The document discusses the challenges of remote sensing, including data size, availability, and management, while highlighting solutions such as 'Earth on AWS' and 'Google Earth Engine' for accessing satellite imagery. It covers the use of cloud computing for processing large datasets and improving accessibility for research and non-profits. Additionally, it mentions various datasets and applications that utilize these cloud services for innovative advancements in remote sensing.

1. University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
Rahul Bhojwani(bhojw005@umn.edu)
Kate Kuehl(kuehl088@umn.edu)
Improving Access to Satellite Imagery
with Cloud Computing

2. Challenges in Remote Sensing:
● Data size - Expensive to download and process satellite data
● Data availability
● Timeliness of available data
● Data management and handling
● Computation
● Machine Learning friendly datasets

3. Challenges in Remote Sensing:
● Data size - Expensive to download and process satellite data
1 petabyte = 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes OR 1,000 terabytes

4. What is “Earth on AWS”?
https://aws.amazon.com/earth/
● Run on Amazon Web Services’ servers
● Accessible through command line when logged into AWS account
● Used by MatLab, Mapbox, Esri, PlanetLabs, DigitalGlobe, NVIDIA, and more

5. What is “Google Earth Engine”?
https://earthengine.google.com/
● We used this in class
● Used by WRI, FAO, U of M, and other non-profits/universities
● Free for research, education, and nonprofit use
Python and JavaScript API’s available here: https://developers.google.com/earth-
engine/#api

6. What is “NEX”?
https://nex.nasa.gov/nex/
NASA Earth Exchange
● Accessible only by NASA supported researchers
● Runs on a private cloud at NASA Ames Research Center

7. Landsat
MODISNAIP
OpenStreetMap
Sentinel-1
Sentinel-2
Elevation
GDELT
NOAA
SpaceNet IARPA
MOGREPS
LOCA
GlobCover
SRTMPRISM
BCCA
NARR
FLUXNET
FIA
AVHRR
GIMM
TRIMM
WorldPop
Oxford MAP
NASS WWF
PSDI
GSMaP
CHIRPS
NCEP/NCAR
WorldClim
WHRC
Geoscience Australia

8. Datasets available at AWS Earth
● SpaceNet Machine Learning Imagery
● National Agriculture Imagery Program
● GDELT - A Global Database of Society
● NASA Earth Exchange (NEX)
● DigitalGlobe Open Data Program
● UK Met Office Weather Forecasts
● Functional Map of the World
● Landsat
● NEXRAD
● Terrain Tiles
● GOES
● Sentinel-2
● OpenStreetMap
● MODIS

9. SpaceNet Machine Learning Imagery
● Commercial satellite imagery and labeled training data
● Intended for advancing innovation in Computer Vision
● To extract geometric features from remote sensing data such as:
○ Roads
○ Building footprints
○ Points of interest

10. Current Available Areas:
● Rio De Janeiro
● Paris
● Las Vegas
● Shanghai
● Khartoum

11. Object Detection

12. Semantic segmentation
Source Image Inference visualization

13. Road detection

14. Quiz
What challenges of remote sensing that’s addressed by cloud geospatial data?
A. Petabyte size of datasets
B. Timeliness of available data
C. Data management and handling
D. Computation
E. Machine Learning friendly datasets

15. Additional Sources
Information and Images
● Earth on AWS https://aws.amazon.com/earth/
● NDIVIA https://devblogs.nvidia.com/parallelforall/exploring-spacenet-dataset-using-digits/
● Google Earth Engine https://earthengine.google.com/
● NASA https://www.nasa.gov
● DigitalGlobe http://ow.ly/rIhV307X3u6
Images
● Wikipedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/