Small wastewater plants and lagoon systems needing to meet tougher effluent-quality standards may find themselves in need of additional aeration that their existing facilities are poorly-equipped to supply. A technological solution that takes up almost no space, requires little to no earth work, and can be easily operated and maintained is available.
How a Venturi-based pumped-aeration approach located on dry land can make simple lagoons more effective for wastewater treatment, with a minimum of equipment and dirt work required.
In this presentation, we tried to cover all the information regarding Reverse Osmosis technology. We have discussed its different types, major parts of Reverse Osmosis i.e Activated Carbon Bed, Ion Exchange Unit, Cartridge Filter and then at the end design steps of Reverse Osmosis.
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
How a Venturi-based pumped-aeration approach located on dry land can make simple lagoons more effective for wastewater treatment, with a minimum of equipment and dirt work required.
In this presentation, we tried to cover all the information regarding Reverse Osmosis technology. We have discussed its different types, major parts of Reverse Osmosis i.e Activated Carbon Bed, Ion Exchange Unit, Cartridge Filter and then at the end design steps of Reverse Osmosis.
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
A full package presentation about Hydrogen Production Unit including an overview about steam reformers, combustion reaction, moods of heat transfer, draft systems, reactors, chemicals used in HPU, and types of compressors. Moreover, it describes the process description, process variables, and opens the way for some possible improvements which can be implemented to develop the unit performance.
The Diffuser has a myriad of applications including: the drilling industry for clear water drilling applications, stripping applications for whole mud, environmental applications from sump cleanup to plant site systems for feed water clarification, boiler water cleanup and clarification, and also includes brine systems both fresh and chloride saturated. Viscous muds can be run through the system for stripping and it can even be used as a centrifuge feed system if required. It can be used offshore for stripping applications on barges being fed by multiple rigs, or land based clean- up of different types of mud systems and supplying fresh fluid to many concurrent drilling applications.
Incorporating the design features that were successful in the treatment capacity of the 1.2 acre wetland at the Flight 93 site for a typical flow = 775 gpm. The average percent removal was roughly 70% for iron and 50% for manganese within the wetland. This analysis allowed for a design foundation of the polishing aerobic wetland at the Clyde Mine Water Water Treatment Facility and the potential application at other mine water treatment locations where a relatively minor amount of polishing is needed to enhance iron and manganese removal for the final discharge.
Nowadays Air pollution is a major problem. Diesel engines are playing a vital role in Road and sea transport, Agriculture, mining and many other industries. Considering the available fuel resources and the present technological development, Diesel fuel is evidently indispensable. In general, the consumption of fuel is an index for finding out the economic strength of any country. In spite, we cannot ignore the harmful effects of the large mass of the burnt gases, which erodes the purity of our environment every day. The main pollutants contribute by automobiles are (CO), UBHC, (Nox) and Lead etc., Other sources such as electric power generating stations, industrial and domestic fuel consumption, refuse burning , industrial processing. So it is imperative that serious attempts should be made to conserve earth’s environment from degradation. An aqua silencer is an attempt in this direction, it is mainly dealing with control of emission and noise. An aqua silence is fitted to the exhaust pipe of engine.
The aqua silencer system is design for replace commonly used single unit silencers in engine with it’s slender structure and less weight. It plays an important role in control the noise and emission of gases from engines. Air pollution causes dangerous physical effect on the human body, animal and environment. The main reason to use aqua silencer is because nowadays air pollution is increasing rapidly. This system reduces the dangerous exhaust gases from the auto.
These emissions are controlled by the activated charcoal layer around perforated tube and lime water. The charcoal layer having high capacity to absorb emission gases from engine. This type charcoal layer with lime water reacts chemically with emission gases and change the chemical structure of emission gases. The smoke or emission gases and noise level in aqua silencer is very less than the commonly used silencers.
View other drafts
Aerated lagoons are a type of wastewater treatment system that uses artificial aeration to promote the biological oxidation of wastewaters. They are relatively simple and inexpensive to construct and operate, and they can be effective in removing a wide range of pollutants from wastewater, including organic matter, nutrients, and pathogens.
