A Study of the International Maritime Solid Bulk Code: A presentation by Ascent Marine Institute

1. INTERNATIONAL MARITIME
SOLID BULK CARGOES CODE
ASCENT MARINE INSTITUTE

2. RequirementsRequirements
 SOLAS CHAPTER VI PART A & BSOLAS CHAPTER VI PART A & B
(Carriage of Cargoes)(Carriage of Cargoes)
 SOLAS CHAPTER VII ( Carriage ofSOLAS CHAPTER VII ( Carriage of
Dangerous Goods)Dangerous Goods)
 EIF: 1EIF: 1stst
JAN 2011JAN 2011
 Applicable to all cargo shipsApplicable to all cargo ships

3.  CONTENTS
1. General Provisions n Definitions
2. Loading, carriage and unloading
precautions
3. Safety of Personnel and ship
4. Assessment of acceptability of
consignments for safe shipment.
5. Trimming procedures
6. Methods of determining angle of
repose

4. 7. Cargoes that may liquify
8. Test procedures for above
9. Materials possessing chemical
hazards
10. Carriage of solid bulk wastes
11. Security provisions
12. Stowage factor conversion tables
13. References
Appendices

5. General Provisions n Definitions
- Angle of Repose: Maximum slope
angle of non-cohesive granular
material.
- Flow Moisture Point: Percentage of
moisture content at which a flow state
develops.
- Moisture Content: Percentage of water,
ice or other liquid to the total wet mass
- TML: Moisture content that is

6. 1. Group A: Cargoes which may liquify if
shipped at a MC in excess of TML
2. Group B: Cargoes which possess a
chemical hazard which could give rise
to a dangerous situation on ship
3. Group C: Cargoes which are neither
liable to liquefy (Group A) nor to
possess chemical hazards (Group C)
4. High density solid bulk cargo: Those
with a S.F. of 0.56 cbm/ton or less.

7. Loading, carriage and unloading
precautions
- Attention paid to distribution of weights
to avoid excessive stresses
- Stability to be adequate at all times
- High density cargoes loaded at lower
spaces, FSM to be controlled by
adequate means
- Bilge wells and strainer plates to be
well maintained – proper drainage

8. - Bilge lines, sounding pipes etc. to be in
good order
- Cargo space fitting to be protected
from damage during loading at speed
- Ventilation systems shall be shut down
or screened and air conditioning
systems shall be on recirculation mode
to minimize dust ingress into living
quarters or interior spaces
- Dk machinery / external nav aids to be
covered to protect from dust

9. Safety of Personnel and ship
- Oxygen depletion
- Emission of toxic gases
- Self heating
- Corrosive to skin, eyes and mucous
membranes or to ships structures
- Enclosed space entry procedures
- Even after ventilation, small pockets of
oxygen deficient or toxic gases may
exist – Oxygen measuring instruments.

10. - Emergency entry to cargo space only
be trained personnel wearing SCBA /
protective clothing / under supervision
- Precautions against health hazards
due to dust – masks, protective
clothing etc
- Dust Explosion – good ventilation to
prevent dust accumulation, hosing
down etc
- Flammable gases – ventilation / gas
detector
- Importance of ventilation – except for
spontaneously heating cargoes.

11. Assessment of acceptability of
consignments for safe shipment.
- Each cargo assigned a BCSN (Bulk
Cargo Shipping Name for identification,
along with UN number for dangerous
goods
- Cargo information provided by shipper:
- BCSN / Cargo group / IMO class / UN
number / total quantity fo cargo /
stowage factor / trimming required?? /
Likelihood of shifting / MC / TML /
special hazards of cargo / etc..

12. - Certificate of test – cargo to be properly
sampled and tested
- Sampling to include:
- Type of material, particle size
distribution, composition of material
- Chemical hazards,
- Variation in moisture distribution
thoughout the sample
- Test for TML to be conducted within six
months prior to loading
- Dangerous goods manifest

13. Trimming procedures
- Reduces chance of cargo shifting
- Non cohesive cargoes require trimming
- Non cohesive cargoes having angle of
repose equal to or less than 30o
are
free flowing and grain requirements
apply.
- Non cohesive cargoes having angle of
repose 30o
to35o
, max vert dist between
highest and lowest level og cargo:
B/10, max 1.5m and for angle of
repose >35o
, 2m. (B = beam)

14. Methods of determining angle of
repose
- Tilting box method
- Lab test method
- Flow table test
- Penetration test
- Proctor / Fagerberg test
- Shipboard test method
- Alternative procedure – pour carefully
on a shhet of paper and measure using
a protractor at four places.

15. Cargoes that may liquify
- Group A cargoes
- If moisture content exceeds TML the
moisture migrates to the surface under
the forces of vibration and compaction.
- This causes the surface of the cargo to
liquefy to a loose slurry
- This leads to Free surface correction
and subsequent reduction of GM.
- Cargoes having MC > TML can only be
carried in specially constructed ships or
in specially fitted cargo ships.

16. Test procedures for cargoes that
may liquefy
- Measurement of Moisture content
- Measurement of TML
- Shipboard procedure for liquefaction:
- Half fill a cylindrical can (0.5 to 1 l) with
the sample. Take the can and bring it
down sharply to strike on a hard surface
from a height of 0.2m. Repeat the
procedure 25 times with one to two
seconds interval
- Examine the surface for free moisture.

17. Materials possessing chemical
hazards
- Class 4.1 – Flammable solids
- Class 4.2 – Liable to spontaneous
combustion
- Class 4.3 – Emit flammable gas when
in contact with water
- Class 5.1 – Oxidizing substances
- Class 6.1 – Toxic substances
- Class 7 – Radioactive substances
- Class 8 – Corrosive substances
- Class 9 – Miscellaneous

18. Carriage of solid bulk wastes
- Applicable to above classes envisaged
for dumping, incineration or other
sources of disposal.
- Covered by the Basel Convention of
Transboundary Movements of
Hazardous Wastes and their disposal
- Precedence of hazards – higher
category shall apply
- Waste Movement Document
- In case of accident of threat of pollution
Master to inform authorities.

19. Security Provisions
- ISPS code shall apply
- Shore based personnel should receive
security training
- Ship personnel should receive security
training
- Bulk cargoes with high potential
security implications are those that
have potential for misuse in an
unlawful act and may have serious
consequences such as mass
casualities, destruction etc.