This is a study of actions initiated by the Government in last 2 years under the P.C-P.N.D.T act in state of Delhi. The study is very relevant considering the continously declining sex ratios in Delhi .
Famous Case Law on PC PNDT Act (Imaging Association v. UOI)Abhinandan Ray
Radiological and Imaging Association (State Chapter- Jalna), through Dr. Jignesh Gokuldas
Thakker, its PC-PNDT Coordinator for the Indian Radiological and Imaging
Association
Vs.
Union of India (UOI) Through its Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,
State of Maharashtra Through its Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
and Mr. Laxmikant Deshmukh, Collector and District Magistrate
The document discusses the implementation of the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act (PCPNDT Act) in India. It outlines the major prohibitions of the act, including prohibiting sex selection and advertising sex determination techniques. It notes penalties for violations and discusses various court cases related to enforcement of the act. It observes that many clinics found to be violating the act have only received warnings or small penalties rather than prosecution. Recommendations include making authorities more accountable, increasing public awareness, and improving training for authorities and the judiciary.
The PCPNDT Act prohibits sex selection and regulates prenatal diagnostic techniques to detect genetic disorders or abnormalities. It aims to prevent misuse of these techniques for sex determination or female foeticide. The MTP Act regulates access to safe abortion and defines when and under what circumstances abortion is permissible up to 20 weeks. The PCPNDT Act allows prenatal diagnosis for high-risk pregnancies over 35 years of age or family history of disorders, while the MTP Act permits termination up to 12 weeks with one practitioner or up to 20 weeks with two practitioners if continuing the pregnancy risks the woman's life or mental health or risks birth defects in the child.
The document summarizes the key points from a workshop on implementing the PCPNDT Act-1994, which bans sex-selective abortions. It outlines requirements for clinics like maintaining patient records, displaying notices that sex determination is illegal, and submitting monthly reports. It describes offenses under the act and associated punishments. It also discusses the role and composition of advisory committees that oversee act enforcement and effective strategies like inspections, monitoring centers, and controlling advertisements.
The document discusses the Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act, 1994 (PCPNDT Act) in India. It provides an introduction to prenatal diagnostic techniques and the legal initiatives taken in India to prohibit sex selection. It describes the key aspects of the PCPNDT Act such as the establishment of the Central Supervisory Board, requirements for registration and regulation of clinics, prohibition of determining or communicating the sex of the fetus, and penalties for violations. It also discusses implementation challenges and the declining child sex ratio in India.
Female feticide refers to aborting a female fetus after determining its sex, often through ultrasound. It is problematic as it increases violence against women and impacts gender ratios. The Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act prohibits determining or communicating the sex of the fetus except for medical reasons. It establishes regulations for clinics, including record keeping, informed consent, and displaying their registration. Violations can result in imprisonment and fines. The Act aims to prevent sex selection and promote gender equality.
Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act, 1994 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to stop female foeticides and arrest the declining sex ratio in India. The act banned prenatal sex determination.
This document discusses provisions of the PNDT Act related to maintaining accurate records. It states that any inaccuracy or deficiency in maintaining the prescribed records amounts to a violation of the Act and could lead to legal proceedings. The document also notes that not maintaining proper forms is considered an independent offense under the Act that must be prosecuted, rather than just issuing a warning. It indicates that the burden of proof shifts to those conducting ultrasounds to prove records were maintained accurately if a deficiency is found.
Famous Case Law on PC PNDT Act (Imaging Association v. UOI)Abhinandan Ray
Radiological and Imaging Association (State Chapter- Jalna), through Dr. Jignesh Gokuldas
Thakker, its PC-PNDT Coordinator for the Indian Radiological and Imaging
Association
Vs.
Union of India (UOI) Through its Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,
State of Maharashtra Through its Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
and Mr. Laxmikant Deshmukh, Collector and District Magistrate
The document discusses the implementation of the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act (PCPNDT Act) in India. It outlines the major prohibitions of the act, including prohibiting sex selection and advertising sex determination techniques. It notes penalties for violations and discusses various court cases related to enforcement of the act. It observes that many clinics found to be violating the act have only received warnings or small penalties rather than prosecution. Recommendations include making authorities more accountable, increasing public awareness, and improving training for authorities and the judiciary.
