Chattanooga, Tennessee took steps in the 1960s to address its extremely polluted air and river through its Vision 2000 program, which encouraged zero-emission industries, replaced diesel buses, increased recycling, improved low-income housing, created a riverfront park and aquarium. This case study shows how a city can transform itself from one of the dirtiest in the US to a more sustainable environment.
Green technology aims to reduce environmental impact through more sustainable practices. It encompasses areas like green chemistry, green nanotechnology, green building, green IT, and green energy. Green chemistry principles focus on reducing waste and hazardous materials. Green nanotechnology applies nanoscience to make processes more environmentally friendly. Green building uses renewable materials and solar energy to reduce environmental impact. Green IT focuses on improving energy efficiency of computing systems. Green energy generates power from renewable sources like solar and wind to reduce pollution. Triple bottom line accounting and corporate social responsibility integrate environmental and social metrics with financial performance.
Green technology aims to develop and apply technologies that are environmentally friendly and resource efficient. It covers areas like green chemistry, green nanotechnology, green building, green IT, and green energy. The goals are sustainability, reducing waste and pollution, innovation, and economic viability. Green chemistry uses principles like prevention of waste, safer solvents and materials. Green nanotechnology minimizes environmental risks of nanotechnology. Green buildings use renewable materials and energy generation. Green IT improves energy efficiency of computing. Green energy develops power from renewable sources like solar and wind. Green marketing considers environmental impacts in the 4Ps of product, price, place and promotion. The triple bottom line model evaluates financial, social and environmental impacts and is linked to corporate social responsibility
To save the Environment, we have to first improve our economy and lead to green economy from present brown economy by the following means shown in presentation.
Cleaner Production - it is the major advancement in the chemical industry or in all sectors. I have provided this file its all about TEXTILE INDUSTRIES with CP. So go through it.
This document discusses the growing importance of sustainability for businesses. Consumer awareness of environmental and social issues is increasing, as is societal expectations for corporations to operate sustainably. Multiple stakeholders are driving business change by demanding sustainability. A sustainable business looks at operations through an environmental lens, eliminates toxins, designs for the environment, improves energy and materials efficiency, engages with communities, and exhibits transparent governance. Sustainability provides strategic and financial benefits like reduced costs, improved productivity and reputation, and access to new markets. The trends indicate sustainability will continue growing in importance.
This chapter discusses economics, the environment, and sustainability. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Economic systems depend on natural, human, and manufactured capital. Markets fail to fully account for environmental costs, so governments intervene through various policies. Moving to a more sustainable economy will require shifting subsidies from polluting to green industries, taxing pollution over profits, and creating new green jobs in renewable energy and recycling.
The document discusses the concept of an inclusive green economy as a new development model for Myanmar. It notes the current economic, social, and environmental challenges the country faces from poverty, inequality and ecosystem degradation. A business-as-usual approach is no longer sustainable. An inclusive green economy aims to generate more inclusive and sustainable growth through low-carbon development, resource efficiency, and improved management of natural resources and environmental risks while benefiting poor and vulnerable groups. It identifies key sectors and policies needed for a transition, including strengthening local resource rights, inclusive green markets, harmonized international support, and new metrics for measuring progress.
This document discusses the concept of cleaner production. It begins by defining cleaner production as a preventative approach to environmental management that aims to increase efficiency and reduce waste and pollution in production processes, products, and services. It then outlines some of the key principles of cleaner production, including conserving resources, reducing impacts across product lifecycles, and incorporating environmental concerns into services. The document also discusses strategies for cleaner production like waste prevention and input substitution. It notes that cleaner production provides ecological, economic, and social benefits for industry.
Green technology aims to reduce environmental impact through more sustainable practices. It encompasses areas like green chemistry, green nanotechnology, green building, green IT, and green energy. Green chemistry principles focus on reducing waste and hazardous materials. Green nanotechnology applies nanoscience to make processes more environmentally friendly. Green building uses renewable materials and solar energy to reduce environmental impact. Green IT focuses on improving energy efficiency of computing systems. Green energy generates power from renewable sources like solar and wind to reduce pollution. Triple bottom line accounting and corporate social responsibility integrate environmental and social metrics with financial performance.
Green technology aims to develop and apply technologies that are environmentally friendly and resource efficient. It covers areas like green chemistry, green nanotechnology, green building, green IT, and green energy. The goals are sustainability, reducing waste and pollution, innovation, and economic viability. Green chemistry uses principles like prevention of waste, safer solvents and materials. Green nanotechnology minimizes environmental risks of nanotechnology. Green buildings use renewable materials and energy generation. Green IT improves energy efficiency of computing. Green energy develops power from renewable sources like solar and wind. Green marketing considers environmental impacts in the 4Ps of product, price, place and promotion. The triple bottom line model evaluates financial, social and environmental impacts and is linked to corporate social responsibility
To save the Environment, we have to first improve our economy and lead to green economy from present brown economy by the following means shown in presentation.
Cleaner Production - it is the major advancement in the chemical industry or in all sectors. I have provided this file its all about TEXTILE INDUSTRIES with CP. So go through it.
This document discusses the growing importance of sustainability for businesses. Consumer awareness of environmental and social issues is increasing, as is societal expectations for corporations to operate sustainably. Multiple stakeholders are driving business change by demanding sustainability. A sustainable business looks at operations through an environmental lens, eliminates toxins, designs for the environment, improves energy and materials efficiency, engages with communities, and exhibits transparent governance. Sustainability provides strategic and financial benefits like reduced costs, improved productivity and reputation, and access to new markets. The trends indicate sustainability will continue growing in importance.