Lift Station Buyer's Guide for Municipal Utilities - v.13Brian Gongol
A guide for decision-makers looking at the complex choices involved in designing a lift station. There are far more forks in the road than conventional thinking would have you believe.
A full package presentation about Hydrogen Production Unit including an overview about steam reformers, combustion reaction, moods of heat transfer, draft systems, reactors, chemicals used in HPU, and types of compressors. Moreover, it describes the process description, process variables, and opens the way for some possible improvements which can be implemented to develop the unit performance.
The Diffuser has a myriad of applications including: the drilling industry for clear water drilling applications, stripping applications for whole mud, environmental applications from sump cleanup to plant site systems for feed water clarification, boiler water cleanup and clarification, and also includes brine systems both fresh and chloride saturated. Viscous muds can be run through the system for stripping and it can even be used as a centrifuge feed system if required. It can be used offshore for stripping applications on barges being fed by multiple rigs, or land based clean- up of different types of mud systems and supplying fresh fluid to many concurrent drilling applications.
Incorporating the design features that were successful in the treatment capacity of the 1.2 acre wetland at the Flight 93 site for a typical flow = 775 gpm. The average percent removal was roughly 70% for iron and 50% for manganese within the wetland. This analysis allowed for a design foundation of the polishing aerobic wetland at the Clyde Mine Water Water Treatment Facility and the potential application at other mine water treatment locations where a relatively minor amount of polishing is needed to enhance iron and manganese removal for the final discharge.
Nowadays Air pollution is a major problem. Diesel engines are playing a vital role in Road and sea transport, Agriculture, mining and many other industries. Considering the available fuel resources and the present technological development, Diesel fuel is evidently indispensable. In general, the consumption of fuel is an index for finding out the economic strength of any country. In spite, we cannot ignore the harmful effects of the large mass of the burnt gases, which erodes the purity of our environment every day. The main pollutants contribute by automobiles are (CO), UBHC, (Nox) and Lead etc., Other sources such as electric power generating stations, industrial and domestic fuel consumption, refuse burning , industrial processing. So it is imperative that serious attempts should be made to conserve earth’s environment from degradation. An aqua silencer is an attempt in this direction, it is mainly dealing with control of emission and noise. An aqua silence is fitted to the exhaust pipe of engine.
The aqua silencer system is design for replace commonly used single unit silencers in engine with it’s slender structure and less weight. It plays an important role in control the noise and emission of gases from engines. Air pollution causes dangerous physical effect on the human body, animal and environment. The main reason to use aqua silencer is because nowadays air pollution is increasing rapidly. This system reduces the dangerous exhaust gases from the auto.
These emissions are controlled by the activated charcoal layer around perforated tube and lime water. The charcoal layer having high capacity to absorb emission gases from engine. This type charcoal layer with lime water reacts chemically with emission gases and change the chemical structure of emission gases. The smoke or emission gases and noise level in aqua silencer is very less than the commonly used silencers.
View other drafts
Aerated lagoons are a type of wastewater treatment system that uses artificial aeration to promote the biological oxidation of wastewaters. They are relatively simple and inexpensive to construct and operate, and they can be effective in removing a wide range of pollutants from wastewater, including organic matter, nutrients, and pathogens.
Lift Station Buyer's Guide for Municipal Utilities - v.13Brian Gongol
A guide for decision-makers looking at the complex choices involved in designing a lift station. There are far more forks in the road than conventional thinking would have you believe.
The nexus between energy policy and water policy hasn't gotten the amount of attention it deserves, and that's something the water sector needs to change
How to Communicate with Boards and CouncilsBrian Gongol
It's not enough to know your stuff (though you should), and it's not enough to be nice (though that's a good practice, too). Community and civic leaders on city councils and governing boards need utility leaders to be good communicators. Here's what they want from you, in their own words.
Getting Your CLAWS into Pump MaintenanceBrian Gongol
Maintenance takes on all kinds of styles and approaches, but anything we can do to make the process more intuitive and easy to hack, the better. In this presentation, we describe a simple mnemonic device -- CLAWS -- to help pump operators ensure they're checking the biggest culprits for trouble before they reach a state of failure.