The PCPNDT Act prohibits sex selection and regulates prenatal diagnostic techniques to detect genetic disorders or abnormalities. It aims to prevent misuse of these techniques for sex determination or female foeticide. The MTP Act regulates access to safe abortion and defines when and under what circumstances abortion is permissible up to 20 weeks. The PCPNDT Act allows prenatal diagnosis for high-risk pregnancies over 35 years of age or family history of disorders, while the MTP Act permits termination up to 12 weeks with one practitioner or up to 20 weeks with two practitioners if continuing the pregnancy risks the woman's life or mental health or risks birth defects in the child.
The document summarizes the key points from a workshop on implementing the PCPNDT Act-1994, which bans sex-selective abortions. It outlines requirements for clinics like maintaining patient records, displaying notices that sex determination is illegal, and submitting monthly reports. It describes offenses under the act and associated punishments. It also discusses the role and composition of advisory committees that oversee act enforcement and effective strategies like inspections, monitoring centers, and controlling advertisements.
The document discusses the Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act, 1994 (PCPNDT Act) in India. It provides an introduction to prenatal diagnostic techniques and the legal initiatives taken in India to prohibit sex selection. It describes the key aspects of the PCPNDT Act such as the establishment of the Central Supervisory Board, requirements for registration and regulation of clinics, prohibition of determining or communicating the sex of the fetus, and penalties for violations. It also discusses implementation challenges and the declining child sex ratio in India.
Female feticide refers to aborting a female fetus after determining its sex, often through ultrasound. It is problematic as it increases violence against women and impacts gender ratios. The Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act prohibits determining or communicating the sex of the fetus except for medical reasons. It establishes regulations for clinics, including record keeping, informed consent, and displaying their registration. Violations can result in imprisonment and fines. The Act aims to prevent sex selection and promote gender equality.
Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act, 1994 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to stop female foeticides and arrest the declining sex ratio in India. The act banned prenatal sex determination.
This document discusses provisions of the PNDT Act related to maintaining accurate records. It states that any inaccuracy or deficiency in maintaining the prescribed records amounts to a violation of the Act and could lead to legal proceedings. The document also notes that not maintaining proper forms is considered an independent offense under the Act that must be prosecuted, rather than just issuing a warning. It indicates that the burden of proof shifts to those conducting ultrasounds to prove records were maintained accurately if a deficiency is found.
Pre conception and prenatal diagnostic techniquesDr. Preksha Jain
The Pre-Conception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Act was enacted in 1994 to regulate prenatal diagnostic techniques and prohibit their misuse for sex determination. The Act defines key terms and places, establishes regulations for genetic counseling centers, clinics, and laboratories, and qualifications for professionals. It prohibits determining or disclosing the sex of the fetus. Violations are punishable by imprisonment and fines. The Act aims to prevent misuse of prenatal diagnosis and sex selection.
Legal aspects of abortion care By DR ALKA MUKHERJEE NAGPUR M.S. INDIAalka mukherjee
The document discusses the legal aspects of abortion care in India. It summarizes the key points of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, including that abortions are allowed up to 20 weeks for a broad range of medical reasons. It outlines the requirements for a legal abortion, such as it being performed by a registered medical practitioner at an approved facility, with proper consent and documentation. The document also discusses reporting requirements for abortions performed on minors and the qualifications needed to perform abortions at different gestational periods.
This is a presentation regarding the most salient features of PCPNDT act, India (formerly known as PNDT act). It is made for undergraduate medical students (MBBS). Hope it will help you in your examinations.
The document discusses the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 in India. The key points are:
1) The MTP Act legalized abortion in India and aims to improve maternal health by promoting access to safe abortion services.
2) It allows termination of pregnancy up to 20 weeks with consent, and up to 12 weeks without approval. Termination can be done if the woman's life is at risk or there are fetal abnormalities.
3) The MTP Rules specify requirements for providers, approved facilities, and the process for approving places to perform abortions. They help ensure safe and hygienic abortion services.