This chapter discusses economics, the environment, and sustainability. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Economic systems depend on natural, human, and manufactured capital. Markets fail to fully account for environmental costs, so governments intervene through various policies. Moving to a more sustainable economy will require shifting subsidies from polluting to green industries, taxing pollution over profits, and creating new green jobs in renewable energy and recycling.
The document discusses the concept of an inclusive green economy as a new development model for Myanmar. It notes the current economic, social, and environmental challenges the country faces from poverty, inequality and ecosystem degradation. A business-as-usual approach is no longer sustainable. An inclusive green economy aims to generate more inclusive and sustainable growth through low-carbon development, resource efficiency, and improved management of natural resources and environmental risks while benefiting poor and vulnerable groups. It identifies key sectors and policies needed for a transition, including strengthening local resource rights, inclusive green markets, harmonized international support, and new metrics for measuring progress.
This document discusses the concept of cleaner production. It begins by defining cleaner production as a preventative approach to environmental management that aims to increase efficiency and reduce waste and pollution in production processes, products, and services. It then outlines some of the key principles of cleaner production, including conserving resources, reducing impacts across product lifecycles, and incorporating environmental concerns into services. The document also discusses strategies for cleaner production like waste prevention and input substitution. It notes that cleaner production provides ecological, economic, and social benefits for industry.
The OECD Green Growth Strategy and its measurement framework aims to foster economic growth while ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources. It presents a conceptual framework and set of indicators to monitor progress towards green growth. The framework includes indicators on environmental productivity, the natural asset base, environmental quality of life, and economic opportunities. It is applied in OECD analysis and country reviews to help countries advance green growth measurement and policies. Ongoing work includes filling data gaps, refining indicators, and increasing country coverage to further support monitoring progress on green growth.
Sustainability for Ag 101 Nottawasaga 21 jan 2014Nick Betts
Presentation was given to a room of farmers in Ontario, outlining the background to sustainability, how sustainability will affect you on-farm and how the industry is moving forward.
Industrial ecology- the missing link for sustainable resource recoveryGrant Musgrove
Industrial ecology and resource recovery present opportunities for more sustainable resource use. Current systems are often linear rather than circular, and barriers include inconsistent regulations, high approval costs, and a lack of coordination between industries. The development of industrial ecology precincts and a partner identification program could help by facilitating symbiotic relationships and new investment opportunities between organizations to reduce waste and increase renewable energy and commodity recovery. Transitioning to industrial ecology requires risk-based regulation that incentivizes recycling by treating some wastes as resources when environmental risks are low.
Sustainability & Tech Roadmaps - Ontario Clean Technology Business to Busine...MaRS Discovery District
The vision of Masdar City (the world’s first zero-carbon city to be created before 2020) was shared by the Masdar City team at a September 16, 2009, business-to-business seminar held at MaRS.
The seminar attracted nearly 70 cleantech suppliers, green technology leaders, government policy makers and sector funders. This is an overview of the Masdar City Sustainability & Tech Roadmaps, presented at this seminar.
Hospitality Sustainability Presentation at Cornell University Oct15 2007Neel Inamdar
The document discusses sustainability in the hospitality industry. It provides statistics on buildings' environmental impacts and perceived advantages of green building. It then outlines recommendations and best practices for hotels to implement more sustainable operations, including establishing environmental policies, training staff, conducting audits, reducing energy and water usage, improving waste management, sustainable purchasing, and supporting local communities. The overall document provides guidance to hotel managers on transitioning to more sustainable business practices.
Are We There Yet: The State of Natural Capital ValuationSustainable Brands
Michelle Lapinski, Senior Advisor, Valuing Nature, The Nature Conservancy
Libby Bernick, Senior Vice President, North America, Trucost
Connie Hensler, Director, Corporate LCA Programs, Interface
What progress have the last 12 months seen in translating the value of natural capital in a language the business world hears loud and clear? What new tools and modeling exercises are emerging, and where can one look for a reasonable beginner-level road map?
Peter_first session_Chile CE policy instruments.pdfOECD Environment
This document discusses policy instruments for a circular economy. It defines a circular economy as having increased material efficiency through slower material loops and closing material loops. Economic instruments can help achieve circular economy objectives at lower cost by incentivizing innovation. Types of economic instruments include taxes, tradeable permits, deposit-refund systems, and subsidies. Such instruments can provide incentives throughout the product lifecycle in areas like product design, material sourcing, production, consumption, and end-of-life treatment. However, economic instruments are still insufficiently used and need to be embedded in broader policy mixes to be effective.
Presentation on Green Technology which covers it Introduction, Categories, Goals and lastly three case studies about aero farms, Virtual Power Plant and Singapore Green Plan 2030.
Biomimicry involves studying nature's designs and processes to solve human problems. Examples include termite mounds inspiring building designs with natural ventilation, and gecko feet inspiring reusable adhesive tapes. Nature's solutions are often highly efficient, using minimal energy and resources and producing no waste. Biomimicry advocates studying how nature fits form to function, rewards cooperation, and avoids excess to design more sustainable human systems and innovations.
