Louise Anderson's presentation at the October 2014 INCOSE Colorado Front Range Chapter Meeting, held at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP), University of Colorado Boulder. Louise is the Systems Engineering Product Owner (Inventory & Production) at DigitalGlobe; Lead for the INCOSE Space Systems Working Group (SSWG) CubeSat Challenge Team

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D. Kaslow L. Anderson
david.kaslow@gmail.com louise.anderson@digitalglobe.com
610-405-6685

2. Agenda Team Composition INCOSE MBSE Initiative – SSWG & Challenge Team What is Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) & Systems Modeling Language (SysML) MBSE Roadmap for INCOSE SSWG Challenge Project History (Phases 1 – 3) Phase 1: CubeSat Reference Model & Application to Radio Aurora Explorer Mission (RAX) 3U CubeSat Phase 2: Expanded RAX CubeSat Model including modeling behaviors and interface with Commercial Off the Shelf Simulation tools Phase 3: CubeSat Enterprise Model Expansion (cost & product lifecycle) & design & operational characteristics of RAX Developing a CubeSat Reference Model (Phase 4) Next Steps How to Participate
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3. JPL NoMagic, MagicDraw Developers/Engineers
CubeSat Challenge Team Composition JPL & NASA Engineers
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3 University Professors & Students Engineers and Developers from Commercial Modeling & Simulation Tool Providers Modeling Experts from across the world Space System Working Group Lead – David Kaslow David.Kaslow@gmail.com CubeSat Challenge Team Lead – Louise Anderson Lweezy@gmail.com

4. INCOSE MBSE Initiative - Genesis, Flow, Interaction
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International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE)
INCOSE SE Vision 2020 [1] 2007 MBSE & SysML
MBSE Initiative & Roadmap [2], ]3]
MBSE Challenge Teams
Space System Modeling
Object Modeling Group (OMG) 1989
Unified Modeling Language (UML)
1995
Systems Modeling Language (SysML) [4]
2006
INCOSE Working Groups
Space Systems Working Group 2000
SSWG Challenge Project
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CubeSat Focus 2011

5. MBSE and SysML
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INCOSE Systems Engineering Vision 2020 [1]
MBSE: Formalized application of modeling to support system requirements, design, analysis, verification, and validation activities
Object Management Group [4]
SysML: A graphical modeling language for modeling complex systems including hardware, software, information, personnel, procedures, and facilities
Survey of Model Based Systems Engineering Methodologies [5], [6] e.g. INCOSE OOSEM, IBM Telelogic Harmony SE, Vitech MBSE MBSE: A collection of related processes, methods, and tools
Object Oriented Systems Engineering Method OOSEM Top down, scenario driven process that uses SysML
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6. SysML
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Model Elements
Blocks
Actors
Flow Specifications
Constraint Blocks
Interfaces
Signals
Ports
…
Diagrams are views of the underlying system model
Behavior Diagrams
Use Case
Activity
Sequence
State Machine
Structure Diagrams Block Definition Internal Block
Block Properties Parts References Values Constraints Operations Receptions
A Block is the basic unit of structure
Parametric Diagram
Package Diagram
Requirements Diagram
SysML is a language
It is not a methodology
It is not a tool
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7. CubeSats? NanoSatellite (1-10kg) Used for Space Research, Technology Demonstrations 1U = 10 cm^3, 2U, and 3U Ultra Low Cost Missions University/Company Training COTS Hardware First CubeSat Launched in 2003 Over 75+ CubeSats in Operation
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ISIS. "CubeSat Concept - Satellite Missions." CubeSat Concept - Satellite Missions. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Jan. 2013. <https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/c- missions/CubeSat-concept>

