Contemporary individualism has negative side effects like encouraging selfishness and destroying social cohesion. It views society as an obstacle to self-fulfillment rather than something that exists to serve individuals. Nihilism is a viewpoint that denies objective truths and sees existence as senseless. Worldviews are shaped by the groups people belong to and considerable pressure is exerted to ensure conformity. Collectivism prioritizes the group over individuals. Psychoanalysis explores how unconscious desires and emotions influence conscious thoughts and behavior. Surrealism uses irrational juxtaposition to access the unconscious mind's creative potential.

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7. • .

10. Contemporary individualism produces many negative
side-effects. By focusing attention on the individual
rather than the community, it encourages selfishness
and self-centered behaviour, forcing people apart and
into isolation. It destroys social cohesion and a sense of
social purpose. By fostering the idea that the self is
autonomous, it encourages the belief that society is an
obstacle to self-fulfillment, and that it is there to serve
the individual.

11. • Nihilism:
• a viewpoint that traditional values and beliefs
are unfounded and that existence is senseless
and useless Nihilism is a condition in which all
ultimate values lose their value.
• a doctrine that denies any objective ground of
truth and especially of moral truths

12. • As members of society we adopt world-views. A world-view is the larger point of view we have, and from where we
interpret the world. It is a collection of beliefs about life and the universe held by us and the groups to which we
belong. World-views are usually limited to readily identifiable historical, geographical, ethnic and other groupings.
Considerable pressure is exerted to ensure that members of society conform to the dominant world-view.
• World-views depend as much on what they do not include as what they do. They are exclusionary.
• In a contemporary global culture of multiple meeting-places, cultural distinctions have become blurred and confused.
However, some clear differences between world-views remain. The following observations are some generalizations.

14. Collectivism
• Collectivism – the dominance of the group over the individual.

15. • unconscious - Occurring in the absence of
conscious awareness or thought. Without
conscious control; involuntary or unintended.
Often considered a source of creative potential.
‘His art expresses his unconscious desires.’ In
psychoanalytic theory, the portion of the mind
which holds such things as memories and
repressed desires that are not subject to conscious
perception or control but often affect conscious
thoughts and behaviour. The unconscious is an
important issue to artists influenced by
Surrealism, and also to much postmodern art.

16. • psychoanalysis – A method of studying the mind pioneered by the Austrian
doctor Sigmund Freud at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the
twentieth century. Freud argued that the self - the conscious, rational mind
- is far less in control of thought and behaviour than we believe, and that
the unconscious mind, which Freud described as being fired by powerful,
unresolved, and often destructive emotions, is continuously breaking
through into everyday conscious life and causing people to behave in
irrational ways. Freud especially argued that sexual repression starting in
childhood caused deep and long-lasting harm, and advocated various
methods to free his patients.
• Analytic-psychology – an approach to mental health views a person's
beliefs and behaviors as stemming from both conscious and unconscious
beliefs developed by Carl Jung. Jung argued that our lives are dominated
by unconscious ‘archetypal symbols’ that comprise a ‘collective
unconscious.’ It is important for mental and physical well-being that we
are aware of how these symbols structure our sense of self and society as
a whole

19. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mQaqXK
7z9LM
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0KzUS0b
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20. Hieronymous Bosch, 15th century.

21. Archimboldo, 17th century

22. Caspar David Friedrich, 19th century.

23. • Art of the Insane

26. Surrealism
• a 20th-century avant-garde movement in art
and literature that sought to release the
creative potential of the unconscious mind,
for example by the irrational juxtaposition of
images.

27. Surrealists surrounding a painting by René Magritte.
The text says: ‘I can’t see the …..hidden in the forest’

28. Giorgio de Chirico, The Soothsayer's Recompense, 1913
Metaphysical Art

29. The Uncertainty of the Poet,
1913

30. The Song of Love, 1914

31. Max Ernst

33. Ernst, The Elephant Celebes, 1921

34. The Menaced Assassin, 1927

35. René Magritte, the Lovers, 1928

36. Attempting the Impossible, 1928

37. The Rape, 1934

38. The Treason of Images, 1928-29

42. Max Ernst

43. Oedipus Rex, 1922

45. The Blessed Virgin Chastises the Infant Jesus
Before Three Witnesses, 1926

46. Revolution by Night, 1923

47. Salvador Dali, The Persistence of Memory 1931

48. The Great Masturbator, 1929

50. Metamorphosis of Narcissus, 1937

51. The Face of War, 1941

52. Surrealist film
Luis Buñuel, le Chien Andalou, 1928
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=054OIVlmjUM
Surrealism in the movies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LBLvGOuDCls