Put together by
Camille Maxwell, Director of Northeast Shores Development Corporation
Sammy Catania, Development Manager, Tremont West Development Corporation
Ben Campbell, Buciness Development DIrector, Slavic Village Development Corporation
Deepa Vedavyas, Associate Director for Development, Buckeye Area Development Corporation
Matt Lasko, Housing DIrector, Detroit Shoreway Community Development Organization
Jeff Ramsey, Executive DIrector, Detroit Shoreway Community Development Organization
Anthony Whitfield, Economic Development DIrector, Fairfax Renaissance Development Corporation
The document introduces green banking guidelines issued by the State Bank of Pakistan for banks and financial institutions. It outlines the regulatory requirements for green banking, including developing environmental risk management procedures and reducing environmental impacts from banks' own operations. It then discusses key concepts of green banking like environmental risk assessment, green business facilitation, and reducing banks' own environmental impact. The roles and responsibilities of different departments in implementing green banking strategies are also covered.
This document provides information on becoming a more sustainable business. It discusses key reasons for sustainability such as cost savings, environmental benefits, and regulatory compliance. It outlines positioning approaches companies take regarding sustainability from non-compliance to leading edge. Opportunities for sustainability are presented in areas like lighting, heating/cooling, water use, waste management. Specific strategies are described for reducing energy use through lighting choices, insulation, and standby power management. Water and waste reduction strategies are also presented.
The document introduces green banking guidelines issued by the State Bank of Pakistan for banks and financial institutions. It outlines the regulatory requirements for green banking, including developing policies and procedures to identify, assess, and monitor environmental risks. It defines green banking and culture, and discusses objectives like reducing vulnerability from environmental risks and facilitating sustainable development. Key areas of green banking are identified as environmental risk management, green business facilitation, and reducing banks' own environmental impacts. Roles and responsibilities for implementation are also covered.
Presentation used for students in the Nitrogen course of prof. JW Erisman at Leiden University to explain some essentias of economics in the Dutch nitrogen crisis
The document discusses sustainable tourism and provides examples of sustainable business practices. It argues that sustainability creates long-term value by embracing opportunities and managing risks across economic, environmental and social issues. Sustainable tourism can benefit communities through cultural tourism, local spending and partnerships with NGOs. The right approach considers transportation, lodging, local purchasing and engaging with indigenous peoples while conserving resources.
The evolution of green buildings in nigeria amfacilities
This document discusses the evolution of green building in Nigeria. It begins by defining green buildings as those that increase energy and water efficiency while reducing environmental impacts. It then outlines the global trends in green building, noting increased adoption by real estate professionals and corporate clients. In Nigeria, factors inhibiting green building development include lack of policies, expertise, and awareness. The document discusses green building rating systems and certification processes, as well as sustainable facility management practices. It provides case studies of green buildings in Nigeria and concludes that the country needs to join the global initiative of green building through incentives and by addressing knowledge gaps.
This document discusses green growth as an approach to economic development that considers environmental sustainability. It defines green growth as low-carbon economic growth that integrates economic, social, and environmental pillars of sustainable development. The document outlines green growth paths like eco-efficiency and eco-effectiveness, and strategies to address climate change through investments in infrastructure, cleaner production, and environmental laws. It also discusses promoting green growth in the Philippines through the Clean Development Mechanism and challenges to implementing green strategies.
This document provides an outline of key concepts in ecological economics, including:
1) It compares classical, neoclassical, and ecological economic worldviews and their treatment of natural resources.
2) It discusses concepts like carrying capacity, limits to growth, and natural capital accounting.
3) It examines population issues, scarcity, and tools like cost-benefit analysis and emissions trading to incorporate environmental costs.
A Comprehensive Guide on Cable Location Services Detections Method, Tools, an...Aussie Hydro-Vac Services
Explore Aussie Hydrovac's comprehensive cable location services, employing advanced tools like ground-penetrating radar and robotic CCTV crawlers for precise detection. Also offering aerial surveying solutions. Contact for reliable service in Australia.
The OECD Green Growth Strategy and its measurement framework aims to foster economic growth while ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources. It presents a conceptual framework and set of indicators to monitor progress towards green growth. The framework includes indicators on environmental productivity, the natural asset base, environmental quality of life, and economic opportunities. It is applied in OECD analysis and country reviews to help countries advance green growth measurement and policies. Ongoing work includes filling data gaps, refining indicators, and increasing country coverage to further support monitoring progress on green growth.
Sustainability for Ag 101 Nottawasaga 21 jan 2014Nick Betts
Presentation was given to a room of farmers in Ontario, outlining the background to sustainability, how sustainability will affect you on-farm and how the industry is moving forward.
Industrial ecology- the missing link for sustainable resource recoveryGrant Musgrove
Industrial ecology and resource recovery present opportunities for more sustainable resource use. Current systems are often linear rather than circular, and barriers include inconsistent regulations, high approval costs, and a lack of coordination between industries. The development of industrial ecology precincts and a partner identification program could help by facilitating symbiotic relationships and new investment opportunities between organizations to reduce waste and increase renewable energy and commodity recovery. Transitioning to industrial ecology requires risk-based regulation that incentivizes recycling by treating some wastes as resources when environmental risks are low.
Sustainability & Tech Roadmaps - Ontario Clean Technology Business to Busine...MaRS Discovery District
The vision of Masdar City (the world’s first zero-carbon city to be created before 2020) was shared by the Masdar City team at a September 16, 2009, business-to-business seminar held at MaRS.
The seminar attracted nearly 70 cleantech suppliers, green technology leaders, government policy makers and sector funders. This is an overview of the Masdar City Sustainability & Tech Roadmaps, presented at this seminar.