An introduction to shoreside Venturi-type aeration for wastewater lagoons and tanks, including considerations contrasting the Venturi approach with conventional aeration methods
Dealing with Mother Nature's Attitude Problem - v.19Brian Gongol
Whether you're sold on anthropogenic climate change or not, there's no getting around the fact that Mother Nature has been showing off some of the worst of her bad attitude lately. What are you supposed to do about it if you're a water utility professional? Fortunately, you're not alone, and there are resources you can (and should!) be using right now to help.
25 Ways to Screw Up a Lift Station Design - v.10Brian Gongol
Through the careful study (and avoidance) of failure, engineering can make use of the past to improve on the future. Pump station design is no exception. Join this speedy trip through 25 entirely avoidable screwups to see how things can go wrong -- and learn how to make sure they go right next time.
Media relations for the water industry - v.20Brian Gongol
Water issues shouldn't only make the news when something terrible happens. This is a crash course in how to ensure that the public is well-informed about water and wastewater issues, with perspective and advice from a media veteran with more than 25 years of insider experience. Pitfalls to avoid, best practices to put to work, and ideas for putting an extraordinary light on your ordinary work.
Breaking the conveyor-belt myth - v.09Brian Gongol
Until water is valued in its own right, we should not expect the public to change its perceptions about how they can treat (and abuse) it. Changing those perceptions
Schoolkids now, customers later - v.14Brian Gongol
How water and wastewater utilities can reach out to schoolchildren as part of their efforts to develop the next generation of the workforce, make better future customers, and communicate responsible stewardship to their parents.
The maintenance you don't have to touch - v.07Brian Gongol
Water and wastewater utilities (and their affiliates) need to start addressing cybersecurity issues as an integral part of their ongoing maintenance plans. Time is running out to think otherwise.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
1. Aeration from Afar
Brian Gongol, M.Ed.
DJ Gongol & Associates, Inc.
IAMU Water and Wastewater Operators’ Training Workshop
Altoona, Iowa | November 29, 2023
11. How do you get more air?
Option #1: Push it in
Mechanically displace the
water with air, using paddles,
propellers, brushes, or turbines
12. How do you get more air?
Option #2: Diffuse it in
Compress air to high pressure
and introduce it at a low spot
inside a volume of water
13. How do you get more air?
Option #3: Induce it in
Use Bernoulli’s
Principle to create a
low-pressure zone in a
moving flow of water,
and allow atmospheric
pressure to supply a gas
(air) to fill the void
14. How do you get better air?
• Option #1: Higher O2 concentrations
• Atmospheric oxygen is about 21%
• If you diffuse pure oxygen into the
water, you’d theoretically need about
1/5th as much gas volume to get the
same transfer
15. How do you get better air?
• Option #2: More contact surface area
• The interior of a bubble doesn’t
transfer oxygen to the water
• Only the surface area really counts
• For the same volume of gas, the
smaller the bubbles, the greater the
surface area
• Plus: Smaller bubbles take longer to
rise, giving them more contact time
17. BOD removal
• 1.5 lbs. of oxygen to remove
1 lb. of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
18. BOD removal
• 1.5 lbs. of oxygen to remove
1 lb. of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
19. Setting the nitrogen free
• Raw wastewater enters the plant containing organic nitrogen and
ammonia (NH3) and ammonium (NH4
+)
• First (mathematically), we satisfy demand related to BOD
• Then, we convert the organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen
using oxygen
• Aerobic bacteria consume dissolved oxygen to break ammonium
into nitrate nitrogen
• 4.6 lbs. of oxygen per pound of ammonium converted to nitrate
• When free oxygen is depleted in the aerobic stage, anaerobic
bugs convert the nitrate (NO3
-) into nitrite (NO2
-), then nitrous
oxide (N2O), then to nitrogen gas (N2)
20. Setting nitrogen free takes a lot more
oxygen than removing BOD
• 1.5 lbs. of oxygen to remove
1 lb. of biological oxygen
demand (BOD)
• 4.6 lbs. of oxygen to convert
1 lb. of ammonium to nitrate