This document outlines the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 and Rules of 1975 in India. The key objectives of the act are to improve maternal health by legalizing abortion services and promoting access to safe abortions. It defines terms like minor, registered medical practitioner, and place. It specifies the circumstances under which a registered medical practitioner can terminate a pregnancy of less than 12 weeks or 12 to 20 weeks. The act also describes the required experience and training for medical practitioners and the facilities that approved places for termination must have. Information in admission registers for terminations must be kept confidential and the act outlines offenses and penalties.
This document discusses assisted reproduction regulations and ethical issues in Turkey. It outlines Turkey's laws which prohibit third-party reproductive assistance like donor eggs, donor sperm, or surrogacy. The regulations subject both medical facilities and individuals involved to penalties if they conduct or assist with such prohibited practices, even if they occur abroad. Public opinion surveys in Turkey show some acceptance of practices like egg donation if needed for family planning, but they remain banned under current legislation. The document examines attitudes and the growing practice of cross-border reproductive care seeking for Turkish patients.
The document discusses the legal requirements for registration of clinics, laboratories, and counseling centers that provide pre-natal diagnostic techniques and sex selection services in India. It outlines the registration procedures, minimum requirements for facilities and staff qualifications, and prohibitions under the law. Key points include mandatory registration at least 3 months in advance for any facility using ultrasound machines, minimum staffing requirements like employment of a gynaecologist, and prohibitions against sex selection or disclosing the sex of the fetus except for certain medical reasons.
The document provides guidance on the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act (PC-PNDT Act) that regulates pre-natal sex determination in India. It outlines the registration process for clinics performing ultrasound scans, legal requirements such as maintaining forms and records, and penalties for non-compliance, with the overall goal of preventing female feticide.
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act was passed in India to address unsafe abortions and high maternal mortality and morbidity rates. It legalizes abortion services and aims to promote access to safe abortion procedures. Abortions can be conducted up to 20 weeks gestation with the woman's consent, or a guardian's if she is underage. For abortions between 12-20 weeks, the opinion of two registered medical practitioners is required. The Act also establishes District Level Committees to approve places for terminating pregnancies and inspect them to ensure safe and hygienic conditions. It aims to improve maternal health by preventing unsafe abortions while also protecting medical practitioners conducting legal abortions.
This document summarizes the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 in India. It outlines the conditions under which pregnancy can be terminated, which include threats to the mother's life or health, fetal abnormalities, rape, contraceptive failure, and socio-economic reasons. It discusses who is qualified to perform abortions under 12 and 12-20 weeks, and where they can be done. The 1975 MTP rules aimed to simplify procedures and increase access. Strategies are proposed to raise awareness, improve counseling, and expand facility-based services while discouraging repeated abortions.
The document summarizes the Preconception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act, 1994 of India. It was amended in 2003 to address emerging technologies and issues with the previous act. The aim of the amended act is to prohibit sex selection before and after conception and regulate prenatal diagnostic techniques only for detecting genetic abnormalities. It regulates the techniques, persons, and places that can provide these diagnostic services. Strict penalties are outlined for violations like sex disclosure or determination and unauthorized practice.
This document discusses India's Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971. The act aims to improve maternal health by legalizing abortion and promoting access to safe abortion services. It lays out the legal framework for when and where pregnancies can be terminated, including up to 20 weeks gestation under certain circumstances. The MTP Rules specify requirements for abortion providers and approved facilities, as well as forms, record keeping, and reporting. Regulations address inspections and penalties for non-compliance to help ensure safe and hygienic abortion services.
The document summarizes the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Bill 2020 in India. Key points of the bill include extending the abortion window from 20 to 24 weeks, allowing abortion up to 24 weeks based on medical board approval for fetal abnormalities, and removing the requirement for spousal consent. The bill aims to reduce maternal mortality from unsafe abortions, protect women's reproductive rights, and keep pace with medical advances. It was approved by the Union Cabinet and both houses of Parliament in 2020-2021. The amendment benefits women by allowing for later detection of fetal abnormalities and helps rape victims, ill women and minors terminate unwanted pregnancies lawfully.
Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 2021Ashish Gupta
The document summarizes the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 and its amendments over the years in India.
1. The MTP Act of 1971 allowed termination of pregnancy up to 12 weeks upon opinion of one doctor and up to 20 weeks upon opinion of two doctors. It set conditions for legal abortion.
2. The Act was amended in 2002 and 2021. The 2021 amendment increased the upper gestation limit for abortion from 20 to 24 weeks and introduced provisions for a medical board's opinion to terminate pregnancies beyond 24 weeks in special cases.
3. While the amendment strengthens access to safe abortion, it does not specify a time limit for the medical board's decision and India faces shortages
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act 1971 — a law that was considered ahead of its times — legalized abortion in India up to 20 weeks of pregnancy, based on certain conditions and when provided by a registered medical practitioner at a registered medical facility. Conditions under the MTP Act under which a pregnancy may be terminated are continuation of the pregnancy would involve a risk to the life of the pregnant woman or cause grave injury to her physical or mental health. Also, substantial risk that the child, if born, would be seriously handicapped due to physical or mental abnormalities; pregnancy is caused by rape (presumed to constitute grave injury to mental health) and pregnancy is due to failure of contraceptive in a married woman or her husband (presumed to constitute grave injury to mental health).
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1971 was passed by the Indian Parliament to legalize abortion and regulate it by registered medical practitioners. The Act specifies the circumstances under which pregnancy can be terminated legally, which include risk to the life or health of the woman or if the child would be seriously handicapped. It also specifies who is allowed to perform abortions, which is registered medical practitioners with the required training and experience. Abortions can only be done in facilities approved by the government. Violations of the Act, such as performing abortions in unapproved places or by unqualified persons, can lead to imprisonment. The Act aims to balance a woman's reproductive rights with health and safety regulations.
Understanding the MTP Act Interpretation & implications dr. Sharda Jain & Team Lifecare Centre
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Indian Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 and its amendments. It outlines who can perform abortions, the circumstances under which abortions are allowed, and the facilities and paperwork required. Abortions must be done by registered medical practitioners in approved facilities and follow rules around consent, records, and reporting. Amendments in 2003 expanded access by allowing early medical abortions outside approved facilities if doctors have referral links. Strict adherence to the law and its processes is important to practice abortions legally and avoid penalties for violations.
Medical termination of pregnancy act 1971ARUNAYESUDAS
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 provides the legal framework for abortions in India by specifying the conditions under which pregnancies can be terminated, who is authorized to perform terminations, and where they can be performed. The Act aims to allow abortions by registered medical practitioners to be done safely and delegates authority over abortions to central and state governments. It specifies that pregnancies can be terminated if continuing the pregnancy risks the woman's life or health, if the fetus has physical or mental abnormalities, in cases of rape, or contraceptive failure in married women. Only registered medical practitioners with the required training and experience working in government-approved facilities can terminate pregnancies legally under the Act.
The document discusses India's Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act of 1971, which legalized abortion in the country. It summarizes key aspects of the law, including that abortion is legal within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy if diagnosed as posing a risk to the woman's physical or mental health. Between 12-20 weeks, permission from two doctors is required. Abortion is also allowed if the fetus would be born with severe abnormalities or in cases of rape or contraceptive failure. The Act was amended in 2003 and 2014 to further expand access and conditions for legal abortion.
The document summarizes a report on the Justice Monitoring Network (ROJ) in Tunisia, which was launched after the 2011 revolution to monitor the criminal justice system during the democratic transition period and promote international standards. It describes the ROJ's objectives, stakeholders, methodology for data collection and analysis on court cases and issues, and recommendations. The ROJ involves civil society organizations, legal professionals, and human rights defenders observing the justice system and analyzing the data to recommend legal reforms.
Pre conception and prenatal diagnostic techniquesDr. Preksha Jain
The Pre-Conception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Act was enacted in 1994 to regulate prenatal diagnostic techniques and prohibit their misuse for sex determination. The Act defines key terms and places, establishes regulations for genetic counseling centers, clinics, and laboratories, and qualifications for professionals. It prohibits determining or disclosing the sex of the fetus. Violations are punishable by imprisonment and fines. The Act aims to prevent misuse of prenatal diagnosis and sex selection.