Hospitality Sustainability Presentation at Cornell University Oct15 2007Neel Inamdar
The document discusses sustainability in the hospitality industry. It provides statistics on buildings' environmental impacts and perceived advantages of green building. It then outlines recommendations and best practices for hotels to implement more sustainable operations, including establishing environmental policies, training staff, conducting audits, reducing energy and water usage, improving waste management, sustainable purchasing, and supporting local communities. The overall document provides guidance to hotel managers on transitioning to more sustainable business practices.
Are We There Yet: The State of Natural Capital ValuationSustainable Brands
Michelle Lapinski, Senior Advisor, Valuing Nature, The Nature Conservancy
Libby Bernick, Senior Vice President, North America, Trucost
Connie Hensler, Director, Corporate LCA Programs, Interface
What progress have the last 12 months seen in translating the value of natural capital in a language the business world hears loud and clear? What new tools and modeling exercises are emerging, and where can one look for a reasonable beginner-level road map?
Peter_first session_Chile CE policy instruments.pdfOECD Environment
This document discusses policy instruments for a circular economy. It defines a circular economy as having increased material efficiency through slower material loops and closing material loops. Economic instruments can help achieve circular economy objectives at lower cost by incentivizing innovation. Types of economic instruments include taxes, tradeable permits, deposit-refund systems, and subsidies. Such instruments can provide incentives throughout the product lifecycle in areas like product design, material sourcing, production, consumption, and end-of-life treatment. However, economic instruments are still insufficiently used and need to be embedded in broader policy mixes to be effective.
Presentation on Green Technology which covers it Introduction, Categories, Goals and lastly three case studies about aero farms, Virtual Power Plant and Singapore Green Plan 2030.
Biomimicry involves studying nature's designs and processes to solve human problems. Examples include termite mounds inspiring building designs with natural ventilation, and gecko feet inspiring reusable adhesive tapes. Nature's solutions are often highly efficient, using minimal energy and resources and producing no waste. Biomimicry advocates studying how nature fits form to function, rewards cooperation, and avoids excess to design more sustainable human systems and innovations.
Put together by
Camille Maxwell, Director of Northeast Shores Development Corporation
Sammy Catania, Development Manager, Tremont West Development Corporation
Ben Campbell, Buciness Development DIrector, Slavic Village Development Corporation
Deepa Vedavyas, Associate Director for Development, Buckeye Area Development Corporation
Matt Lasko, Housing DIrector, Detroit Shoreway Community Development Organization
Jeff Ramsey, Executive DIrector, Detroit Shoreway Community Development Organization
Anthony Whitfield, Economic Development DIrector, Fairfax Renaissance Development Corporation
The document introduces green banking guidelines issued by the State Bank of Pakistan for banks and financial institutions. It outlines the regulatory requirements for green banking, including developing environmental risk management procedures and reducing environmental impacts from banks' own operations. It then discusses key concepts of green banking like environmental risk assessment, green business facilitation, and reducing banks' own environmental impact. The roles and responsibilities of different departments in implementing green banking strategies are also covered.
This document provides information on becoming a more sustainable business. It discusses key reasons for sustainability such as cost savings, environmental benefits, and regulatory compliance. It outlines positioning approaches companies take regarding sustainability from non-compliance to leading edge. Opportunities for sustainability are presented in areas like lighting, heating/cooling, water use, waste management. Specific strategies are described for reducing energy use through lighting choices, insulation, and standby power management. Water and waste reduction strategies are also presented.
The document introduces green banking guidelines issued by the State Bank of Pakistan for banks and financial institutions. It outlines the regulatory requirements for green banking, including developing policies and procedures to identify, assess, and monitor environmental risks. It defines green banking and culture, and discusses objectives like reducing vulnerability from environmental risks and facilitating sustainable development. Key areas of green banking are identified as environmental risk management, green business facilitation, and reducing banks' own environmental impacts. Roles and responsibilities for implementation are also covered.
Presentation used for students in the Nitrogen course of prof. JW Erisman at Leiden University to explain some essentias of economics in the Dutch nitrogen crisis
The document discusses sustainable tourism and provides examples of sustainable business practices. It argues that sustainability creates long-term value by embracing opportunities and managing risks across economic, environmental and social issues. Sustainable tourism can benefit communities through cultural tourism, local spending and partnerships with NGOs. The right approach considers transportation, lodging, local purchasing and engaging with indigenous peoples while conserving resources.
The evolution of green buildings in nigeria amfacilities
This document discusses the evolution of green building in Nigeria. It begins by defining green buildings as those that increase energy and water efficiency while reducing environmental impacts. It then outlines the global trends in green building, noting increased adoption by real estate professionals and corporate clients. In Nigeria, factors inhibiting green building development include lack of policies, expertise, and awareness. The document discusses green building rating systems and certification processes, as well as sustainable facility management practices. It provides case studies of green buildings in Nigeria and concludes that the country needs to join the global initiative of green building through incentives and by addressing knowledge gaps.
This document discusses green growth as an approach to economic development that considers environmental sustainability. It defines green growth as low-carbon economic growth that integrates economic, social, and environmental pillars of sustainable development. The document outlines green growth paths like eco-efficiency and eco-effectiveness, and strategies to address climate change through investments in infrastructure, cleaner production, and environmental laws. It also discusses promoting green growth in the Philippines through the Clean Development Mechanism and challenges to implementing green strategies.
This document provides an outline of key concepts in ecological economics, including:
1) It compares classical, neoclassical, and ecological economic worldviews and their treatment of natural resources.
