Inclusive Green Economy
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The document discusses the concept of an inclusive green economy as a new development model for Myanmar. It notes the current economic, social, and environmental challenges the country faces from poverty, inequality and ecosystem degradation. A business-as-usual approach is no longer sustainable. An inclusive green economy aims to generate more inclusive and sustainable growth through low-carbon development, resource efficiency, and improved management of natural resources and environmental risks while benefiting poor and vulnerable groups. It identifies key sectors and policies needed for a transition, including strengthening local resource rights, inclusive green markets, harmonized international support, and new metrics for measuring progress.
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Inclusive Green Economy
- 1. Inclusive Green Economy in Myanmar Prof.Dr.Aung Tun Thet
- 2. Poverty, Inequality and Growth Poverty widespread (‘Poverty Trap’) Inequality on rise Greater numbers experiencing simultaneous deprivations in education, health and living standards
- 3. Rising Economic, Social and Environmental Costs Poor and vulnerable groups suffered most
- 4. Causes Market and institutional failures Conventional approaches to economic growth Under-provision of public goods Insecure property rights
- 5. Solution ‘Business-as-usual’ approaches no longer economically, socially or environmentally sustainable New and innovative approaches required
- 6. New Path – Inclusive Green Economy
- 7. Practical 21st Century Development Model Connects: Poverty reduction Job creation Inequality Climate Change Environmental Stress Water, Energy and Food Security
- 8. Inclusive Green Economy Address systemic problems of current economic system Generate more inclusive and sustainable growth Increase economic and social returns from investing in environmental improvement and low-carbon, climate-resilient development
- 9. Challenges of current economic system create green economy opportunities CHALLENGES OPPORTUNITIES • Ecosystem decline and loss of ecosystem services • Ecosystem values • Demand for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem restoration • Natural resource scarcity and competition • Demand for sustainable agriculture • Demand for improved natural resource management and local resource rights
- 10. Challenges of current economic system create green economy opportunities CHALLENGES OPPORTUNITIES Vulnerability to climate- related risks and disasters Demand for low-carbon goods and services Demand for more climate- resilient production systems and livelihoods Fossil fuel prices Demand for renewable energy and energy efficiency Demand for public transport and alternative fuels
- 11. ‘Green Economy’ Pathway Bringing together social, economic, and environmental objectives of sustainable development Benefit poor and vulnerable groups Reduce inequality
- 12. Inclusive Green Economy combines ‘Inclusive Growth’ with ‘Green Growth’ Economic Growth Environmental Sustainability Social Development Green Growth Inclusive Growth Inclusive Green Economy
- 13. Key Characteristics of Inclusive Green Economy
- 14. Economic Resource-efficient, low carbon and climate resilient growth Creates and sustains decent jobs Expand economic opportunities for poor Stimulate innovation and adoption of green technologies Diversify and enhance resilience of local and national economies
- 15. Social Improve health and well-being of poor Promotes equity, including gender equality Build social capital Enhances resilience of local communities
- 16. Environmental Increase productivity and efficiency of natural resource use Reduce pollution and impact of natural hazards Improve management of environmental risks Restore and sustain ecosystem health and resilience
- 17. Governance Empower citizens through access to information and justice and participation in decision-making Improve transparency and accountability
- 18. How poor benefit from Inclusive Green Economy
- 19. Triple Bottom Line 1. Job-creating economic growth 2. Environmental protection 3. Social inclusion
- 20. Environmental Assets Fertile soils Clean water Forests Biodiversity
- 21. Environmental Assets Yield Income Support livelihoods Provide safety nets Contribute to public health Drive economic growth
- 22. Natural Resource and Environmental Management Sustainable forestry and fisheries Reducing carbon emissions Urban planning Infrastructure Generate high social rates of return
- 23. Inclusive Green Economy Low carbon and more climate resilient development Improve resource efficiency Healthy and more resilient ecosystems Greater economic opportunities Social justice for the poor
- 24. Inclusive Green Economy Pathways POVERTY REDUCTION Access to and equitable management of human capital Access to safe water and sanitation services Improve air quality and limit exposure to toxic chemicals Demand for low-carbon goods and services Excess to renewable energy technologies POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Rights and empowerment Livelihoods and employment Health & Well- Being Resilience and security POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2. Achieve Universal Primary Education 3. Gender Equality 4. Reduce Child Mortality 5. Improve maternal health 6. Combat major diseases 7. Environmental Protection 8. Global Partnership
- 25. Livelihoods Poor dependent on environmental assets – farming, fishing, hunting, recycling, water and energy distribution “GDP of Poor” – 47% to 89% non- marketed goods and services
