorism. It outlines that states must provide security and democratic freedoms for media workers, and share information responsibly during crises. The media is responsible for ensuring accurate, unbiased reporting and avoiding manipulation, while operating within legal limits. Terrorists use media to spread messages, recruit, and share intelligence tactics. Both states and media have roles to balance security, democracy and pluralism in the face of global terrorism.
The Schoharie Valley Townsite project was an ambitious 1960 study by Cornell University students and faculty to design a city that could withstand a nuclear attack. The proposed city would be located in upstate New York and house 9,000 people in underground shelters connected by tunnels. All critical infrastructure like homes, schools and a factory would be built to withstand the blast and fallout from a 20 megaton nuclear bomb detonated 10 miles away. The largely underground design was meant to allow residents to survive and maintain industrial production even after a nuclear attack. While an interesting academic exercise, the project does not seem to have had any real-world impact and civil defense planning declined in the 1960s.
The document discusses the growing threat of information warfare and the challenges the US faces in addressing this threat. It summarizes a military simulation called "The Day After" where teams have to respond to hypothetical cyber attacks. It notes the US is highly vulnerable due to its reliance on computer networks but that there is no clear strategy for addressing this threat, as it challenges traditional notions of warfare. It also discusses various government agencies' approaches but notes coordination and defining the scope of the problem remain difficult.
Victory Amongst People - Mills- Richards - Ewen McLayEwen McLay
The document summarizes and reviews the book "Victory Among People – Lessons from Countering Insurgency and Stabilising Fragile States". It makes the following key points:
1) The book provides a rich starting point for studying insurgencies and is a must-read for counterinsurgents.
2) It examines regional case studies of 16 counterinsurgency campaigns across different continents and decades. Common themes that emerge can inform how to counter insurgencies.
3) The authors have extensive first-hand operational experience, giving credibility to the analysis and recommendations in the book.
This document discusses the need for more than one battlefield framework in US Army doctrine. It provides background on how the military operating environment has changed, necessitating changes to battlefield frameworks. The current deep-close-rear (DCR) framework from FM 100-5 may not be suitable for all environments, such as asymmetric threats. The document analyzes the DCR framework and alternative frameworks to determine the most optimal framework. It concludes that one framework does not fit all environments and future doctrine should account for different battlefield characteristics.
This document provides a summary of several sources on issues related to emergency management and homeland security. It discusses balancing local, state and federal emergency response systems. It also addresses challenges including FEMA's response to Hurricane Katrina, the impact of global warming on increasing disaster frequency and severity, and ongoing efforts to combat terrorism both domestically and abroad, including the war in Iraq.
The document provides a summary of several sources on issues related to emergency management and homeland security. It discusses three key points:
1) There is debate around the appropriate balance of local, state, and federal responsibility in emergency response and the need for reform and increased regional coordination.
2) Sources critique the response to Hurricane Katrina by FEMA and argue for the need to better prepare for future natural disasters which may be exacerbated by climate change.
3) On the fifth anniversary of 9/11, sources discuss ongoing threats of terrorism and debate approaches to combating Islamic extremism, protecting civil liberties, and trying suspected terrorists.
This document provides an abstract for a thesis presented by Murray Simons in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Doctor of Education degree from Massey University. The thesis investigated how holistic learning (formal, non-formal, informal, self-directed, and incidental learning) contributes to the professional development of mid-career military officers participating in a 7-month staff course at the New Zealand Defence College. The study found several dimensions and sources contributing to holistic learning as well as opportunities to improve the learning experience. Specifically, it identifies a need to develop strategic military leaders by shifting from a paradigm of merely filling officers with information to one of growing strategic artists through both formal and informal learning activities.
War in the 5th domain: Cyber Offensive CapabilityAhmed Al Enizi
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow and levels of serotonin and endorphins which elevate mood and may help prevent mental illness.
This document discusses many of the major issues facing the world such as war, nuclear weapons, terrorism, poverty, hunger, carbon gases, and natural disasters. It maintains an optimistic tone by also mentioning hope, bliss, beauty, and encourages being yourself and keeping a smile. The document was presented by Sivakumar Palaniappan and speculates that the world may end tonight.
The document discusses the need for India to strengthen its cyber security framework to defend against increasing cyber threats. It notes that the internet is now used for espionage and warfare, and that countries like Estonia, Georgia, and Iran have experienced damaging cyber attacks. It recommends that India create an independent cyber security office modeled after organizations in the US and UK, rather than relying solely on CERT-India. The future of warfare will have a significant cyber dimension, so decisive action is needed to protect India's critical networks and infrastructure.
Unit 731 was a covert biological and chemical warfare research unit of the Imperial Japanese Army located in Harbin, China. Over 10,000 people, mostly Chinese and Korean civilians, were imprisoned and experimented on without anesthesia, resulting in around 200,000-580,000 deaths. Experiments included vivisection, weapons testing, and developing biological weapons such as the plague-infected flea bomb. After the war, members of Unit 731 received immunity from the U.S. in exchange for their data, avoiding prosecution for their horrific human experimentation and crimes against humanity.
Cyber Operations in Smart Megacities: TechNet Augusta 2015AFCEA International
The document discusses plans for using a miniature city infrastructure called "CyberCity" to train cyber warriors. It describes CyberCity as a 1:87 scale physical model incorporating elements like a power grid, transportation systems and buildings that can be remotely controlled for offensive and defensive cyber missions. The goal is to demonstrate the kinetic impact of cyber attacks in a hands-on way and help trainees recognize real-world consequences. Initial missions discussed include disabling enemy weapons and manipulating traffic to support first responders. The document recommends starting with simpler missions and expanding complexity over time.
