This document discusses the benefits and issues of using video annotation software to provide timely feedback to improve learner performance. It defines video annotation as a tool that allows users to add notes, comments, and explanations to specific moments in a recorded video performance. The document reports that studies have found video annotation facilitates higher-level feedback, self-reflection, and performance among learners. However, it also outlines lessons learned, including the need to provide coaching along with feedback, ensure the quality of peer feedback, and address technological issues.

1. Improving Learner
Performance through
Time-Sensitive Feedback:
Design-Based Research of Benefits and
Issues of Video Annotation Software
Michael C. Johnson, Ph.D.
BYU Center for Teaching & Learning
mc_johnson@byu.edu
Barbara Smith, Associate Clinical Professor
Department of Counseling Psychology
and Special Education, BYU

2. What Is Video Annotation?

3. Definition
A tool that allows you to annotate
(i.e., add notes, comments,
explanations, or telestrations to)
a video recorded performance
specific to moments in the
performance.

4. Features
• Synchronous and
Asynchronous
commenting/critiquing
• Timeline specific/linked
annotations*
• Text
• Audio
• Video
• Drawing
• Replies to comments
• Tagging (or marking)
• Classifying comments
• Counting specific types of
behaviors, etc.
• Ratings
• Video Overlays
• Links
• Emphasizing elements on
screen
• Drawing (telestrator - a la John
Madden)
• Rubrics
• Prompt Video
• Facilitate a timely workflow
(organizing recordings, due dates,
notifications, communications, etc.)
• Roles and user management

5. Example Tools

6. VideoAnt

7. Videonot.es

8. Open Video Annotation Project

9. VATIC

10. YouTube

11. GoReact

12. VoiceThread
Image from: https://ic.arc.losrios.edu/~itc/institutes/OTI/Session7/voicethread.htm

13. Viddler

14. Coach’s Eye
Image from coachseye.com

15. Cases
• Supervision of Student Teachers
• Business Presentation Skills
• Interviewing Skills
• Teaching (Mini-lessons)
• Negotiation and Counseling
• Dance

16. Methods
• Qualitative Methods
• Phenomenology (van Manen, 1990,
2002)
• Phenomenography (Micari, et al,
2007)
• Design Research (Middleton, et al,
2008)

17. Reported Benefits
• Facilitates contextualized feedback
• Students can see themselves (and others)
from new perspective
• Facilitates higher levels of Bloom’s
• Became more detailed as raters/reviewers
• increased self reflection
• as reviewers they saw what did and didn’t work for
others
• improved critical analysis

18. Reported Benefits
• Facilitated higher levels of performance
• encouraged student to practice/prepare more
• really tried to reach audience
• cared more
• Convenience & Flexibility (especially in cases
asynchronous student teacher but also just in
having students record their performances
outside of class)

19. Lessons Learned

20. Lessons Learned #1
• Instructors gave feedback without any
feed-forward (coaching)
• Remind people/build it into process
• Teach them how to use the tool to do the
coaching part!
• Pull the coaching part out of the tool

21. Lessons Learned #2
• Needed opportunities to implement
feedback…Needs to be formative (although
it can be used as a tool for summative
assessment, too).
• Timely feedback so students can act on it
• Allow for resubmission so they can improve
• Allow new opportunities to use skills being
learned

22. Lessons Learned #3
• Quality of some peer feedback of varying
quality! (overly critical contradictory,
generally unhelpful, anonymity allowed
some student to be hurtful). Also could
stand to improve self-assessment
• Teach learners how to evaluate
• Provide rubric or other clear criteria
• Demonstrate
• Practice in low-stakes situations
• Common judgment sessions

23. Lessons Learned #4
• Created some pressure for students to
be recorded...
• Give learners opportunities to practice in
low-stakes contexts (this can be within a
course or across a program)
• Or allow do-overs

24. Lessons Learned #5
• With live critiquing, audience can be
distracted (in fact trying to rate and
comment is too much for most to do at
the same time, too) as can the
presenter (performer).
• Assign roles - critic, rater, participant, etc.

25. Lessons Learned #6
• Workflow can be difficult (especially in
asynchronous implementations).
• If the tool doesn’t facilitate it, you’ve got
to plan for it!

26. Lessons Learned #7
• Technology can get in the way…
• Plan
• Train
• Provide resources (e.g., provided check out
of iPads)

27. Lessons Learned #8
• Technological infrastructure also an
issue
• Investigate
• Test! Test! Test!

28. Questions?

29. References
Micari, M, Light, G., Calkin, S., and Streitwieser, B. (2007).
Assessment beyond evaluation: Phenomenography in educational
evaluation. American Journal of Evaluation, 28(4), 458-476.
Middleton, J., Gorard, S., Taylor, C., and Bannan-Ritland, B. (2008).
The “Compleat" Design Experiment. In A.E.Kelly, R.A. Lesh, & J.Y.
Baek (Eds.), Handbook of Design Research Methods in Education
(pp. 21-46). New York: Routledge.
van Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experience: A human
science for action sensitive pedagogy. Albany, NY: State University
of New York Press.
van Manen, M. (2002). Phenomenology online. Retrieved
December 23, 2006, from http://www.phenomenologyonline.com/