Legal aspects of abortion care By DR ALKA MUKHERJEE NAGPUR M.S. INDIAalka mukherjee
The document discusses the legal aspects of abortion care in India. It summarizes the key points of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, including that abortions are allowed up to 20 weeks for a broad range of medical reasons. It outlines the requirements for a legal abortion, such as it being performed by a registered medical practitioner at an approved facility, with proper consent and documentation. The document also discusses reporting requirements for abortions performed on minors and the qualifications needed to perform abortions at different gestational periods.
This is a presentation regarding the most salient features of PCPNDT act, India (formerly known as PNDT act). It is made for undergraduate medical students (MBBS). Hope it will help you in your examinations.
The document discusses the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 in India. The key points are:
1) The MTP Act legalized abortion in India and aims to improve maternal health by promoting access to safe abortion services.
2) It allows termination of pregnancy up to 20 weeks with consent, and up to 12 weeks without approval. Termination can be done if the woman's life is at risk or there are fetal abnormalities.
3) The MTP Rules specify requirements for providers, approved facilities, and the process for approving places to perform abortions. They help ensure safe and hygienic abortion services.
This document outlines the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 and Rules of 1975 in India. The key objectives of the act are to improve maternal health by legalizing abortion services and promoting access to safe abortions. It defines terms like minor, registered medical practitioner, and place. It specifies the circumstances under which a registered medical practitioner can terminate a pregnancy of less than 12 weeks or 12 to 20 weeks. The act also describes the required experience and training for medical practitioners and the facilities that approved places for termination must have. Information in admission registers for terminations must be kept confidential and the act outlines offenses and penalties.
This document discusses assisted reproduction regulations and ethical issues in Turkey. It outlines Turkey's laws which prohibit third-party reproductive assistance like donor eggs, donor sperm, or surrogacy. The regulations subject both medical facilities and individuals involved to penalties if they conduct or assist with such prohibited practices, even if they occur abroad. Public opinion surveys in Turkey show some acceptance of practices like egg donation if needed for family planning, but they remain banned under current legislation. The document examines attitudes and the growing practice of cross-border reproductive care seeking for Turkish patients.
The document discusses the legal requirements for registration of clinics, laboratories, and counseling centers that provide pre-natal diagnostic techniques and sex selection services in India. It outlines the registration procedures, minimum requirements for facilities and staff qualifications, and prohibitions under the law. Key points include mandatory registration at least 3 months in advance for any facility using ultrasound machines, minimum staffing requirements like employment of a gynaecologist, and prohibitions against sex selection or disclosing the sex of the fetus except for certain medical reasons.
The document provides guidance on the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act (PC-PNDT Act) that regulates pre-natal sex determination in India. It outlines the registration process for clinics performing ultrasound scans, legal requirements such as maintaining forms and records, and penalties for non-compliance, with the overall goal of preventing female feticide.
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act was passed in India to address unsafe abortions and high maternal mortality and morbidity rates. It legalizes abortion services and aims to promote access to safe abortion procedures. Abortions can be conducted up to 20 weeks gestation with the woman's consent, or a guardian's if she is underage. For abortions between 12-20 weeks, the opinion of two registered medical practitioners is required. The Act also establishes District Level Committees to approve places for terminating pregnancies and inspect them to ensure safe and hygienic conditions. It aims to improve maternal health by preventing unsafe abortions while also protecting medical practitioners conducting legal abortions.
This document summarizes the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 in India. It outlines the conditions under which pregnancy can be terminated, which include threats to the mother's life or health, fetal abnormalities, rape, contraceptive failure, and socio-economic reasons. It discusses who is qualified to perform abortions under 12 and 12-20 weeks, and where they can be done. The 1975 MTP rules aimed to simplify procedures and increase access. Strategies are proposed to raise awareness, improve counseling, and expand facility-based services while discouraging repeated abortions.