The document discusses the evolution of cyber weapons and offensive security tools from 1999 to today. It describes how such tools have progressed from being in their infancy to becoming highly sophisticated. A key point is that many military and government contractors now openly use open source tools like Metasploit due to their capabilities, cost effectiveness, and the ability to easily adapt them. The document highlights the features and power of the Metasploit framework, including its modular design, wide range of exploits and payloads, automation capabilities, and use by many organizations for tasks like vulnerability research and penetration testing at scale.
This document summarizes key issues regarding cybersecurity and policy. It identifies four issue areas requiring attention: 1) offense will usually beat defense given enough time; 2) deterring escalation is important, but exploitation and attack during crises is difficult to distinguish; 3) restricting cyber capabilities is impossible but restricting use may be possible with challenges; and 4) attribution is difficult and not a solution against sophisticated threats. The document cautions that secrecy clouds public discussion and cyber conflict is interconnected with other domains.
This document discusses the difference between the terms "cyber" and "cyber security". While many use "cyber" as a synonym for cyber security, the document argues it is more accurate to think of "cyber" as referring to cyberspace. Cyberspace refers to the man-made domain created by connecting computers, networks, and other digital infrastructure. The document provides an excerpt from the Army Cyber Command that outlines how they view cyberspace and includes operations like offensive and defensive cyberspace operations. It includes a graphic created by the author to show the interrelationship of cyberspace components, with cyber security as a supporting function rather than core to cyberspace.
The document discusses how the physical and digital worlds are blurring, requiring new approaches to cyber security. It argues that human capital and strategic thinking are now more important than technical solutions for addressing evolving cyber threats from state and non-state actors. The landscape has become more uncertain as the digital domain enables new ways to gain strategic advantage and influence other nations through intelligence operations and attacks below the threshold of war.
This document discusses the threat of nuclear terrorism in Pakistan. It outlines four ways terrorists could acquire nuclear weapons or materials: 1) stealing an intact nuclear weapon, 2) stealing highly enriched uranium or plutonium, 3) attacking nuclear facilities, or 4) obtaining material for a dirty bomb. It notes Pakistan's nuclear weapons are dispersed across the country in unassembled form, and that internal instability and a history of supporting terrorists raises concerns. The document also examines Pakistan's nuclear doctrine of delegative command and control and first-use policy.
Cyber Conflicts - Time for Reality CheckJarno Limnéll
This document discusses cyber security issues and trends from the perspective of Jarno Limnéll, Director of Cyber Security at McAfee. It makes three key points:
1) The security environment is more uncertain and dynamic than ever, as the digital world becomes connected everywhere. Complete security is a myth, and resilience is more important than constancy in this environment.
2) Cyber conflicts exist on three levels from lower level cyber activities to digital information warfare to strategic cyber attacks. However, the cyber "playbook is empty" due to lack of precedents. Cyber needs to be considered as part of broader military strategy.
3) Five strategic trends will be important to follow: the role of cyber espion
The Elements of Offensive Cyber Warfare OperationsMikko Jakonen
This document defines a concept of operations for cyber warfare in targeting, accessing and running operations within allocated information space. Maneuvering offensive operations in such an information space requires a framework to handle operational tasks such as target recognition, payload delivery and execution. The joint requirements such as planning and tasking with other interoperable dimensions make
things very difficult without such a framework approach. In the worst case each of the elements is being
handled in un-coordinated manner, rendering effects of potential capabilities low and simultaneously
possessing a threat for manipulating organizations.
Based on the understanding shown, offensive cyber warfare operates quite differently compared to its
kinetic counterparts. It creates its own operational theory and models not directly aligned with others.
However, the need for tactical interoperability is obvious but quite controversial. Offensive capabilities in
the larger context up to a specific mission area for other domains and disciplines. This breaks the uniform
model.
Please note that this is excerpt from larger study related to maneuvering and tactics in cyber warfare. It
focuses only on elements that can be found in offensive capabilities
Offensive cyber security: Smashing the stack with PythonMalachi Jones
: A necessary step in writing secure code is having an understanding of how vulnerable code can be exploited. This step is critical because unless you see the software from the vantage point of a hacker, what may look to be safe and harmless code, can have multiple vulnerabilities that result in systems running that software getting p0wned. The goal of this tech talk is to provide a step-by-step illustration of how not adhering to secure software design principles such as properly bounds checking buffers can open up computing devices to exploitation. Specifically, we will show that by using a very easy to use scripting language like python, we can do the following: 1) Smash the stack of a system running vulnerable code to gain arbitrary access. 2) Install a key logger that can phone home to a command and control server.
This document provides an overview of offensive open-source intelligence (OSINT) techniques. It defines OSINT and discusses the differences between offensive and defensive OSINT approaches. Offensive OSINT focuses on gathering as much public information as possible to facilitate an attack against a target. The document outlines the OSINT process and details specific techniques for harvesting data from public sources, including scraping websites, using APIs, searching social media, analyzing images and metadata, and researching infrastructure components like IP addresses, domains, and software versions. The goal of offensive OSINT is to discover valuable information like employee emails, usernames, relationships, locations and technical vulnerabilities to enable attacks like phishing, social engineering, and infiltration.
Army plan for Cyber Offensive Operations -- ESF 18David Sweigert
This document provides an overview of current and emerging Army cyber requirements and capabilities gaps. It identifies the top priority gaps as improving commanders' situational awareness across all echelons, including understanding the social media dimension. Other high priority gaps include defending networks in depth, conducting defensive and offensive cyber operations, and extending cyber capabilities to tactical units. The document recommends solutions such as integrating cyber and electronic warfare planning, developing trained and ready cyber forces, and transforming Army doctrine to fully leverage cyber capabilities in operations.
