The document discusses the effect of modernity on art in three main areas. First, it examines three important thinkers - Karl Marx, who said "everything solid melts in air" in reference to modernity. Second, it explores how modernity affected the subject, style, politics, and concepts of artworks. Third, it provides examples of art movements that emerged in response to modernity and new technologies, including Impressionism, Expressionism, Pop Art, Abstract Art, Surrealism, and Socialist Realism. Key artists mentioned are Turner, Chaplin, Monet, Grosz, Hopper, Hamilton, Warhol, Courbet, Gauguin, Nolde, Picasso, Dubuffet,