The document summarizes the Preconception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act, 1994 of India. It was amended in 2003 to address emerging technologies and issues with the previous act. The aim of the amended act is to prohibit sex selection before and after conception and regulate prenatal diagnostic techniques only for detecting genetic abnormalities. It regulates the techniques, persons, and places that can provide these diagnostic services. Strict penalties are outlined for violations like sex disclosure or determination and unauthorized practice.
This document discusses India's Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971. The act aims to improve maternal health by legalizing abortion and promoting access to safe abortion services. It lays out the legal framework for when and where pregnancies can be terminated, including up to 20 weeks gestation under certain circumstances. The MTP Rules specify requirements for abortion providers and approved facilities, as well as forms, record keeping, and reporting. Regulations address inspections and penalties for non-compliance to help ensure safe and hygienic abortion services.
The document summarizes the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Bill 2020 in India. Key points of the bill include extending the abortion window from 20 to 24 weeks, allowing abortion up to 24 weeks based on medical board approval for fetal abnormalities, and removing the requirement for spousal consent. The bill aims to reduce maternal mortality from unsafe abortions, protect women's reproductive rights, and keep pace with medical advances. It was approved by the Union Cabinet and both houses of Parliament in 2020-2021. The amendment benefits women by allowing for later detection of fetal abnormalities and helps rape victims, ill women and minors terminate unwanted pregnancies lawfully.
Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 2021Ashish Gupta
The document summarizes the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 and its amendments over the years in India.
1. The MTP Act of 1971 allowed termination of pregnancy up to 12 weeks upon opinion of one doctor and up to 20 weeks upon opinion of two doctors. It set conditions for legal abortion.
2. The Act was amended in 2002 and 2021. The 2021 amendment increased the upper gestation limit for abortion from 20 to 24 weeks and introduced provisions for a medical board's opinion to terminate pregnancies beyond 24 weeks in special cases.
3. While the amendment strengthens access to safe abortion, it does not specify a time limit for the medical board's decision and India faces shortages
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act 1971 — a law that was considered ahead of its times — legalized abortion in India up to 20 weeks of pregnancy, based on certain conditions and when provided by a registered medical practitioner at a registered medical facility. Conditions under the MTP Act under which a pregnancy may be terminated are continuation of the pregnancy would involve a risk to the life of the pregnant woman or cause grave injury to her physical or mental health. Also, substantial risk that the child, if born, would be seriously handicapped due to physical or mental abnormalities; pregnancy is caused by rape (presumed to constitute grave injury to mental health) and pregnancy is due to failure of contraceptive in a married woman or her husband (presumed to constitute grave injury to mental health).
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1971 was passed by the Indian Parliament to legalize abortion and regulate it by registered medical practitioners. The Act specifies the circumstances under which pregnancy can be terminated legally, which include risk to the life or health of the woman or if the child would be seriously handicapped. It also specifies who is allowed to perform abortions, which is registered medical practitioners with the required training and experience. Abortions can only be done in facilities approved by the government. Violations of the Act, such as performing abortions in unapproved places or by unqualified persons, can lead to imprisonment. The Act aims to balance a woman's reproductive rights with health and safety regulations.
Understanding the MTP Act Interpretation & implications dr. Sharda Jain & Team Lifecare Centre
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Indian Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 and its amendments. It outlines who can perform abortions, the circumstances under which abortions are allowed, and the facilities and paperwork required. Abortions must be done by registered medical practitioners in approved facilities and follow rules around consent, records, and reporting. Amendments in 2003 expanded access by allowing early medical abortions outside approved facilities if doctors have referral links. Strict adherence to the law and its processes is important to practice abortions legally and avoid penalties for violations.
Medical termination of pregnancy act 1971ARUNAYESUDAS
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 provides the legal framework for abortions in India by specifying the conditions under which pregnancies can be terminated, who is authorized to perform terminations, and where they can be performed. The Act aims to allow abortions by registered medical practitioners to be done safely and delegates authority over abortions to central and state governments. It specifies that pregnancies can be terminated if continuing the pregnancy risks the woman's life or health, if the fetus has physical or mental abnormalities, in cases of rape, or contraceptive failure in married women. Only registered medical practitioners with the required training and experience working in government-approved facilities can terminate pregnancies legally under the Act.