Office Chief of Cyber Personnel Presentation: TechNet Augusta 2015AFCEA International
LTC Chris Wade, USA
The Office Chief of Cyber will provide a Cyber Personnel Overview focusing on the military occupational specialties (MOS) and areas of concentration (AOC) that enable Cyber Defensive and Offensive Operations.
WMD Proliferation, Globalization, and International Security.docxambersalomon88660
WMD Proliferation, Globalization, and International Security:
Whither the Nexus and National Security?
Strategic Insights, Volume V, Issue 6 (July 2006)
by James A. Russell
Strategic Insights is a bi-monthly electronic journal produced by the Center for Contemporary
Conflict at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. The views expressed here are
those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of NPS, the Department of
Defense, or the U.S. Government.
For a PDF version of this article, click here.
Introduction
Throughout the 1990s, the United States national security establishment gradually espoused the
idea of a growing threat posed by the proliferation of a variety weapons and weapons
technologies that could cause mass casualties to combatants and noncombatants alike. Nuclear
weapons had long occupied the rhetorical space used by policy makers to describe weapons that
could kill on a mass scale, but gradually the result was that the term “weapons of mass
destruction” was reinvigorated and quickly became an accepted term in the lexicon of national
security policy. The term is believed to have surfaced in the media in the aftermath of the German
bombing of Guernica, the Basque seat of power, in April 1937. It reappeared periodically during
World War II in reference to the indiscriminate killing of civilians by aircraft.[1] Today, the term is
defined in U.S. Code Title 50 as “any weapon or device that is intended, or has the capability, to
cause death or serious bodily injury to a significant number of people through the release,
dissemination, or impact of toxic or poisonous chemicals or their precursors; a disease organism;
radiation or radioactivity."[2] For the purposes of this analysis, the term is defined as weapons
that can inflict mass casualties on combatants and noncombatants using nuclear and radiological
devices, long range missiles, and lethal chemical- and biological agents.[3]
Arguably, the kick-off to the more recent formal shift in emphasis in the U.S. national security
bureaucracy came in September 1993 when President Clinton told the United Nations General
Assembly:
One of our most urgent priorities must be attacking the proliferation of weapons of mass
destruction, whether they are nuclear, chemical or biological; and the ballistic missiles
that can rain them down on populations hundreds of miles away… If we do not stem the
proliferation of the world’s deadliest weapons, no democracy can feel secure.[4]
Following the speech, President Clinton signed Presidential Directive 18, which ordered the
Department of Defense to develop a new approach in addressing the proliferation of weapons of
mass destruction. At the time of the initiative, the United States was particularly concerned with
the prospect of thousands of unsecured nuclear warheads in the former Soviet republics—the
problem of “loose nukes.”
In late 1993, Secretary of Defense Les Aspi.
The document describes the I3BAT and Nomad Eyes systems, which are designed to incorporate terrorist thinking and tactics to help prevent terrorist attacks. Nomad Eyes would involve widely distributing sensors and collecting data using mobile phones and other devices. This data would then be analyzed using statistical and mathematical models to identify patterns that could link people, objects, and events and help forecast terrorist plans and activities. The goal is for the general public to help detect threats through passive and anonymous data collection using everyday devices to supplement formal security and law enforcement efforts.
The document discusses increasing risks from chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear disasters due to factors like globalization, increased mobility, and infrastructure vulnerabilities. While counterterrorism efforts have strengthened defenses against deliberate attacks, society remains unprepared for unintentional or "behind the lines" threats. A new approach is needed that reallocates resources to train and involve the general population in prevention, response, and building resilience.
MHS 5201, Weapons of Mass Destruction 1 Course Learni.docxaryan532920
MHS 5201, Weapons of Mass Destruction 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Evaluate the evolution of terrorism from the Cold War Era through today.
1.1 Identify the seminal events that shaped domestic terrorism legislation both before and after the
terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
1.2 Evaluate the key factors leading to the growing danger of chemical and biological terrorism.
2. Relate modern-day terrorism to complex terrorism and social networks.
2.1 Define terrorism and the concept of new terrorism.
6. Consider the political, philosophical, and religious perspectives of the various actors in the war on
terror.
6.1 Explain the opportunities and limitations for weapons of mass destruction (WMD) terrorism
globally.
Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes
Learning Activity
1.1 Chapter 1.1, Article Review
1.2 Chapter 1.2, Article Review
2.1 Article Review
6.1 Article Review
Reading Assignment
Unit I: Introduction, pp. 1-4
Chapter 1.1: Definitions, Trends, and the Concept of “New Terrorism”, pp. 5-37
Chapter 1.2: The Nature of the Post-09/11 WMD Terrorism Threat, pp. 38-70, 73-83
Unit Lesson
One of the most acute threats to the United States is a terrorist attack using weapons of mass destruction
(WMD). Nonstate facilitators have emerged as a growing WMD proliferation threat in recent years. There are
large quantities of these weapons spread throughout the world in Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, and
the Middle East. Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union in the 1980s, the increased risks of terrorism
have been brought to other nations due to the unknown whereabouts regarding chemical, biological, and
radiological weaponry. Terrorist groups throughout the world have been attempting to acquire WMD in an
effort to cause loss of life, chaos, and disrupt governments in the free world. Terrorist attacks have become
more frequent and are likely to continue due to the funding provided by other communist or terror-related
groups. The rise of new terrorism occurred with the death of Osama Bin Laden and the increase of smaller
cells with acquired weapons, monies, and travel ability. The new form of terrorism is transnational, has very
limited borders, and appears to be more violent than older forms of terrorism under Osama Bin Laden.
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
Conceptual Frameworks
MHS 5201, Weapons of Mass Destruction 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
In 2003, the United States and its international partners succeeded in interdicting a shipment of WMD-
related material destined for Libya’s nuclear program. As facts emerged regarding this shipment and its origin,
the U.S. government gained insight into an emerging WMD terrorism risk. Pakistani Nuclear Scientist A. Q.