2) It discusses concepts like carrying capacity, limits to growth, and natural capital accounting.
3) It examines population issues, scarcity, and tools like cost-benefit analysis and emissions trading to incorporate environmental costs.
A Comprehensive Guide on Cable Location Services Detections Method, Tools, an...Aussie Hydro-Vac Services
Explore Aussie Hydrovac's comprehensive cable location services, employing advanced tools like ground-penetrating radar and robotic CCTV crawlers for precise detection. Also offering aerial surveying solutions. Contact for reliable service in Australia.
There is a tremendous amount of news being disseminated every day online about dangerous forever chemicals called PFAS. In this interview with a global PFAS testing expert, Geraint Williams of ALS, he and York Analytical President Michael Beckerich discuss the hot-button issues for the environmental engineering and consulting industry -- the wider range of PFAS contamination sites, new PFAS that are unregulated, and the compliance challenges ahead.
Widespread PFAS contamination requires stringent sampling and laboratory analyses by certified laboratories only -- whether it is for PFAS in soil, groundwater, wastewater or drinking water.
Contact us at York Analytical Laboratories for expert environmental testing with fast turnaround times and client service. We have 4 state-certified laboratories in Connecticut, New York and New Jersey, and 4 client service centers.
P: 800-306-YORK
E: clientservices@YorkLab.com
W: YorkLab.com
Download the Latest OSHA 10 Answers PDF : oyetrade.comNarendra Jayas
Latest OSHA 10 Test Question and Answers PDF for Construction and General Industry Exam.
Download the full set of 390 MCQ type question and answers - https://www.oyetrade.com/OSHA-10-Answers-2021.php
To Help OSHA 10 trainees to pass their pre-test and post-test we have prepared set of 390 question and answers called OSHA 10 Answers in downloadable PDF format. The OSHA 10 Answers question bank is prepared by our in-house highly experienced safety professionals and trainers. The OSHA 10 Answers document consists of 390 MCQ type question and answers updated for year 2024 exams.
Exploring low emissions development opportunities in food systemsCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Christopher Martius (CIFOR-ICRAF) at "Side event 60th sessions of the UNFCCC Subsidiary Bodies - Sustainable Bites: Innovating Low Emission Food Systems One Country at a Time" on 13 June 2024
The modification of an existing product or the formulation of a new product to fill a newly identified market niche or customer need are both examples of product development. This study generally developed and conducted the formulation of aramang baked products enriched with malunggay conducted by the researchers. Specifically, it answered the acceptability level in terms of taste, texture, flavor, odor, and color also the overall acceptability of enriched aramang baked products. The study used the frequency distribution for evaluators to determine the acceptability of enriched aramang baked products enriched with malunggay. As per sensory evaluation conducted by the researchers, it was proven that aramang baked products enriched with malunggay was acceptable in terms of Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color, and Texture. Based on the results of sensory evaluation of enriched aramang baked products proven that three (3) treatments were all highly acceptable in terms of variable Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color and Textures conducted by the researchers.
Trichogramma spp. is an efficient egg parasitoids that potentially assist to manage the insect-pests from the field condition by parasiting the host eggs. To mass culture this egg parasitoids effectively, we need to culture another stored grain pest- Rice Meal Moth (Corcyra Cephalonica). After rearing this pest, the eggs of Corcyra will carry the potential Trichogramma spp., which is an Hymenopteran Wasp. The detailed Methodologies of rearing both Corcyra Cephalonica and Trichogramma spp. have described on this ppt.
2. Core Case Study: Chattanooga,
Tennessee
• 1960s: dirtiest air in the U.S. and polluted
river
• Vision 2000
– Encouraged zero-emission industries
– Replaced diesel buses
– Recycling
– Improved low-income housing
– Riverfront park
– Aquarium
4. 17-1 How Are Economic Systems
Related to the Biosphere?
• Concept 17-1 Ecological economists
regard human economic systems as
subsystems of the biosphere.
5. Resources Supporting
Economic Systems (1)
• Economics
–Production, distribution, and
consumption of goods and services to
satisfy wants and needs
–Market-based systems interact through
sellers and buyers
–Supply and demand determines prices
13. Solar Capital
Economic
Systems
Production
Consumption
Natural Capital
Natural resources
such as air, land, soil,
biodiversity, minerals,
and energy, and natural
services such as air and
water purification,
nutrient cycling, and
climate control
Pollution and waste
(overloading nature’s waste
disposal and recycling systems)
Degradation of renewable
resources
(used faster than replenished)
Depletion of nonrenewable
resources
Heat
Goods and services
Fig. 17-4, p. 427
14. 17-2 How Can We Use Economic Tools
to Deal with Environmental Problems?
• Concept 17-2 We can use resources
more sustainably by including their
harmful environmental and health
costs in the market prices of goods
and services (full-cost pricing),
subsidizing environmentally beneficial
goods and services, taxing pollution
and waste instead of wages and
profits, and reducing poverty.