21. In simple terms, you need two zones or
two phases
• Aerated zone (or phase) to
remove BOD and break the
ammonia and ammonium
into nitrate nitrogen
• Anaerobic zone (or phase) to
convert the nitrate down to
nitrogen gas
23. Most communities have some
treatment
• We’re rarely looking at a blank slate
• If there’s a system in place, better to upgrade than to replace
• Upgrades run up against inconvenient limitations
25. Constrained sites
• Not a lot of available
room to put new
facilities or equipment
• “Landlocked” conditions
• Resistance from nearby
landowners
26. Capacity limitations
• Need to conserve volume inside
existing tanks to maximize room
available for incoming flows
• Existing buildings or concrete
prevent new additions
27. Workforce limitations
• Hard to find skilled workers
• Service calls can be expensive and backlogged
• Increasingly specialized equipment is hard to maintain
• Lone operators
• We’re all getting older every day
28. Resource limitations
• Wastewater treatment isn’t
any community’s top priority
for spending
• Spending is usually driven by
regulatory requirements
• Most utilities are not spilling
over with excess cash
55. Permits monitoring for signs of trouble
Everyone keeps better track of
what’s at-grade and accessible
than what’s below ground, down a
hole, or out of reach
56. If you need a boat to get there,
how often are you really going to check it?
60. Permits fine-tuning of performance
• DO monitoring
• A simple control loop
• A VFD or a timing circuit
61. Decreases volume required in existing
tanks and spaces
• Here you see two units
operating on the berm
between two lagoons
• Not one extra square
inch required
• No heavy dirt work,
either!
73. The mechanics of the problem
• Whether you push (via mechanical aeration), diffuse in the
basin, or induce from on shore, it’s hard to gain a big
advantage in the actual oxygen transfer without going to a
significant change in technology (like a membrane-aerated
biofilm reactor [MABR])
• But shoreside aeration stands out for its operational features
78. And don’t overlook the advantages of a
compact footprint, either
• Farm fence to the west
• Farm fence to the south
• Creek and wetlands to the north and east
• It still fits
79. Lots of detention time? Perfect!
• Treat it like a barbecue:
Aerate low and slow
• Unlike other
technologies, shoreside
aeration can turn the
basin into a loop
• With enough detention
time, you can perform
multiple passes through
the process
80. A little planning, piping, and baffling
BAD: Snakes in your plant
GOOD: Serpentine flow paths
82. Example 1
• Two baffles
• Create a long path
from inlet to
outlet
83. Example 1
• Aeration on shore
• Suction near
the lagoon outlet
• Discharge near
the lagoon inlet
84. Example 1
• Even a simple
duplex baffle
system creates
a longer flow path
• Aerobic phase
around the inlet
• Anaerobic phase
around the outlet
• Cycle as needed
85. Example 1
• Treat the lagoons
separately or
treat them as stages
• Mirror the baffles
and piping
• Duplicate the
aeration system or
alternate which
cell you aerate
87. Example 2
• Add lots of baffles (6 shown here)
• Create a very long serpentine path
• Seek a high rate of mixing and
aeration in cell 1
88. Example 2
• Install two (or more) aeration
systems
• Maximize the aerobic activity in
one cell
• Treat the second cell as anaerobic
89. Example 2
• The baffles don’t do the mixing
• But they do create a “racetrack”
• The same volume of water has to
move much faster if the path is
longer
• More motion means more
uniformity
90. Example 2
• Say the lagoon volume is 400,000
cf, or about 3 million gallons
• If two stations each run at 500
gpm, that’s 1,000 gpm
• Theoretically, that’s 3,000 minutes
for complete turnover of the
lagoon, or a little more than two
days
• Add or upsize pumps to go faster
93. These are only theoretical examples!
• Hire an engineer to crunch real numbers for you
• Every system has its own characteristics (and its own permit)
95. ① Modularity with
scalability
• Pipe one unit to serve
two different lagoons
or basins
• Install multiple
discharge points to
isolate zones or
increase circulation
• Install multiple units
side-by-side without
interference
96. ② A tiny footprint Even with an all-
weather enclosure,
still smaller than
the bed of an F-250
97. ③ No moving parts in the water
You can save the boat for fishing
98. ④ No electricity in the water
Safety first: You know the two shouldn’t mix!