Khan developed a transnational nuclear proliferation network reaching from Southeast Asia to Europe and
making sensitive technology and WMD- ...
The document provides a critical perspective on the mainstream media hype surrounding Stuxnet by mapping previous cyber incidents dating back to 1985 involving attacks on industrial control systems and SCADA systems. It notes that while Stuxnet was sophisticated, it was not the first attack on critical infrastructure systems using PLC or SCADA technologies. The document advocates for a more rational analysis of such incidents and calls for improved cybersecurity education to avoid irrational speculation in media coverage and policy responses. It compares hype around cyberwar to responses to the war on terror and climate change.
Unit V Annotated BibliographyRenica JonesHLS 6320Colum.docxlillie234567
Unit V Annotated Bibliography
Renica Jones
HLS 6320
Columbia Southern University
12/6/22
Part A
Question 1
Following Bolat et al. (2022), Strict guidelines are imposed by international humanitarian law on the selection of weapons and tactics. There are international conventions and laws prohibiting the deployment of weapons of mass distraction because these weapons must not inflict indiscriminate harm to civilians. They must not be prone to inflicting unnecessary damage or suffering on combatants. Mass destruction weapons do not abide by these regulations.
Question 2
Threats from terrorist groups and criminal states looking to use WMD, or weapons of mass destruction, are becoming increasingly frequent, and the United States is constantly at risk. Albedwawi claims that (nuclear, radiological, chemical, biological, or explosives) are one sort of weapon of mass destruction.
Question 3
Every type and category of WMD has a specific treaty governing it. The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), whose objective was to ban biological weapons entirely, and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540, which intended to stop the spread of WMD, particularly to non-state actors, are two examples of these treaties. The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is another agreement to outlaw chemical weapons entirely. Finally, the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), whose aim is to outlaw nuclear weapons completely, is mentioned in Kmentt's novel as signed in 2021.
Question 4
Each of the United States and the UN has a specific role to play in upholding international law and the provisions of each Treaty. The UN body's principal tribunal settles cases by states by international law. Furthermore, it offers legal advice on matters referred to by authorized UN bodies and specialized organizations. They also advance peace and security throughout the world. Human rights respect delivering aid to the needy: support sustainable development and climate action. The ability to fully implement international law ultimately rests with the United Nations Security Council. Fines, maintaining the peace, or formal reprimands are some ways they can do this.
Question 5
Kent (2021) contends that several challenges exist in enforcing international WMD laws and regulations. Among these concerns are the risks posed by poverty, illness, and environmental degradation. The conflict between states poses a threat. to state-wide human rights violations and violent threats. The threat of terrorism. Every international law and Treaty has undergone several revisions to improve its effectiveness and inclusiveness in providing member states with security.
Question 6
It is possible to compel non-member states of the UN to abide by international law and convention in several ways. First, the Security Council of the United Nations can officially denounce, impose sanctions, or otherwise enforce international law.
PART B
Albedwawi, S. A. A. M. (2022). Weapons of Mass Destruction .
- President Ronald Reagan announced the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), nicknamed "Star Wars", in 1983 which envisioned creating a missile defense system to protect the US from nuclear attack.
- The SDI proposed developing new technologies like lasers and particle beams to intercept incoming missiles, replacing the policy of mutual nuclear deterrence between the US and Soviet Union during the Cold War.
- Reagan's announcement marked the beginning of extensive research into missile defense, though the technology proposed in 1983 was still far beyond what was feasible at the time.
This document discusses the evolution of terrorism risk modeling from qualitative approaches relying on expert judgment to more quantitative analytical methods. It covers:
1) The development of terrorism risk modeling from a qualitative approach based on underwriter experience to more formal analytical models needed to assess risks like Al Qaeda.
2) Deterministic scenario modeling to estimate probable maximum losses from terrorist attacks. This reduces uncertainty but does not address probability of extreme losses.
3) The use of expert judgment in terrorism risk assessment and efforts to minimize subjectivity through quantitative modeling of underlying processes.
4) Quantitative tools for terrorism risk modeling including controlled Markov chain models of terrorist attack occurrence, adaptive learning models of attack mode selection, and game theory approaches to
This document discusses the evolution of terrorism risk modeling from qualitative approaches relying on expert judgment to more quantitative analytical methods. It describes how terrorism risk modeling has progressed from:
1) Qualitative approaches based on underwriter experience to more formal analytical methods incorporating scenario modeling and probabilistic approaches.
2) Deterministic scenario modeling of maximum credible attacks to probabilistic models incorporating probabilities of different attack scenarios.
3) Greater use of quantitative tools like controlled Markov chain models of the terrorism-counterterrorism conflict and models of adaptive learning and target selection incorporating concepts from fields like cybernetics and game theory.
Michael TyndallI believe that the most probable threat from .docxARIV4
Michael Tyndall
I believe that the most probable threat from a foreign terrorist organization (FTO) would be the use of biological agents. "A few kilos of an effectively disseminated BW agent can potentially cause tens to hundreds of thousands of casualties" (Cole, 2010, 73). Many of the biological agents available for FTOs to use require little to no experience handling the agent. If FTOs were to successfully conduct a biological attack, it could cause mass panic within the community, uncertainty, and economic disruption. I believe that it is not because of a lack of trying that a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) has not successfully carried out a biological attack within the country but the technological challenges the organizations face. The effects of a biological attack may not be immediately noticed. Local health care facilities or emergency rooms might be the first to realize there is a biological attack. A biological weapon will definitely be a force multiplier in the psychological on the targeted societies.