8. MBSE RoadMap
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2020
2025
Maturity
MBSE Capability
Ad Hoc MBSE
Document Centric
2010
Well Defined MBSE
Institutionalized
MBSE across
Academia/Industry
Reduced cycle times
Design optimization across broad trade space Cross domain effects based analysis
System of systems
interoperability
Extending Maturity and Capability
Distributed & secure model repositories
crossing multiple domains
Defined MBSE theory, ontology, and formalisms
Emerging MBSE standards
Matured MBSE methods and metrics,
Integrated System/HW/SW models
Architecture model integrated with Simulation, Analysis, and Visualization
•Planning & Support
•Research
•Standards Development
•Processes, Practices, & Methods
•Tools & Technology Enhancements
•Outreach, Training & Education
Refer to activities in
the following areas:
[3]

9. SSWG Challenge Project History
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INCOSE MBSE Challenge Project
Initiated in 2007
INCOSE SSWG
2007-2010
Phase 0
Modeled a Space System in SysML
Hypothetical FireSat – Space Mission Analysis and Design
Enterprise Modeling for CubeSats All lifecycle phases
RAX CubeSat Model Trade Studies
MBSE CubeSat Project
2011 to Present
Phase 1
CubeSat Framework
Preliminary RAX Model
Phase 2
RAX Behavior Modeling Power, Comm, State
(Phase 3)
(Phase 1-2)
Early
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10. Model Examples
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11. Tools
11 No Magic - MagicDraw Graphical modeling tool No Magic - Cameo Simulation Toolkit Enables the time-step execution of behavior models within Magic Draw InterCAX - Paramagic Plug-in modudle for MagicDraw Enables the execution of parametric models and system trades Wraps external models such as MATLAB/Simulink, Mathematica , or Excel
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12. Tools
12 Analytical Graphics - Systems Tool Kit Simulation and visualization of spacecraft behavior
•Phoenix Integration - ModelCenter
–Graphical environment for creating simulation workflows by integrating various types of simulation models, including Excel spreadsheets, STK scenarios, and MATLAB scripts.
–Once a simulation workflow is created, PHX ModelCenter executes the workflow, automatically transferring data between the simulators
•Phoenix Integration - MBSE Analyzer
–Enables the execution of parametric diagrams via ModelCenter
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13. Phase 0 - FireSat MIT/GaTech Collaboration Build an integrated model of FireSat SubSystems in Matlab, STK, Excel Integrated with Phoenix Model Center Student Teams Mentored by Industry Experts from INCOSE SSWG Successes executable trade model for FireSat Challenges Difficult to build SubSystem models were difficult to integrate No architecture of the model integration or key parameters Difficult to Audit for completeness correctness

14. Phase 1/2 – CubeSat Framework and Method Build a Modeling Framework and Method for CubeSats CubeSat Domain-Specific Terms SE Framework for Modeling CubeSat Missions, Spacecraft, and Ground Systems Example Application using RAX Mission Successes First version of Framework Early version of multiple executable demos Challenges Resources Executability Integration