The document discusses India's Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act of 1971, which legalized abortion in the country. It summarizes key aspects of the law, including that abortion is legal within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy if diagnosed as posing a risk to the woman's physical or mental health. Between 12-20 weeks, permission from two doctors is required. Abortion is also allowed if the fetus would be born with severe abnormalities or in cases of rape or contraceptive failure. The Act was amended in 2003 and 2014 to further expand access and conditions for legal abortion.
The document summarizes a report on the Justice Monitoring Network (ROJ) in Tunisia, which was launched after the 2011 revolution to monitor the criminal justice system during the democratic transition period and promote international standards. It describes the ROJ's objectives, stakeholders, methodology for data collection and analysis on court cases and issues, and recommendations. The ROJ involves civil society organizations, legal professionals, and human rights defenders observing the justice system and analyzing the data to recommend legal reforms.
This document outlines the process for monitoring implementation of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act 1989 and Rules 1995 at the state level in India. It describes the key mechanisms, reports, reviews, and committees involved in state-level monitoring, including: 1) mandatory gazette notifications, 2) monthly reports submitted by districts to the state government, 3) quarterly reviews conducted by the state government, 4) half-yearly reviews of special public prosecutors, and 5) biannual meetings and reviews by the State Vigilance and Monitoring Committee. The document provides detailed guidance on the information to request from authorities at each stage of monitoring to ensure proper implementation of the Act.
SC/ST (PoA) Act Monitoring at the state levelOpenSpace
The document outlines the various mechanisms that states must establish to monitor the implementation of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act 1989, including setting up state and district level vigilance and monitoring committees, issuing mandatory notifications, submitting monthly and quarterly reports, and conducting reviews of investigations, prosecutions, and preventive actions. Key requirements include notifying atrocity prone areas, constituting special courts and prosecution panels, submitting investigation and prosecution reports, and reviewing the performance of investigating officers, prosecution, and committees.
A single page calendar to track the implementation of the SCs and STs (PoA) Act 1989 and Rules 1995.
Use along with the set of 10 files (POA 1 to POA 9) to monitor its implementation using the Right to Information Act 2005 (RTI).
Download the whole set and use!
This document outlines the mandatory activities, responsible officers, and timelines for monitoring the implementation of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act. Key activities include monthly reviews by district magistrates of case positions, submission of monthly reports by protection cells to state governments, half-yearly reviews by district magistrates of special public prosecutors, annual reports submitted by state governments to central government, and preparation of panels of public prosecutors and eminent advocates every three years at the state level. Non-compliance is to be addressed through representation to higher authorities or filing RTIs.
The Collection of Statistics Act, 2008 is the primary legislation in India for collecting economic, social, demographic, scientific, and environmental data. It empowers the government to direct the collection of statistics on various topics and appoint statistics officers. Statistics authorities can require owners of businesses to provide information and have access to relevant records. Collected information is restricted from publication to protect confidentiality. The Act establishes penalties for non-compliance and improper disclosure of information. It aims to enhance the scope of data collection compared to the previous statistics act.
This document provides an evaluation report from GRECO (Group of States Against Corruption) on the transparency of party funding in Italy. It summarizes Italy's political/electoral system, legal framework for political parties, sources of political funding, and public funding system. The public funding system provides reimbursements for election campaign expenditures, which often exceed actual spending. Overall public funds make up about 82% of major party revenues in Italy. The report analyzes Italy's compliance with international standards on political funding transparency.
The applicants, who are Dalit-Bahujan-Adivasi activists and journalists, have filed this intervention application in the ongoing public interest litigation regarding the Hathras gang rape and murder case. They seek to provide insights on caste-based atrocities against Dalits, especially Dalit women, and barriers they face in accessing justice. The application notes that Uttar Pradesh has the highest number of cases under the SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities Act but has failed to properly implement the Act, such as identifying atrocity-prone areas or formulating contingency plans as required. It aims to highlight the systemic discrimination and lack of protection faced by Dalits in Uttar Pradesh.