The pursuit of WMD by FTO and states that sponsor terrorism pose a great threat to our national security and global security. The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is a treaty that bans chemical weapons and calls for their destruction within a certain timeline. The goal of the treat is to "eliminate an entire category of weapons of mass destruction by prohibiting the development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, retention, transfer or use of chemical weapons" (OPCW 2016). The treaty also explains that states can posses a small quantity for research, medical or defensive use. FTO could easily exploit fragile or failed states and acquire the materials and resources needed to create a WMD to use in a terrorist attack.
Federal government agencies such as the Department of Homeland Security, the National Response Framework (NFR) and The National Incident Management System (NIMS) gives guidance for response and organization of agencies conducting the emergency management. I believe that it is going to take actual events for us to further refine our preparedness. We will never be 100 percent prepared but we need to be more prepared than we are now.
Michael
Cole, Benjamin. (2010). Changing Face of Terrorism, The: How Real is the Threat from Biological, Chemical and Nuclear Weapons? (1). London, US: I.B.Tauris, 2010. ProQuest ebrary. Web. (accessed 28 Dec 2016).
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. (2016). Chemical Weapons Convention. https://www.opcw.org/chemical-weapons-convention/. (accessed 28 Dec 2016) .
Michael Moratz
The future of WMD threats manifests themselves in the past threats. Large stockpiles of nuclear weapons remain and the list of nuclear capable states is expanding although slowly. Despite previous treaties and agreements Russian President Putin announced, “to upgrade his nuclear arsenal (Holehouse, 2015)” and to “this year put 40 new nuclear-armed intercontinental ballis ...
Copyrighted Material 1 Shrink the Targets Disasters .docxvanesaburnand
Copyrighted Material
1 Shrink the Targets
Disasters from natural sources, from industrial and technolog
ical sources, and from deliberate sources such as terrorism have all
increased in the United States in recent decades, and no diminution
is in sight.1 Weather disturbances are predicted to increase; low-
level industrial accidents continue but threaten to intensify and the
threat of cyber attacks on our “critical infrastructure” becomes ever
more credible; foreign terrorists have not relaxed and we anxiously
await another attack. Cataclysmic fantasies proliferate on movie
screens and DVDs, and scholars write books with “collapse,” “ca
tastrophe,” “our final hour,” and “worst cases” in their titles.
But we have neglected a fundamental response to the trio of dis
aster sources. Instead of focusing only on preventing disasters and
coping with their aftermath—which we must continue to do—we
should reduce the size of vulnerable targets. Weapons of mass de
1The evidence for the increase in industrial disasters comes from the Swiss rein
surance firm, the world’s largest, Swiss Re. The worldwide figures can be found in
its Sigma reports. (Swiss Re 2002) “Man-made disasters” include road and ship
ping accidents, major fires, and aerospace incidents, and the threshold for qualify
ing is 20 deaths, or 50 injured, or 2,000 homeless, or $70 billion in losses, or in
surances losses ranging from $143 million for shipping, $28 billion for aerospace
to $35 billion for the rest. Similar criteria are applied to natural disasters. For man-
made disasters in the United States, the period from 1970 to 1992 averaged 7.7;
2
Copyrighted Material
_ C H A P T E R 1
struction (WMDs) already litter our landscape; terrorists need not
sneak them in, and they are more likely to be triggered by natural
and industrial disasters than by terrorists. Ninety-ton tank cars of
chlorine gas are WMDs that travel daily through our cities; dis
persing the deadly gas via a tornado or hurricane, an industrial ac
cident, or a terrorist’s suitcase bomb would endanger up to seven
million people. New Orleans and its surroundings is, or was, our
largest port, but it could have been a target one-third the size of its
pre-Katrina population of some 450,000 souls, and much easier to
defend and evacuate. Because of the increased concentration of the
electric power industry, our vital electric power grid is so poorly
managed that sagging power lines hitting tree branches in Ohio
plunged the Northeast into darkness for hours and even days in
some areas in 2003. The industry has made its grid a better target
for a heat spell, a flood, a hurricane, or a few well-placed small
bombs. Deconcentrating the industry would uncouple the vulner
abilities and barely decrease efficiency, as we shall see.
Not all of the dangers confronting us can be reduced through
downsizing our targets. Some natural hazards we just have to face:
we are unlikely to sto.
This document discusses the impact of blast loading from nuclear explosions on structures. It notes the continuing need to protect both military and civilian populations from attacks. The challenges of evolving threats like terrorism require multi-layered defenses that balance security and civil liberties. The project aims to develop guidelines for analyzing, designing, evaluating, retrofitting, and testing structures to withstand unusual loads like explosions. It will involve both dynamic analysis to simulate blast effects and assess stresses, as well as static analysis for normal loads, following standards like UFC, ASCE, FEMA, and Indian codes. Protecting against modern asymmetrical threats will be an ongoing challenge requiring technological and theoretical innovations.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF BLAST LOADING FOR NUCLEAR EXPLOSION ON STRUCTURESIAEME Publication
In today’s geopolitical environment, the need to protect both military facilities and civilian
population from enemy attack has not diminished. Furthermore, we noted an increasing need
to protect civilian populations against terrorism and social and subversive unrest. Protecting
society against this form of featureless evolving type of warfare will remain a challenge, at
least through the first half of 21st century and certainly longer. Any outstanding recognition
will require a well planned multi-layered contribute to that strikes a fine coordination between
ensuring a nations security and support the freedoms that modern society enjoys. In this
context, this project is done to study the impact of blast loading for nuclear explosion on
buildings. On high these recommendations define the structural strength pre-eminent to
withstand the force produced by a surface burst of a nuclear weapon. A brief forum of the
major parameters which exercise the force acting on a structure is followed by a specification
of the peak magnitude and time variation of these forces. Specific details which define the net
forces acting on an element of the basic structural types are given. As this design requires a
sound background on blast loading mitigations and as it not economical only. Following the
discussion of the effects of the size and function of a structure is specification of basic
properties of reinforced concrete and steel. The protective structural analysis is based upon
the Tri Service Manual TM 5-1300, ASCE Manual 42, FEMA guidelines and Indian Standards
This document is a research paper that examines how changing media technologies have influenced modern Islamic terrorism, focusing on al-Qaeda and ISIS. It discusses how these groups have exploited new media to control their messaging and directly reach target audiences, circumventing traditional media. The paper charts the evolution of terrorist media strategies, from al-Qaeda's early use of televised interviews and attacks designed as "spectacles", to innovations like online propaganda by Zarqawi and Awlaki, and ISIS's heavy reliance on social media. It analyzes several major propaganda releases to show how terrorism has adapted to technological changes.
