The document discusses efficient pump systems for water utilities. It notes that while efficiency should be important, currently many do not truly care about it due to low energy costs and other factors. However, rising costs will force utilities to care more about efficiency in the future. The document outlines several factors that impact pump efficiency, including pump design elements, motor efficiency, valves, piping, and labor costs. It recommends measuring metrics like energy use, losses, and costs to evaluate a system's efficiency and total cost of ownership over time. Regular maintenance and staff training can also improve efficiency.

1. EFFICIENT PUMP SYSTEMS
Brian Gongol
DJ Gongol & Associates, Inc.
September 15, 2015
Iowa AWWA Fall Short Course
DMACC / Ankeny, Iowa

2. Efficiency: Who really cares?
Not the person who drives this
to the grocery store

3. Of course we SHOULD care

4. Resources are finite
Only the state capitol gets a gold dome

5. Water systems are big users of energy

6. Rate dollars are after-tax dollars

7. Money saved is a leveraged bonus

8. Substitution effect

9. We can say it's all for the environment

10. But it's really about public health

11. Money wasted displaces other public goods

12. The problem is, we really DON'T care
"How can you say that?"
Well, it's simple...

13. Revealed preferences

14. What's your household public works budget?
(...if you even bother to have one)

15. How does it compare to your travel budget?

16. Why we don't really care

17. Low electrical rates

18. Cheap borrowing

19. Low regard for worker time

20. Public disregard for the state of public works

21. The day of reckoning cometh

22. Why we will be forced to care

23. Rising energy costs

24. Carbon emission regs and electricity costs

25. European electricity costs vs. our costs

26. Anticipated shortages of fresh water

27. Rising treatment costs pressuring budgets

28. Declining or flat populations

29. Aging infrastructure

30. Higher future interest rates

31. Shrinking water workforce

32. Compounding costs of deferred maintenance

33. Costs of catastrophic failure

34. Not everything that counts can be measured
The love of a child,
puppy kisses,
the smell of flowers
after a rain

35. But counting is a good place to start

36. What we might measure to gauge efficiency

37. Energy consumption

38. Losses (especially unmetered losses)

39. Labor costs (including opportunity costs)

40. Total cost of ownership (TCO)

41. Everything can be converted to dollars

42. Even hidden savings deserve a dollar value

43. Dollars are common currency to every industry

44. Boards don't want to know your specialty

45. Part 1: Pump efficiency

46. Clearances

47. Pump specific speed
A dimensionless value that indicates
the relative efficiency of a pump impeller design

48. Vane adjustments (numbers, angles)

49. Smooth coatings

50. Straight pipe entering the suction

51. Suction diffusers (straightening flow)

52. Part 2: Motor efficiency

53. 110/220/460 volt differences

54. VFDs

55. Soft starters

56. Two-speed motors

57. Across-the-line starters

58. High-efficiency/premium-efficiency

59. VFD misapplication: Static head prevails

60. Fill towers at full speed

61. Hydrostatic tanks

62. VFD misapplication: Missing the (BE) point

63. Transmission losses

64. Part 3: Valves

65. Surge control

66. Save on pipe damage

67. Air control

68. Maximize pipe diameter

69. Throttling

70. Emergency cut-in valves for an emergency

71. Part 4: Pipework

72. Bends

73. Pipe smoothness

74. Corrosion and losses

75. Part 5: Labor and (TCO) efficiency

76. Preventive/predictive maintenance (direct benefits)

77. Preventive maintenance and knowledge

78. Labor training and continuous improvement

79. Quantify downtime

80. Part 7: Auditing your system

81. Total water supplied (own plus imports)

82. Authorized consumption (billed and unbilled)

83. Losses (apparent and real)

84. Apparent losses
 Unauthorized consumption
 Metering error
 Data errors

85. Real losses
 Distribution losses
 Tank leakage and overflow
 Service connection leakage

86. To recap
 We ignore efficiency
 We won't forever
 Pump efficiency matters
 It's not the only thing by far
 Total cost of ownership matters most

87. Questions?
 Thank you for coming!

88. Thank you for your attention!
 Contact us anytime with
questions
 Brian Gongol
 DJ Gongol & Associates
 515-223-4144
 info@djgongol.com

89. References:
 US electric prices:
 http://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/topic/7?
agg=0,1&geo=vvvvvvvvvvvvo&endsec=vg&linechart=ELEC.PRICE.US-ALL.M~~~ELEC.PRICE.WNC-
ALL.M&columnchart=ELEC.PRICE.US-ALL.M&map=ELEC.PRICE.US-
ALL.M&freq=M&start=200101&end=201402&ctype=linechart&ltype=pin&rtype=s&maptype=0&rse
=0&pin=
 Germany, EU electric prices:
 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Electricity_and_natural_gas_price
_statistics
 Fed funds rate:
 http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/FEDFUNDS
 Suction vane drawing and sample pump curve courtesy Patterson Pump Co.
 Valve photographs courtesy GA Industries
 Some material in Part 7 adapted from the AWWA water loss auditing tool:
 http://www.awwa.org/resources-tools/water-knowledge/water-loss-control.aspx
 Special thanks to Shane Kinsey (City of Johnston, Iowa) and Rose Ann DiGiovanni (Patterson Pump
Co.) for observations that extended the scope of this presentation
 All other photos are original work by and copyright reserved to Brian Gongol