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MBSE CubeSat Project Phase 3 Integrated Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) Applied to the Simulation of a CubeSat Mission
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16. RAX Mission Simulation
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State Diagrams Orbit Solar Experiment Download
Models behavior in response to internal and external events
Parametric Diagrams Get States Power Collection Update Energy Update Data Update Download
Mapped to analytical and simulation models that estimate RAX performance
Activity Diagrams Run Operation
‒ Steps through time Update States Send Signals
‒ Controls update of state values Update State Values
Defines actions in the activity along with the flow of input, output, and control
Time step through a scenario and model:
Energy collection and usage
Data collection, storage, and downlink
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17. 17
MBSE CubeSat Project Phase 4 Developing a CubeSat Model Based System Engineering (MBSE) Reference Model
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18. CubeSat Reference and Project Models
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CubeSat System Reference Model SysML elements for specifying requirements, design, development, and operations
Starting point for mission specific CubeSat model
CubeSat Project Model
Processes and methods for developing and operating
Includes SysML activity and sequence diagrams
Cal Poly CubeSat Design Specification [7] Mechanical, Electrical, Communication Licenses, Imaging Licenses, Debris Mitigation, Verification Reporting and Signoff
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19. CubeSat Reference Model - Scope
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CubeSat Reference Model A model that can be used as a starting point for a mission specific CubeSat model
Phases of Operations Launch Early ops Normal ops Degraded Sustainment
Foundations
INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook [8]
NASA System Engineering Handbook [9]
Applied Space Systems Engineering [10]
Space Mission Engineering -The New SMAD [11]
CubeSat Mission Design Based on Systems Engineering Approach [12]
Lifecycles
Conception through retirement
Mission Stakeholders Needs Objectives Measures of Effectiveness Constraints
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20. CubeSat Reference Model – Goal
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CubeSat Reference Model
SysML Diagrams Package Diagrams Block Def Diagrams Internal Block Diagram Requirements Parametrics Behaviors
Mission Specific CubeSat
Interface with COTS Modeling and Simulation Tools
Space and Ground – System Components Library of components to swap in and out of model
No Magic’s
Magic Draw
Graphical SysML Modeling Tool
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21. CubeSat System Reference Model
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22. CubeSat Domains
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23. CubeSat Stakeholders
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24. CubeSat Mission Needs, Objectives, Requirements
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25. CubeSat Operational Domain
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26. CubeSat External Environment and External Contraints
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27. CubeSat Mission Enterprise
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28. CubeSat Logical Space System
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29. CubeSat Logical Ground System
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30. Next Steps
NDIA Sys Eng Conf - 29 Oct 2014
INCOSE SSWG MBSE CubeSat Project
30 CubeSat Project Model Physical Model Library of Components, Requirements, Processes, etc. Development Domain Production Domain Sustainment Domain Retirement Domain

31. How to Participate Email David.Kaslow@gmail.com & lweezy@gmail.com Added to the sswg@incose.org Weekly Teleconferences Friday at 11:00 AM MT Next one 11/07/14 View Past Meetings Notes https://drive.google.com/?tab=mo&authuser=0#folders/0BwZIJenWp5PXSUc5YmowUUUwcEU Talk to me Today!
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32. References
[1] Systems Engineering Vision 2020, INCOSE –TP_2004-004-02, ver. 2/03,September 2007. [Online]. Available: http://www.incose.org/ProductsPubs/pdf/SEVision2020_20071003_v2_03.pdf
[2] International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), “MBSE Initiative,” January 2007. [Online] Available: https://connect.incose.org/tb/MnT/mbseworkshop/
[3] MBSE Roadmap. MBSE Wiki, INCOSE MBSE IW 2012. MBSE Wiki. [Online} Available: http://www.omgwiki.org/MBSE
http://www.omgwiki.org/MBSE/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=mbse:mbse_iw_2012- introduction-2012-01-21-friedenthal-c.pptx
[4] Object Management Group (OMG), OMG Website. [Online]. Available: http://www.omgsysml.org/
[5] Survey of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) Methodologies. INCOSE-TD-2007-003-01, Ver B. 10 June 2008. [Online]. Available https://www.incose.org/ProductsPubs/pdf/techdata/MTTC/MBSE_Methodology_Survey_2008-0610_RevB-JAE2.pdf.
NDIA Sys Eng Conf - 29 Oct 2014
INCOSE SSWG MBSE CubeSat Project
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33. QUESTIONS?
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34. Backup
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35. Radio Aurora Explorer (RAX) Michigan Exploration Lab and SRI International CubeSat mission Space Weather Missions Study plasma irregularities in the ionosphere Disturbs Ground-Space Communication and Navigation Science Experiment Bistatic Radar Configuration Radar signal transmitted by Incoherent Scatter Radar Site Poker Flats, Alaska Science Data Processed on-board and compressed Download to a globally distributed network Commanded by control center in Ann Arbon, Michigan
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36. Challenge: Communication and Consistency
•Challenges
•Communicating the system in a world of models
•How do you extract all the rich detail from these simulations into System Specification?
•DOORS? Documents/Slides/Spreadsheets?
•How do you assert mutual consistency between models?
•Meetings? Emails?
•Need an equally rich mechanism for expressing the system design
–Human readable
–Machine readable
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37. Role of Languages in MBSE Enterprise
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38. Power Scenario Demo Overview
Motivation
• “Bringing the model to life”, executing model
• Replaces “hacked” integrated software (e.g. manual/ complex code)
Integrating multiple software tools
• MagicDraw (SysML), Systems Tool Kit (STK), Matlab
• Phoenix ModelCenter (PHX) acts as “glue”
What does this enable?
• “Batch” execution of scenarios (i.e. full time history at once)
• Evaluation if requirements are satisfied/objective
• Test/compare scheduling algorithms (heuristic, optimized, etc.)
• Automatically re-run different scenarios (e.g. vary orbit, network)
• Parametric studies: Sensitivity to vehicle/ network parameters