International intellectual property law and human securitySpringer
This document discusses the evolving concept of security from focusing solely on state security to encompassing individual/human security and human rights. It examines different approaches to conceptualizing human security, including as a development and rights-based framework. Key aspects of human security discussed include protecting fundamental freedoms and dignity, addressing both rights violations and deprivations, and taking an integrated approach to reducing threats beyond any single issue. The document also analyzes debates around defining human security and balancing expansiveness with policy usefulness.
Disaster and crisis management is a global problem. Scenarios range from short-term localized events to those with widespread impact persisting for years or decades. From personal experience and research in the topic area, there is clearly a need for a technology “platform” that can integrate cross-disciplinary agencies, civilians, contractors, and any other conceivable stakeholder. These stakeholders (including the environment and the public) will benefit immensely from integration and standardization in a problem-solving environment, especially in light of the value of human life. This approach should lead to enhanced preservation of life and safety, reduced environmental impact, and overall improvement in disaster response and mitigation – irrespective of the disaster type or scale.
This document provides an introduction to the two-volume encyclopedia "Weapons of Mass Destruction: An Encyclopedia of Worldwide Policy, Technology, and History". Volume I focuses on chemical and biological weapons. It discusses how the term "weapons of mass destruction" emerged in the 1930s to refer to indiscriminate killing through modern weapons like aircraft and chemical weapons. While many states developed chemical and biological weapons during World War II and the Cold War, the U.S. military was never enthusiastic about their use and saw them as deterrents only to be used in retaliation. By the early 1990s, the U.S. had abandoned their offensive use while maintaining research programs. The encyclopedia aims to provide a comprehensive
LESSON NOTES WEEK 5HLSS215 Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Ma.docxsmile790243
LESSON NOTES WEEK 5:HLSS215 Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD):CO-5 Explain the process of primary care management for behavioral reactions during a weapon of mass destruction incident in the United States.
This week’s lecture focuses on understanding that as current events show us, applying federal regulatory best practices and sanction do not always work. Therefore, we need to be able to evaluate and appraise emergency management planning and relate to the various operational community action plans and be aware of secondary effects of a WMD incident. In addition, it provides the student four questions to consider preparedness and is designed to spark the student’s interest in learning more about Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Mass Destruction.
When you read World at Risk – pages 82-106 – you should gain an understanding of the Government and culture and who is accountable for preventing WMD proliferation and terrorism. After reading this, stop and think for a moment, make your own determinations on whether or not the world of government has a serious lack of coordination among the various agencies whose job it is to keep us safe.
Next, as you read, Weapons of Terror, Chapter 6 – This reading assignment focus on delivery means, missile defenses, and weapons in space. This reading focuses on three subjects that are not exclusively related to any one of the categories of WMD – the means of delivery of WMD, the dangers of missile defenses, and the risk of weaponization of outer space.
With that, let us start our lesson, as current events show us, applying federal regulatory best practices and sanction do not always work. Therefore, we need to be able to evaluate and appraise emergency management planning and relate to the various operational community action plans and be aware of secondary effects of a WMD incident.
We need to understand this because one of the gravest threats facing Americans today is a terrorist detonating a nuclear bomb within our borders.
The United States wields enormous power of the traditional kind, but traditional power is less effective than it used to be. In today’s world, individuals anywhere on the planet connect instantly with one another and with information. Money is moved, transactions are made, information is shared, instructions are issued, and attacks are unleashed with a keystroke. Weapons of tremendous destructive capability can be developed or acquired by those without access to an industrial base or even an economic base of any kind, and those weapons can be used to kill thousands of people and disrupt vital financial, communications, and transportation systems, which are easy to attack and hard to defend. All these factors have made nation-states less powerful and more vulnerable relative to the terrorists, who have no national base to defend and who therefore cannot be deterred through traditional means. (World at Risk 2008, xxi)
Therefore, it is critical, able to ev ...
1
WMD PROLIFERATION: A NEW PHASE TO TERRORISM 2
WMD Proliferation: A New Phase to TerrorismMax Little
American Military University
HLSS498
Professor Stork
12, March, 2016
Research Question
The research question is: How will weapons of mass destruction proliferation develop into a new phase of terrorism in South West Asia? To develop this research question the first topic that was review was weapons of mass destruction (WMD) proliferation. In order to answer the question about WMD proliferation there has to be a basic understanding of what WMD proliferation is. This is developed by asking: What is WMD proliferation? Why does WMD proliferation happen? How does WMD proliferation happen?
Once the basic understanding of WMD proliferation is reached, there must be general knowledge basis that there is research developed on WMD proliferation. Once it is determined, that there is enough research to develop understanding of WMD proliferation, this can develop particular questions that research can be built upon. Some of these questions that can be built upon would be: How will WMD proliferation affect the security of the United States? Who are the main countries to be cautious about as WMD proliferators? What are the contributing factors that develop into WMD proliferation?
