The document discusses different styles and periods of Realism in art from the 19th century to today. It begins by explaining Gustave Courbet's role in founding Realism as a reaction against Romanticism, aiming to depict everyday reality. Examples are given of Realist works by Courbet, Millet, and Manet from the mid-19th century. The document then covers American Realism from the late 19th century depicting urban scenes, including the Ashcan School. Finally, it discusses Photorealism from the late 20th century which uses photographs as reference to create hyperrealistic paintings and sculptures.