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American art, 1970 to present
1. Art Since 1970
postmodernism: a reaction against modernist
formalism, seen as elitist . Far more encompassing and
accepting than the more rigid confines of modernist
practice, postmodernism offers something for everyone
by accommodating a wide range of styles, subjects, and
formats, from traditional easel painting to installation and
from abstraction to illusionism. Postmodern art often
includes irony or reveals a self-conscious awareness on
the part of the artist of art-making processes or the
workings of the art world.
-from Gardner’s Art Through the Ages
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdO9orWQ-Nk
2. Art Since 1970
Themes & Styles:
• Appropriation
(pastiche)
• Multi-media works
• Blurring of boundaries
between high vs. low
• Self-consciousness
• Deconstruction
(destabilizing
meaning)
• Socio-political nature
• Inclusiveness &
individuality
Painting is about the
world that we live in.
Black men live in the
world. My choice is to
include them. This is
my way of saying yes
to us.
-Kehinde Wiley
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3jNKBOMOTPA
Kehinde Wiley
Napoleon Leading the
Army over the Alps, 2005,
oil, American
Jacques-Louis David
Napoleon Crossing the St.
Bernard
Pass, 1801, oil, French
3. Social Art: Gender and Sexuality
CINDY SHERMAN, Untitled Film Still
#35, 1979
Barbara Kruger, Untitled (Your Gaze Hits
the Side of My Face), 1981
Photo/collage
4. “The Gaze” & Feminist Art
Ingres, Grande Odalisque, 1814, oil
Picasso, Les
Demoiselles
d’Avignon,
1907, oil
5. #1
Feminist Art & Figurative Painting
De Kooning, Woman I, 1950–1952
Jenny Saville
Branded
1992
oil on canvas
6. Feminist Art & Figurative Painting
• Return of figural oil painting
• Large-scale self-portraits
• Exaggerates size and presents
at awkward angles to distort
form
• “Brands” body with text:
“delicate”, “decorative” and
“petite”
• Commentary on popular beauty
ideals (e.g. fashion models)
Jenny Saville, Branded, 1992, oil on canvas
Kirchner, Nude under a
Japanese Umbrella, c.1909
7. Social Art: Gender and Sexuality
#2
Robert Mapplethorpe, Self-Portrait,
1980
Robert Mapplethorpe, Self-Portrait,
1988
8. Social Art: Gender and Sexuality
• Controversial artist during the 1980s
• Photographed variety of subjects,
including children, flowers, Classicallyinspired nudes & himself
• Fine Art photography (silver gelatin
prints with rich textures and tonal
variations)
• Most controversial images were
explicitly homoerotic and
sadomasochistic
• The Perfect Moment exhibition
canceled at Corcoran Gallery in D.C.,
charges of indecency
• Gay & lesbian plight against 1980s
conservatism (President Reagan) and
emergence of AIDS epidemic
Robert Mapplethorpe, Self-Portrait, 1980
• Mapplethorpe died of AIDS in 1988
9. Social Art: Race & Ethnicity
#3
Faith Ringgold
Who’s Afraid of Aunt Jemima?
1983
acrylic on canvas with fabric
10. Social Art: Race & Ethnicity
• Commentaries on racial
prejudice & gender issues
• Fabric dominant medium
(associated with domestic
realm & women)
• Collaborated with mother
• “Story quilt”
• Aunt Jemima
(stereotypical black
“mammy”)
• Here a successful AfricanAmerican businesswoman
• Text written in Black
dialect tells her story
Faith Ringgold
Who’s Afraid of Aunt Jemima?
1983
acrylic on canvas with fabric
11. Social Art: Race & Ethnicity
Aunt Jemima logo
Faith Ringgold
Who’s Afraid of Aunt Jemima?
detail
12. Social Art: Political Art & National Identity
#4
Shirin Neshat
Allegiance and Wakefulness
1994
Gelatin silver print with ink calligraphy
13. Social Art: Political Art & National Identity
• Iranian politics and gender roles
• Iranian artist raised in Westernized
home and schools
• Now lives in U.S.
• Critical of fundamentalist Islam and
its treatment of women (the veil)
• From Women of Allah series
• Farsi (Persian) poetic script on feet
frame gun (e.g. “I pray for you guardian of
the liberating Revolution”)
• Symbol of militant feminism
• Suggestive of growth of radical
Muslim female martyrs
Shirin Neshat, Turbulent, 1998, video installation
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xd6kz6_shirin-neshat-turbulent_creation
Shirin Neshat
Allegiance and Wakefulness
1994
Gelatin silver print with ink
calligraphy
15. Architecture (Postmodernist)
RICHARD ROGERS and RENZO
PIANO, Georges Pompidou National
Center of Art and Culture, 1977.
Fig. 15-36.
ALEXANDRE-GUSTAVE EIFFEL, Eiffel
Tower, 1889. Fig. 13-19.
17. Architecture (Postmodernist)
• Deconstructivism
= deconstructing
the nature of
building
• Challenge
expectation of
materials and
appearance
• Combination of
parts (on verge of
collapse?)
• Curvilinear vs.
rectilinear forms
• Asymmetrical and
imbalanced
• Appears
weightless
FRANK GEHRY, Guggenheim
Bilbao Museo, 1997, limestone
and titanium
FRANCESCO BORROMINI, San Carlo alle Quattro
Fontane, 1665–1676
21. Minimalism & Memorials
• Result of juried
competition held in 1981
• Selected while Lin was an
architecture student at Yale
• Highly Controversial
• Didn’t glorify the war;
focus on individual cost of
war
• Selected minimalist (and
modernist design) over
classical forms
• List of names of dead,
chronologically from the
center
• Like a black, polished
“cut” into the earth
• One end points at
Washington Monument,
other at Lincoln Memorial
Maya Lin, Vietnam Veterans
Memorial, Washington, D.C.
1981-83
22. Site-specific Art - Memorials
Maya Lin, Vietnam Veterans
Memorial, Washington, D.C.
1981-83
Donald Judd, Untitled, 1969.
23. New Media – Digital Technology
Andreas Gursky, Chicago Board of Trade II, 1999, c-print, 6’9” x 11’5”
#7
24. New Media – Digital Technology
• Large-scale photographs
(here 12’)
• Shot with wide-angle lens at
high vantage point
• Digitally manipulated using
photo-editing software
• Focus on global economy
(industrial plants,
department stores, stock
exhange)
• Meant to rival 19th century
history paintings
• No central focus, abstracted
• Questions veracity
(truthfulness) of photograph
Andreas Gursky, Chicago Board of Trade
II, 1999, c-print, 6’9” x 11’5”
27. Final Exam Review:
Comparative Essay
• What are the individual characteristics of
each work in terms of style & subject?
• How do they relate to the particular historic,
artistic and cultural contexts in which they were
made?
• With what artistic movements are they
associated?
• Why compare the two art works? What are their
similarities & differences?