To develop the final attributes to the research question this is done by evaluating the questions that were previously stated. Some of these evaluations of the questions would be: Is this research question a common interest to other researchers and others that would examine the material? This is the understanding that answer this research question would be valuable to the field of WMD proliferation. The question is found to be valuable because WMD proliferation is a current problem that needs to be solved. This determines the question to be feasible with the methodologies of reading other published works on WMD proliferation. This crates the ability to reach the research question of: How will weapons of mass destruction proliferation develop into a new phase of terrorism in South West Asia? Creating a research question that is focused and not to narrow.
Purpose statement
The goal of this paper is to examine the effects of WMD proliferation in Pakistan and the areas around the region. That nature of this topic is to create a comparative and chronological analysis of how WMD proliferation adds to the extreme political agenda of terrorists. Constant political instability in Pakistan provides an example of how this could lead to nuclear material or technologies being obtained by terrorist organizations (Kerr, P. & Nikitin, 2012).
More extensive and expanding nuclear programs in Pakistan could lead to accidental WMD proliferation in and around South West Asia (Kerr, P. & Nikitin, 2012). This paper will examine weapons of mass destruction and proliferation. The focus will be on that WMD proliferation could develop into a new phas ...
1) Human communities will always be at risk from natural and human-made disasters due to factors like geography and technology that can enable threats. 2) Major cities like New York and New Orleans are especially vulnerable due to their locations and infrastructure. 3) Rapid urbanization and population growth will exacerbate risks in the coming decades as more people and structures are exposed to hazards.
Similar to Increased Vulnerability To Nuclear Terrorist Actions 20july07 (20)
This document provides an annotated list of presentations, courses, seminars, and workshops by MJD and TETRAD related to topics like disaster management, biothreat detection, counterterrorism, and humanitarian applications of science and technology. It describes formal courses taught at universities, as well as presentations given at conferences on subjects such as border security, emergency response, and connecting dots to locate terrorist operations. The document aims to provide information for organizing future training opportunities on issues covered in the materials listed.
Coordinated And Unified Responses To Unpredictable And Widespread Biothreatsmartindudziak
Intelligent and rapid dissemination of information is essential for responding to CBRN threats but has been missing from most response plans. The CUBIT system provides a solution with its coordinated and unified approach. CUBIT uses sensors, analytics, diagnostics, treatments, and population control protocols incorporated as scalable and modular components that can dynamically interact. It employs principles of "plug and play" and adaptability to respond to unpredictable biothreats affecting populations when infrastructure is damaged.
This document discusses a novel magneto-optic sensor called the MODE sensor that can be used for non-destructive testing of structural integrity. The MODE sensor uses thin films made of rare earth and transition metal oxides that have high magneto-optic properties, allowing it to detect cracks, fissures, and corrosion in structures. A portable system has been designed using this sensor to allow real-time inspection of bridges, fuel tanks, and other metal structures. The system includes image processing and pattern recognition capabilities to help identify defects.
This document summarizes research on using magneto-optic imaging for non-destructive testing of metal structures. It describes developing new thin-film sensors with improved sensitivity, integrating the sensors and image recognition algorithms into a portable system, and applying a neural network algorithm called SONON to enhance defect detection in images. Laboratory experiments demonstrated the new sensors could detect smaller defects than previous methods. The overall aim is more accurate, automated inspections using portable, wearable equipment.
The document describes a family of microinstruments being developed for use in space missions. The instruments use magneto-optic thin film sensors to perform tasks like non-destructive testing of spacecraft components, detecting electromagnetic fields, monitoring biomagnetic fields, and optical signal processing. Each sensor is based on a proprietary Fe-Ga thin film material and uses polarized light and a spatial light modulator. The sensors can detect magnetic fields as small as 10-7 Oersted and have applications in areas like defect detection, energy generation, medicine, and neural networks. The technology provides advantages over existing non-destructive testing methods by directly imaging defects in real-time with high resolution and low false readings.
This document proposes a technology using magneto-optic thin film sensors to study magnetic fields in deep space through wide-area arrays deployed by spacecraft. Each sensor would measure local magnetic fields and disturbances, with data communicated to reconstruct magnetic activity over large regions. The arrays could also control large space systems through parallel computing principles. The sensors use bismuth-substituted iron-garnet films that respond to magnetic fields through the magneto-optic Faraday effect, providing high sensitivity and domain wall velocity. Deployed arrays would allow unprecedented magnetic mapping beyond spacecraft's direct reach.
1. The document discusses scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and their applications in biomedical research.
2. SPM allows high-resolution imaging of surfaces and can be used to study cell topology, structures like cytoskeletons and membranes, and how electromagnetic fields impact cells.
3. Experiments aim to use AFM to image living cells over time and study phenomena like solitons and fractals at the microscopic level to gain insights into cell behavior and pathology.
The document describes a proposed system for detecting land mines using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with multiple sensors, including magneto-optic thin-film sensors (MODE sensors) and video cameras. The system would analyze sensor data using pattern recognition software to identify locations of land mines. A key challenge is developing a modular system that can efficiently integrate different sensors onto a small UAV. The document outlines designs for a modular payload assembly and embedded computer system that could process sensor data and transmit it to ground control in real-time. Initial testing of MODE sensors would be conducted on a laboratory workbench to evaluate their effectiveness at detecting ferromagnetic objects like land mines from aerial images.
This document proposes an Intelligent Data Entry and Acquisition (IDEA) system to help with on-site highway maintenance and construction. It describes an architecture using wearable computers and sensors to collect asset data in the field, process it using pattern recognition, and upload it to centralized databases. Field workers could use tools like digital notepads, cameras, and GPS to gather location-tagged images, notes and condition reports on assets, which the IDEA system would then analyze and integrate into maintenance planning databases back at the office. The goal is to streamline data collection and improve safety, productivity and data quality for tasks like infrastructure inspections.