- 26. Environmental Assets Under-valued by markets “Safety Net” route out of poverty
- 27. Health Linked to quality of environment Preventive measures more cost-effective than treatment
- 28. Inclusive Green Economy Better and more equitable health outcomes More secure access to water and agricultural land Access to clean household energy Improved environmental infrastructure for sanitation, drainage and waste collection “Green” urban transport
- 29. Resilience Poor and vulnerable groups affected by climate related shocks
- 30. Inclusive Green Economy Generate income Employment opportunities Route out of poverty Unleash capacity of poor Expanding opportunities for new products, services and technologies
- 31. Eight Key Sectors 1. Agriculture 2. Forestry 3. Fishing 4. Energy 5. Resource-intensive manufacturing 6. Recycling 7. Buildings 8. Transport
- 32. Example Greener farming practices – organic farming REDD+ (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) Ecotourism Energy efficient, emission reducing technology and climate proofed infrastructure Renewable energy
- 33. Green Technologies Generate new income Employment opportunities Export-led growth Investment in R&D
- 34. “Green Jobs” Public employment schemes Informal waste sector Small-scale natural resource management
- 35. Enabling Conditions for Inclusive Green Economy
- 36. National Policy Objectives 1. Leading role and political commitment 2. Safeguarding poor against adverse impacts 3. Maximizing opportunities to capture benefits
- 37. Reforms Governance Institutional Regulatory Tax Expenditure-based economic policies Incentive mechanisms Social protection policies
- 38. Key Messages for Policy-Makers
- 39. Myanmar Face economic, social and environmental challenges Overcoming poverty and inequality Ecosystems degradation Climate Change Major threat to livelihoods and economies
- 40. “Business as Usual” Strategies No longer economically socially or environmentally sustainable
- 41. New Approach Accelerate poverty reduction More equitable and sustainable development
- 42. Inclusive Green Growth Alternative pathway Low-carbon and climate-resilient development Improved resource efficiency Healthy and resilient ecosystems Economic opportunities and social justice
- 43. Investing in improved resource efficiency and environmental management Sustainable forestry and fisheries Reducing carbon emissions Urban planning and infrastructure
- 44. Inclusive Green Growth Policy, Institutional and Governance Reforms Targeted investments at local and national levels needed Poor and vulnerable groups participate in, contribute to and benefit
- 45. Investing in improved resource efficiency and environment management Alternative pathway Low-carbon and climate-resilient development Healthy and resilient ecosystems
- 47. Conditions Three Separate Related
- 48. 1. Political Commitment Government’s leading role Transition to inclusive green economy
- 49. 2. Safeguarding Poor Adverse impacts during transition
- 50. 3.Maximizing Opportunities Of Poor Capture benefits
- 51. Transition Five critical “Building Blocks” Framework for shared policy agenda Government, Civil Society, Private Sector
- 52. Towards Inclusive Green Economy
- 53. Building Blocks 1 National Economic & Social Policies 2 Local Rights & Capacities 3 Inclusive Green Markets 4 Harmonized International policies & support 5 New metrics for measuring progress
- 54. 1. National Economic & Social Policies
- 55. Government Promote rural and urban development Review economic and social policies Fiscal/Monetary policies Tax regimes Micro-credit services Social protection measures Public works programs
- 56. Government Capture higher economic returns from: Investments in sustainable use of ecosystems Low-carbon and climate resilient development
- 57. 2. Local Rights and Capacities
- 58. Poor women and men Need rights and security of tenure Means and incentives to sustainably manage and benefit from natural resource wealth Right to information, participation and access to justice Voice in decisions affecting how natural assets are managed and benefits distributed
- 59. 3. Inclusive Green Markets
- 60. Inclusive Green Markets Build and expand poor’s access to markets and supply chains for green products and services Innovative business models Enabling policy and institutional environment Sustain and restore natural ecosystems Low-carbon and climate resilient development Better and more secure livelihoods
- 61. 4. Harmonized International Policies and support
- 62. Higher-income countries Ensure coherence of development, trade, technology, environmental and other relevant policies Ability of low and middle countries to succeed in transition to Inclusive Green Economy
- 63. Myanmar Development partners provide harmonized policy, investment and capacity development support Develop and implement inclusive green economy transition strategies
- 64. 5. New tools to measure progress
- 65. New Tools Beyond narrow focus on income poverty and GDP Broader way of tracking economic, social and environmental progress and well-being
- 66. Stakeholders Government Private Sector NGOs Development partners Poor and vulnerable groups Join forces Find new and innovative ways to work together
- 67. MOVING FORWARD
- 68. Inclusive Green Economy Not ‘retrofitting’ of existing economic system Empowers and engage poor Interests, knowledge and priorities of poor communities
- 69. Inclusive Green Economy Innovations Local/Global cooperation Policy learning Experience sharing All stakeholders – State, poor and vulnerable, private sector, NGOs, development partners – join forces