15. External Costs (1)
• Market price leaves out
environmental and health costs
associated with its production =
external costs (hidden costs)
• Goods and services exclude external
costs
16. External Costs (2)
• Excluding external costs
–Hinders development of green goods
and services
–Promotes pollution
–Fosters waste and environmental
degradation
17. Use of Environmental Economic
Indicators
• Gross domestic product (GDP)
does not measure environmental
degradation
• Green indicators
• Genuine progress indicator (GPI)
monitors environmental well-being
18. Genuine Progress Indicator
= + -
Genuine
progress
indicator
Benefits not
included in
market transactions
Harmful
environmental
& social costs
GDP
20. Include Harmful Environmental Costs in
Prices of Goods and Services
• Environmentally honest market system
• Not widely used
–Wasteful and harmful producers would go
out of business
–Difficult to estimate environmental costs
–Most consumers do not connect
environmental costs with purchases
• Government action needed
21. Reward Environmentally
Sustainable Businesses
• Encourage shifts
–Phase out harmful subsidies and tax
breaks
–Phase in environmentally beneficial
subsidies
• Harmful subsidies cost $2 trillion per
year globally
23. Fig. 17-6, p. 430
Disadvantages
Trade-Offs
Low-income groups are
penalized unless safety
nets are provided
Hard to determine optimal
level for taxes and fees
Governments may use
money as general revenue
instead of improving
environmental quality and
reducing taxes on income,
payroll, and profits
Help bring about full-cost
pricing
Encourage businesses to
develop environmentally
beneficial technologies and
goods to save money
Easily administered by
existing tax agencies
Fairly easy to detect cheaters
Advantages
Environmental Taxes and Fees
24. Tax Pollution and Waste
• Green taxes discourage pollution and
waste
• Current tax system
–Discourages jobs and profit-driven
innovation
–Encourages pollution, resource waste,
degradation
• Tax shift towards green taxes needed
25. Encouraging Innovations
• Regulation
• Laws – command and control
• Incentive-based regulations
• European experience positive for
innovation-friendly regulations
26. Use of the Marketplace
• Incentive-based model
• Government caps on total pollution
levels
–Tradable pollution
–Resource-use permits
• Shown to reduce pollution
28. Fig. 17-7, p. 431
Confront ethical problem of
how much pollution or
resource waste is acceptable
Big polluters and resource
wasters can buy their way out
May not reduce pollution at
dirtiest plants
Can exclude small companies
from buying permits
Caps can be too high and not
regularly reduced to promote
progress
Self-monitoring of emissions
can promote cheating
Flexible
Easy to administer
Encourage pollution
prevention and waste
reduction
Permit prices determined by
market transactions
Disadvantages
Trade-Offs
Advantages
Tradable Environmental Permits
29. Selling Services Instead of
Things
• Shift from material-flow economy to
service-flow economy
• Make more money by eco-leasing
• Eco-leasing examples
–Xerox
–Carrier
30. Individuals Matter: Ray
Anderson
• Inspired by Hawken’s The Ecology of
Commerce
• His Interface tile company
–Reduced solid waste 75%
–Reduced gas emission 82%
–Lowered energy consumption 27%
–Electricity from renewable sources 88%
–Saved $393 million
31. Reducing Poverty Helps the
Environment
• Poverty – harmful health and
environmental effects
• Reducing poverty benefits individuals,
economies, and the environment
32. Actions to Reduce Poverty
• Combat malnutrition
• Combat infectious diseases
• Provide primary school education
• Stabilize population growth
• Reduce national ecological footprints
• Invest in small-scale infrastructure
• Encourage small loans to poor people
33. Individuals Matter: Muhammad
Yunus and Microloans
• Poor lack credit record and assets for
loans
• Microcredit
• Grameen Bank, Bangladesh
–Repayment rate of 95%
–Inspired other microloan projects
34. Millennium Development Goals
• Reduce poverty, hunger, and improve
health care
• Developed countries agreed to
devote 0.7% of national income
• Average has only been 0.28%
36. U.S. pet foods
U.S. cosmetics
U.S. foreign aid
U.S. EPA
$1.2 trillion
World military
Expenditures per year (2006)
U.S. highways
U.S. military $560 billion
(including Iraq)
$8 billion
$8 billion
$8 billion
$29 billion
$22 billion
$19 billion
U.S. potato chips
and similar snacks
Fig. 17-8, p. 433
38. Expenditures per year needed to
Reforest
the earth
Protect
tropical forests
Restore
rangelands
Stabilize
water tables
Deal with global
HIV/AIDS
Restore
fisheries
Provide universal
primary education and
eliminate illiteracy
Protect topsoil
on cropland
Protect
biodiversity
Provide basic
health care for all
Provide clean drinking
water and sewage
treatment for all
Eliminate hunger
and malnutrition
$48 billion
$245 billion
$33 billion
$24 billion
$31 billion
$16 billion
$13 billion
$10 billion
$10 billion
$9 billion
$8 billion
$6 billion
$37 billion
Fig. 17-8, p. 433
Total Earth Restoration and Social Budget
42. Fig. 17-10, p. 435
Reward (subsidize) environmentally
sustainable economic development
Penalize (tax and do not subsidize)
environmentally harmful economic growth
Shift taxes from wages and profits to
pollution and waste
Use full-cost pricing
Sell more services instead of more things
Do not deplete or degrade natural capital
Live off income from natural capital
Reduce poverty
Use environmental indicators to measure
progress
Certify sustainable practices and products
Use eco-labels on products
Cut resource use and waste by reducing,
reusing, and recycling
Improve energy efficiency
Rely more on renewable solar, wind and
geothermal energy
Shift from a nonrenewable carbon-based
(fossil fuel) economy to a non-carbon
renewable energy economy
Mimic nature
Preserve biodiversity
Repair ecological damage
Stabilize human population
Economics
Resource Use and Pollution
Ecology and Population
Environmentally
Sustainable
Economy
(Eco-Economy)
43. Environmentally
Sustainable
Economy
(Eco-Economy)
Economics
Reward (subsidize) environmentally sustainable
economic development
Penalize (tax and do not subsidize) environmentally
harmful economic growth
Shift taxes from wages and profits to pollution and waste
Use full-cost pricing
Sell more services instead of more things
Do not deplete or degrade natural capital
Live off income from natural capital
Reduce poverty
Use environmental indicators to measure progress
Certify sustainable practices and products
Use eco-labels on products
Stepped Art
Resource Use and Pollution
Cut resource use and waste by reducing, reusing,
and recycling
Improve energy efficiency
Rely more on renewable solar and geothermal energy
Shift from a nonrenewable carbon-based (fossil fuel)
economy to a non-carbon renewable energy economy
Ecology and Population
Mimic nature
Preserve biodiversity
Repair ecological damage
Stabilize human population
Fig. 17-10, p. 435
45. 17-3 How Can We Implement More Sustainable
and Just Environmental Policies?