This document outlines a proposal for a 6-month, $150,000 project to develop concepts of operations (CONOPS) for a Regional Environmental Biothreat Detection Network (REDBIONET). The network would integrate existing biodefense sensing systems and new diagnostic tools to enable early detection of biothreats through wildlife monitoring. Key components include adapting the RODS predictive system and integrating it with GITI's knowledge management tools. The proposal also describes integrating rapid diagnostic technologies, evaluating sensor placement options, and demonstrating a field-ready prototype to identify and respond to biothreats. Personnel are identified with relevant experience in pattern recognition, bioinformatics, and emergency response networks.
The document discusses a proposed mobile early warning system called Nomad EyesTM to detect and prevent nuclear terrorism. It argues that terrorism relies on networks and readily available technology. Radiation attacks are attractive due to their ability to cause social and economic disruption even without loss of life. The system would use mobile and wireless sensors to detect suspicious movements and shipments of radioactive and conventional materials. Data would be analyzed using various techniques like sensor fusion, graph theory, and gaming to identify potential threats while also providing emergency response capabilities. The goal is to develop a flexible, low-cost, and disruptive counterterrorism system.
This document discusses the Nomad Eyes project, which aims to use a network of mobile sensors and the general public to detect and prevent nuclear terrorism through early warning. The project would distribute radiation sensors that can attach to mobile phones to collect and transmit data. Games and advertising would encourage public participation. Collected data would be analyzed using graph theory and Bayesian methods to identify potential terrorist planning and threats. In the event of an attack, the network could quickly notify the public and route them to safety. The current status describes sensor prototypes, public engagement design, and network/database software development. The goal is to move terrorism prevention and response capabilities out of secure facilities and into the hands of the general public.
Global InfoTek will develop concepts of operations (CONOPS) for an Emergency Mobile Phone Incident Reporting System (EMPIRES) that leverages mobile phones and infrastructure to collect and share situational data from citizens during crises. The 6-month project will cost $90,000. Global InfoTek will conceptualize a system using mobile phones to collect incident reports, environmental effects data, and real-time audio/video from citizens. They will integrate existing programs and technologies to disseminate this data to emergency responders through an integrated display. Global InfoTek will focus on communication challenges faced by responders during crises when infrastructure may be unavailable and develop solutions using emerging technologies like sensors and GPS on mobile
This document discusses the concept of ecosymbiotics, which aims to integrate economic profitability with environmental and social sustainability. It argues that education, basic research, environmental protection, and economic development are interdependent and should be viewed holistically. Ecosymbiotics proposes developing commercial innovations through collaborative, interdisciplinary research that also benefits education and future generations. The goal is to move beyond dependence on non-profit funding and directly link basic scientific progress with business and capital growth in a mutually sustainable way.
The document outlines a seminar on how quantum events may play a role in coherent biomolecular systems. It discusses several topics: (1) introducing motivations around reconciling quantum mechanics and relativity in biological systems; (2) exploring quantum network dynamics and structures like solitons that could provide stability; and (3) investigating chiral and tensegrity-stable solitons in higher dimensions that may model quantum networks sustaining topological identities. The goal is to better understand intracellular control and signaling at the quantum scale.
The document outlines a theory of topological process dynamics and its applications to biosystems. It discusses how a stable spacetime emerges from a quantum process flux described as a "spin glass" of topological 3-surface regions. Below certain length scales, p-adic numbers and an ultrametric topology are hypothesized to apply, with favored p-adic primes corresponding to physically important length scales like those seen in biological structures. The length scale hypothesis proposes lengths scales of L(p) = sqrt(p) * L0 that match observations of elementary particles, cells, viruses, and nanobacteria. P-adic topology is proposed below these scales with continuous classical spacetime emerging at larger scales.
This document summarizes a study on pattern recognition and learning in networks of coupled bistable units. The network is composed of N oscillators moving in a double-well potential, with pair-wise interactions between all elements. Two methods are used for training the network: (1) constructing the coupling matrix using Hebb's rule based on stored patterns, and (2) iteratively updating the matrix to minimize error between applied and desired patterns. Graphs show the learning rate converges as mean squared error and coupling strengths decrease over iterations.
This document discusses a hypothesis that molecular dynamics across neural membranes and cytoskeletal structures provide a matrix for self-organized behavior and information processing in the brain. Specifically:
1) Patterns of molecular activity may form stable solitons or "chaotons" capable of storing information over time, providing a basis for learning, memory, and consciousness.
2) These solitons could behave in a self-similar way across complexes of neurons operating within synapto-dendritic field activity.
3) Atomic force microscopy may help experimentally confirm theoretical models of these solitons and emergent structures in subcellular processes.
Evolutionary IED Prevention 09 2006 Updated W Comments Jan2010martindudziak
The document provides an overview of a presentation given at a 2006 conference on evolutionary detection and prevention of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and related terrorist weapons. The presentation discusses the need for detection systems that can (1) think ahead of terrorists rather than just react, (2) detect multiple substances in diverse environments, and (3) be usable by non-technical users. It also examines challenges like evolving weapon technologies and effectiveness. The presentation proposes solutions like a single, reconfigurable detection technology that can integrate with existing systems.
The document discusses applying geospatial representation and forecasting models to improve chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive (CBRNE) defense. It proposes integrating CBRNE prediction, detection, and countermeasures with geospatial analysis. This would allow incorporation of mobile, wireless, and portable technologies. The goal is a smooth transition between combat, post-combat and civilian CBRNE situations. Challenges include differences between field and domestic environments and issues with sensors. The document outlines several proposed technologies, including the Nomad Eyes architecture for distributed sensor deployment using inverse modeling. It also discusses the ADaM software for real-time data processing and sensor devices like the portable OPA for chemical detection.