99. ⑤ No new equipment types to learn
You already know how to operate a pump.
Why make things harder?
100. ⑥ Little or no earth work required
• The pump unit only
needs a flat pad
• Depending on cold-
weather operation
needs, you could...
• Bury the pipes
• Insulate and heat-tape
the pipes
• Drain them for winter
103. Power doesn’t have to be a limiting factor
Want the pump right next to the lagoon or tank?
✓ Sure!
Want to discharge a few hundred feet away?
✓ OK!
Want to put the pump near the power drop at the road?
✓ You can do that: Just bury some collection pipe.
Want to aerate at the main lift station before the plant?
✓ If your force main has a smooth uphill profile, go for it.
✓ If it’s hilly, upsize your pumps and put the aerator at the outlet
Want to use a portable, engine-driven unit?
✓ If it makes you happy, let’s do it!
Want to run your system off LP or natural gas?
✓ We already have a system to do that.
104. If at first you don’t succeed…
• It’s basically impossible to
move a fixed diffuser grid
• It’s hard to move a floating
aerator on a frozen lagoon
• A blower sized for hot
summer air may be
oversized for cold, dense
winter air
105. If at first you don’t succeed…
• It’s basically impossible to
move a fixed diffuser grid
• It’s hard to move a floating
aerator on a frozen lagoon
• A blower sized for hot
summer air may be
oversized for cold, dense
winter air
• Shore-based aeration opens
up possibilities and creates
workable alternatives
• Use piping and valves to
make changes based on
seasons, influent loadings, or
other changing needs
107. Comparable horsepower-to-oxygen for
floating mechanical aerators
• Shoreside aeration is easier
to access
• Baffle curtains and floating
aerators have to be kept
apart
• Machinery in mid-lagoon
can be a challenge to reach
108. Comparable horsepower-to-oxygen for
blowers
• Blowers have to
overcome backpressure
from the water column
• Venturi aeration moves
the water efficiently,
which you need to do
anyway for good mixing
109. Comparable horsepower-to-oxygen for
blowers
• Blowers typically have
high-speed rotation,
which contributes to
wear
• A Venturi aerator has no
moving parts of its own,
and the pump runs at
slower speeds than
most blowers
110. Comparable horsepower-to-oxygen for
blowers
• Blowers can be sensitive
to inlet air quality
• A Venturi aerator
introduces the air after
any moving parts, so air
quality, humidity, and
cleanliness really don’t
matter
126. To recap
• Tighter nutrient standards
ordinarily call for much more
oxygen
• Treatment effectiveness is
often defeated by short-
circuiting, especially in lagoons
• Mixing and baffling help to
overcome short-circuiting
• Combining mixing and
aeration can reduce
equipment costs
• Mixing that is both horizontal
and vertical helps a lot,
especially in our climate
• Taking electricity, moving
parts, and equipment needing
maintenance out of the water
saves trouble
127. Questions?
• Thank you for your time
and attention!
• These slides can be found at
gongol.net/presentations
• Brian Gongol
DJ Gongol & Associates
• 515-223-4144
• brian@gongol.net
• @djgongol
on social networks
128. Credits
• Aerial photos obtained from public-domain sources
• Paddle aerator photo obtained from the public domain:
Ben May Charitable Trust Collection of Mississippi Photographs in the Carol M.
Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
https://www.loc.gov/item/2017879339/
• Portrait of Bernoulli obtained from the public domain:
https://archive.org/details/EST87_RES_P26
• Atmospheric oxygen concentration:
https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2491/10-interesting-things-about-air/
• F-250 dimensions:
https://www.ford.com/trucks/super-duty/models/f250-xlt/
• EPA compliance advisory for small lagoons:
https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-03/lagoon-
complianceadvisory.pdf
• All other photographs supplied either by the author or by the Gorman-Rupp Co.