• Concept 17-3 Individuals can work
together to become part of political
processes that influence how
environmental policies are made and
implemented. (Individuals matter)
46. Democracies
• Policies
• Politics
• Democracy
• Political institutions
–Legislative
–Executive
–Judicial
–Federal, state and local governments
47. Democratic Government and
Environmental Problems
• Complex problems – biodiversity,
climate change
• Long-term problems need integrated
solutions
• Lack of environmental knowledge of
political leaders
49. Principles for Environmental
Policies (2)
• Prevention principle
• Polluter-pays principle
• Public access and participation
principle
• Environmental justice principle
50. Case Study: Managing Public
Lands in the United States (1)
• Federal government manages 35% of
the country’s land
• National Forest System – U.S. Forest
Service
• Bureau of Land Management
• National Wildlife Refuges – U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service
51. Case Study: Managing Public
Lands in the United States (2)
• The National Park System
• National Wilderness Preservation
System
• Contain valuable natural resources
• Use of lands controversial
–Conservation biologists/environmental
economists
–Developers/resource extractors
52. Four Principles of Public Land
Use
1. Protect biodiversity, wildlife habitat,
and ecosystems
2. No subsidies or tax breaks to extract
natural resources
3. Fair compensation for use of property
4. Users of resource extractions
responsible for environmental damage
54. Individuals Matter
• People create change together –
grassroots
• Politics local at a fundamental level
• Be an environmental leader
–Lead by example
–Work within existing systems
–Run for local office
–Propose and work for better solutions
56. United States Environmental
Laws Under Attack
• Opposition
–Corporate leaders
–Individuals who feel threatened by
environmental laws
–State and local government officials
resent implementation of federal laws
• Most federal environmental laws and
regulatory agencies weakened since
2000
60. Individuals Matter: “Butterfly”
• Julia Hill
• 2 years in a giant redwood tree in
California
• Nonviolent civil disobedience
• Lumber company preserved her tree
and 200-foot circle around it
61. Students and Educational Institutions
Can Play Important Environmental Roles
• Student environmental awareness
increasing
• Environmental audits – change on
campuses
• Oberlin College in Ohio
63. Stronger International
Environmental Policies (1)
• United Nations
–U.N. Environmental Programme
–World Health Organization
–U.N. Development Programme
–Food and Agriculture Organization
• World Bank
• Global Environmental Facility
• World Conservation Union
64. Stronger International
Environmental Policies (2)
• International Organizations
–Expand understanding of environmental
issues
–Gather and evaluate environmental data
–Develop and monitor international
treaties
–Provide grants and loans to reduce
poverty
–Helped >100 nations develop
environmental laws and institutions
65. 17-4 What Are Some Major
Environmental Worldviews?
• Concept 17-4 Major environmental
worldviews differ over what is more
important – human needs and wants,
or the overall health of ecosystems
and the biosphere; different
worldviews include varying mixes of
both priorities.
66. Planetary Management
Worldview
• Humans apart from nature
• Manage nature to meet our needs
and wants
• Technology will keep us from running
out of resources
• Economic growth potential essentially
unlimited
• Manage earth and life for our benefit
67. Stewardship Worldview
• Ethical responsibility to be stewards
• Probably won’t run out of resources,
but don’t waste them
• Encourage environmentally beneficial
economic growth
• Success depends on managing
earth’s systems for our benefit and
the rest of nature
68. Environmental Wisdom
Worldview
• We are part of nature
• Nature exists for all species
• Resources are limited and shouldn’t
be wasted
• Encourage earth-sustaining economic
growth
• Success depends on learning about
nature and integrating ourselves into
nature
70. Fig. 17-15, p. 444
■ We have an ethical responsibility
to be caring managers, or
stewards, of the earth.
■ We will probably not run out of
resources, but they should not
be wasted.
■ We should encourage
environmentally beneficial forms
of economic growth and
discourage environmentally
harmful forms.
■ Our success depends on how
well we manage the earth's life-
support systems for our benefit
and for the rest of nature.
■ We are apart from the rest of
nature and can manage nature
to meet our increasing needs
and wants.
■ Because of our ingenuity and
technology, we will not run out
of resources.
■ The potential for economic
growth is essentially unlimited.
■ Our success depends on how
well we manage the earth's life-
support systems mostly for our
benefit.
Environmental Wisdom
Stewardship
Planetary Management
Environmental Worldviews
■ We are a part of and totally
dependent on nature, and nature
exists for all species.
■ Resources are limited and should
not be wasted.
