The document discusses how video modelling and feedback can be used to improve sports skills in children and athletes. Several studies are referenced that show video modelling and feedback led to improvements ranging from 53% to 186% across skills like gymnastics, volleyball, tennis serving, and table tennis. However, the document also notes potential limitations like using unskilled models and focusing too much on the team instead of individual skills.

1. Josh O’Brien
u3049210

2.  Expert: An elite or highly skilled performer of
a skill used as a model in a video
 Video modelling: A video of an highly skilled
athlete performing the skill
 Intervention: When training/practice is
paused to view video feedback

3.  Access to equipment now easier than ever
 Skill demonstration
 Highlight errors
 See things they may miss
 Improve coaching standards

5.  Gymnasts 7-10 years old
 Performed skill > viewed model > viewed themselves >
comparison
 All subjects improved by an average of 53%
 All athletes and coaches rated the video modelling and
feedback to be effective
Boyer, R. Miltenberger, R. Batsche, C. & Fogel, V. (2009). Video modelling by experts with video feedback
to enhance gymnastics skills. Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis. Vol 42

6.  Children average 11.7 years old
 Group 1: Video modelling at start and halfway through their
session
 Group 2: Video of themselves twice during their session
Group 1 Group 2
Set improvement 186% 106%
Set retention 8.5% 20%
Serve improvement 130% 180%
Serve retention 12.5% -32.5%
Zetou, E. Tzetzis, G. Vernadakis, N. & Kioumourtzoglou, E. (2002). Modelling in learning two
volleyball skills. Perceptual and Motor Skills. Vol 94

7.  Tennis serve in 9-12 year olds
 Group 1: Physical practice only
 Group 2: Physical + video feedback
 Group 3: Physical + video + imagery training
 Group 1: No significant improvements
 Groups 2 & 3: Similar improvements
 Similar table tennis study found imagery training to
significantly improve performance
Atienza, F. Balaguer, I. % Garcia-Merita, M. (1998). Video modelling and imaging training on performance
of tennis service of 9 to 12 year old children. Perceptual and Motor Skills. Vol 87
Li-Wei, Z. Qu-Wei, M. Orlick, T. & Zitzelsberger, L. (1992). The effect of mental imagery training on
perfromance enhancement with 7-10 year old children. The Sport Pyschologist. Vol 6

8.  Make training interactive
 Use favourite elite athletes as models
 Make the most of children’s imaginations
 Tailor your training methods to your group

9.  The use of unexperienced/poorly skilled
models
 Focusing on the team instead of individual

11.  Josh O’Brien
 u3049210@uni.canberra.edu.au