39. Power Scenario: Lessons Learned
Useful things we “figured out” (with vendor support):
• Extracting time-dependent parameters (e.g. position in STK)
• Passing vectors between simulators was equally useful in PHX
Things to keep in mind for future modeling:
• Ensure you have required licenses! (may require vendor support)
• Parametric diagrams must inherit inputs/ outputs of PHX models
• Exploit existing code/ scenarios as much as possible
• Maintain modularity so can re-configure code for different applications

40. Document Generation
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40 Models are great, still need to support reviews and presentations Generate document artifacts from the model Leverage ISO 42010 (with some extensions) Domain Specific Experts and Reviewers should NOT have to go back to the model to do their job Need a way to present the model-based document artifacts to others without requiring others to understand the model.

41. Challenge Team History 2007 – First Challenge Team was Founded 2007-2010 SysML Model of FireSat (SMAD Textbook) SysML Suitability for modeling space missions 2011 – CubeSat Initiative Began CubeSat Modeling Framework Foundation to model/design many current and future CubeSat missions 2012 Applying SysML Framework to Operational Mission
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42. Timeline of Activity Y1: MIT/GaTech Student FireSat Example Y2-4: SysML model of FireSat Space Analysis Library using SMAD (Space Mission Analysis and Design textbook, Wertz and Larson) Basic Model of FireSat Solar Panel Trade Satellite Toolkit Integration Y5->: CubeSat: An Architecture Framework and Method for Space Systems MBSE

43. FireSat SysML Model Build SysML model of FireSat Learn SysML Describe FireSat using SysML Compare Model Description against typical document representation Successes Models of descriptions from book Model views corresponding to documents Challenges Technique of modeling and applying the methodology Table representations Model Analysis Document Production

44. SysML Space Analysis Library Build SysML Space Analysis Library Build Library of analysis from SMAD Build approach to VnV for Library Successes Libraries for many analysis types Useful testing approach Challenges Deep subject – much could not be captured Executability (significantly improved since) Units and Dimensions (significantly improved since) Presentation of equations

45. FireSat Solar Panel Trade Use Library to replicate Solar Panel Sizing Trade FireSat Model and Library-> executable trade Successes Successfully built executable trade Hard-linked to requirements Powerful view of driving systems properties Challenges Executability (improving since) Debugging Scaling

46. FireSat Integrated Modeling Integrate FireSat SysML Model with Satellite ToolKit Exchange Orbit Scenario properties Successes Basic Exchange of Parameters Direct comparison of MBSE in SysML and STK Explicit link between models and requirements Challenges Integration Complicated Difficult to Scale

47. Consensus of Team Modeling with SysML Everything was hard at first Methodology is critical to a model that hangs together SysML simplified construction of basic things like functions and properties SysML tastes like early CAD apps Libraries of model analysis were effective in making solar panel trade Integration with STK Document Comparison Model unified properties between views Simplified understanding of the System The common SysML language improved communication between teams and simplified collaboration Automated reports allowed for more time to focus on engineering