Introduction to Pump Hydraulics - v.15
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The document discusses different types of pumps used in hydraulic systems. It introduces positive displacement pumps, which physically push fluid through high, consistent pressures, and centrifugal pumps, which use an impeller to create pressure differentials and push fluid. The document outlines key components of centrifugal pumps like wearplates, impellers, shafts, and seals. It also discusses factors that influence pump performance like system head curves, pipe roughness, air pockets, valves, and multiple pump configurations. Safety considerations for pumps are also addressed.
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Introduction to Pump Hydraulics - v.15
- 1. INTRO TO PUMP HYDRAULICS Brian Gongol DJ Gongol & Associates, Inc. November 2, 2023 Nebraska Section AWWA Joint Fall Conference Kearney, Nebraska
- 2. Pump: A machine for adding energy to fluid
- 3. ...causing it to defy gravity
- 4. It's a conversion (but not a religious one)
- 5. Atmospheric pressure into something useful
- 6. Energy in • Pressure and flow out
- 7. Trade-off: Your thumb over a garden hose
- 8. Main pump types Positive displacement Pushers Centrifugal Spinners
- 9. Positive displacement physically pushes the water
- 10. High, consistent pressures & specific volumes
- 11. Diaphragm pumps
- 14. Gear pumps
- 15. Good with thick fluids that don't like to flow
- 16. Centrifugal pumps create pressure differential
- 17. Low pressure at eye, high pressure at discharge
- 18. Most collection system pumps are centrifugal
- 20. Containing the action of an impeller
- 21. Wearplate, impeller, shaft, sealplate, & seal
- 22. Three primary styles of centrifugal pump
- 23. Flooded suction
- 24. Submersible
- 25. Self-priming
- 26. Create a low-pressure area
- 27. Atmospheric pressure pushes into the low
- 28. Discharge to higher pressure
- 29. Science of atmospheric pressure
- 30. Weight of a column of air above you
- 31. Forces that offset its effects
- 32. Vapor pressure
- 33. Losses on the way to the low
- 34. Friction en route to the impeller eye
- 35. Includes piping and losses inside the pump
- 37. Also important: A sensible safety factor
- 38. A hurricane is one way to think of it...
- 39. ...but so is a tire on a wet or muddy road
- 40. Pressure and flow as a production frontier
- 41. A pump performs where the system allows it
- 42. Figuring system head curves
- 43. Two pairs of things to consider
- 44. Pair 1: Static head and friction head
- 45. Pair 2: Suction head and discharge head
- 46. The moving target is usually discharge piping
- 47. Pipe roughness
- 48. Solids buildup (settling and sedimentation)
- 49. Mineral deposits and tuberculation
- 50. Scouring velocity is important but not enough
- 51. Pockets of air can restrict flow, too
- 52. Valves and appurtenances: Equivalent length
- 53. Plotting today's head curve vs. tomorrow's
- 54. Plotting multiple pump speeds
- 55. VFDs are no magic bullet
- 56. Static heads determine VFD usefulness
- 57. Very little about pumping is linear
- 58. Opening or closing valves is rarely linear
- 59. Pipe diameters and flow rates aren't linear
- 60. Friction losses aren't linear
- 61. Multiple-pump operation isn't linear, either
- 62. Pumps in series increase heads
- 63. Pumps in parallel increase flows
- 64. Know what you're getting in advance
- 65. Parallel operation on a flat system head curve
- 66. Parallel ops on a rising system head curve
- 68. Parallel-series operation on a curve
- 69. Pumps don't suck, but cavitation does
- 72. Always use the safest available pump
- 73. Safety matters: Deadly gases
- 76. Where a flooded suction makes sense
- 77. Where submersibles make sense
- 78. Where self-priming pumps make sense
- 79. Questions? Thank you for coming! Brian Gongol DJ Gongol & Associates 515-223-4144 info@djgongol.com www.gongol.net Facebool, Twitter, or LinkedIn: @djgongol Call or email anytime
- 80. References and credits Catalog images of pumps courtesy AMT Pump Co. Hurricane imagery from NOAA (public domain) http://www.nnvl.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/index.cgi? page=items&ser=112503&large=1 Propeller image from the US Navy (public domain) http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-g/ap126-d.htm Wildly incorrect isometric image of a purported progressive-cavity pump generated by Bing AI Lift station sample diagram and pump cutaway photo courtesy The Gorman-Rupp Co. All other photos are original work of and copyright reserved by Brian Gongol