■ We should encourage earth-
sustaining forms of economic
growth and discourage earth-
degrading forms.
■ Our success depends on learning
how nature sustains itself and
integrating such lessons from
nature into the ways we think
and act.
71. Environmental Worldviews
■ Resources are limited and
should not be wasted.
Environmental Wisdom
■ We are a part of and totally
dependent on nature, and
nature exists for all species.
■ We should encourage earth-
sustaining forms of economic
growth and discourage earth-
degrading forms.
■ Our success depends on
learning how nature sustains
itself and integrating such
lessons from nature into the
ways we think and act.
Stewardship
■ We have an ethical
responsibility to be caring
managers, or stewards, of the
earth.
■ We will probably not run out
of resources, but they should
not be wasted.
■ We should encourage
environmentally beneficial forms
of economic growth and
discourage environmentally
harmful forms.
■ Our success depends on how
well we manage the earth's life-
support systems for our benefit
and for the rest of nature.
Stepped Art
Planetary Management
■ We are apart from the rest
of nature and can manage
nature to meet our increasing
needs and wants.
■ Because of our ingenuity and
technology, we will not run out
of resources.
■ The potential for economic
growth is essentially unlimited.
■ Our success depends on
how well we manage the
earth's life- support systems
mostly for our benefit.
Fig. 17-15, p. 444
72. Science Focus: Biosphere 2
• Self-sustaining glass and steel
enclosure
• Artificial ecosystems and species
from various biomes and aquatic
systems
• Unexpected problems unraveled life-
support system
• Large-scale failure of biosphere’s
species
73. 17-5 How Can We Live More
Sustainably?
• Concept 17-5 We can live more
sustainably by becoming
environmentally literate, learning from
nature, living more simply and lightly
on earth, and becoming active
environmental citizens.
74. Three Important Ideas
1. Natural capital matters
2. Our ecological footprints are
immense and are expanding rapidly
3. Ecological and climate change
tipping points are irreversible and
should never be crossed
75. Environmental Literacy (1)
• Understand as much as possible
about how earth works and sustains
itself
• Use knowledge of earth and
sustainability to guide our lives,
communities, and societies
• Understand the role of economics in
promoting sustainability
79. We Can Learn from Nature
• Kindle a sense of awe, wonder,
mystery, and humility
• Develop a sense of place
• Choose to live more simply and
sustainably
• Gandhi’s principle of enoughness
• Reduce environmental footprint
81. Fig. 17-17, p. 447
Protect biodiversity
Avoid climate-changing activities
Help maintain the earth's capacity
for self-repair
Repair ecological damage that we
have caused
Leave the world in as good a
condition as we found or better
Cultivate a passion for sustaining
all life and let this passion energize
your actions
Learn about, respect, and mimic
how nature sustains itself
Do not degrade or deplete the
earth's natural capital
Take no more from nature than
what nature can replenish
Some Guidelines for
Living More Sustainably
Solutions
Do not waste matter and energy
resources
82. Avoid the Mental Traps
• Gloom-and-doom pessimism
• Blind technological optimism
• Paralysis by analysis
• Faith in simple, easy answers
84. Fig. 17-18, p. 448
Drive an
energy-efficient
vehicle
Reduce meat consumption
Insulate your house
and plug air leaks
Use renewable energy,
especially wind and direct solar
Buy locally grown food
Use energy-efficient
heating and cooling
systems, lights, and
appliances
Buy or grow
organic food
Reduce, reuse,
and recycle
Don't use
pesticides on your
garden or lawn
Use water-saving
appliances and
irrigation methods
Walk, bike,
carpool, or take mass
transit whenever possible
Reduce car use
85. Interrelated Components of
Sustainability Revolution
• Biodiversity protection
• Commitment to eco-efficiency
• Energy transformation
• Pollution prevention
• Emphasis on sufficiency
• Demographic equilibrium
• Economic, political transformation
87. Increasing resource
use
Sustainability Emphasis
Current Emphasis
Pollution prevention
Waste prevention
Protecting habitat
Environmental
restoration
Less resource waste
Population stabilization
Protecting natural
capital
Waste disposal
(bury or burn)
Pollution cleanup
Protecting species
Environmental
degradation
Depleting and
degrading natural
capital
Population growth
Fig. 17-19, p. 449
89. Fig. 17-20, p. 450
Pollution prevention
Organic farming
Drip irrigation
Solar desalinization
Energy efficiency
Solar energy
Wind energy
Geothermal energy
Environmental nanotechnology
Eco-industrial parks
Protecting natural capital
Sustaining biodiversity
Repairing ecological damage
Addressing climate change
Environmental Concerns
Time
Social Trends
Reducing waste
Using less
Living more simply
Reusing and recycling
Growth of ecocities and
eco-neighborhoods
Environmental justice
Environmental literacy
Economic Tools
Full cost pricing
Micro-lending
Green subsidies
Green taxes
Net energy analysis
Technologies
Change
90. Three Big Ideas from This
Chapter - #1
A more sustainable economic system
would include the harmful
environmental and health costs of
producing and using goods and
services in their market prices,
subsidize environmentally beneficial
goods and services, tax pollution and
waste instead of wages and profits,
and reduce poverty.
91. Three Big Ideas from This
Chapter - #2
Individuals can work together to
become part of the political processes
that influence how environmental
policies are made and implemented.
92. Three Big Ideas from This
Chapter - #3
Living more sustainably means
becoming environmentally literate,
learning from nature, living more
simply, and becoming active
environmental citizens.