The document summarizes Amnesty International's report on policing of candlelight protests in South Korea against the resumption of US beef imports in 2008. Some key points:
1) The protests began in May 2008 and continued for months, with tens of thousands participating at times to voice opposition to US beef and other policies.
2) While mostly peaceful, there were sporadic clashes between riot police and some violent protesters. Police used methods like water cannons, fire extinguishers and beatings that amounted to unnecessary or excessive force.
3) Amnesty documented arbitrary arrests and detentions, lack of police accountability, and failures to ensure medical care for detainees, which violated international standards.
This document provides an overview of the Right to Information Act in India. It discusses that RTI was recognized as a fundamental right in India in 2005 and enacted to promote transparency and accountability. It outlines key aspects of the act including definitions of information and public authorities, citizens' right to access information, exceptions, procedures for filing RTI requests, and examples of successful uses of RTI like exposing corruption. The document also briefly discusses the history and objectives of the act as well as penalties for non-compliance.
This document provides guidance on monitoring cases under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act 1989 and Rules 1995 (POA). It outlines the key steps to take before, during, and after an atrocity occurs. These include obtaining relevant documents on state mechanisms for POA implementation, choosing a case where strong community support exists, ensuring proper filing of FIRs and charge sheets, monitoring investigations and provision of victim relief, and engaging with vigilance committees. The goal is to use RTI and internal POA mechanisms to help victims access justice and hold officials accountable for dereliction of duties under the Act.
Overview of Right to Information Act 2005 Sanjay Barve
The Right to Information Act was enacted in 2005 to provide citizens access to information held by public authorities in order to promote transparency and accountability. Some key aspects of the Act include establishing a framework for citizens to request information, obligations of public authorities to maintain and provide information, exemptions for denying certain information, and establishing Information Commissions to oversee the process. The Act aims to operationalize the constitutional right to information and bring more openness in governance.
The document provides an overview and assessment of the implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) Chapter of the 2nd Philippine Human Rights Action Plan from 2012-2016. It discusses the accomplishments of government agencies in enhancing the capacity of the justice system to implement laws protecting women's rights, promoting non-discrimination, and fulfilling women's rights through legal reforms. Key achievements include passage of new laws and policies, increased accountability mechanisms, and strategic plans to eliminate violence against women.
The document summarizes a training session on the Right to Information Act of 2005 conducted in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. It outlines key sections of the act including sections on proactive disclosure of information by authorities, requesting information, appeal processes, penalties, and exempted organizations. It provides details on the format for responding to information requests and maintaining case registers. The training covered 16 categories of information that public authorities must publish under section 4(1)(b) and explained requirements for proactive disclosure of information.
Abstract: The menace of corruption in Nigeria is very pervasive with global implications. So pervasive is corruption in Nigeria that almost every aspect of National life is affected one way or the other (Matthew et al 2013). According to Woodward 2015, psychosocial approach looks at individuals in the context of the combined influence that psychological factors and the surrounding social environment have on their physical and mental wellness and their ability to function. This approach is used in broad range of helping professions in health and social care settings as well as by medical and social science researchers. It is however difficult to provide the exact date that corruption became a subject of national discourse in Nigeria (Matthew et al 2013). The age of corruption in Nigeria however, has affected the socio-psychology of the citizenry as there have been little or no effective measures put in place to curb the menace of corruption. It is also undisputedly true that corruption in the Nigerian society has eaten deep into the law enforcement agencies, political parties, political leaders, judicial system, government and private ministries and parastatals, law makers, etc., and above all, the psycho-social standing of the citizenry is greatly affected. Thus, curbing corruption in Nigeria may seem too daunting to dare but before proffering critical remedies/strategies/recommendations that will help tremendously in curbing corruption in Nigeria, a closer look at some two major factors that have been grossly infected by corruption will be considered. These two factors are carefully selected because the multiplier effects of corruption we see today in Nigeria find their roots in these two factors which are political corruption and judicial corruption. If corruption in these two institutions mentioned is curbed, then corruption in other aspects of life would have been greatly diminished and the slogan “change begins with me” would become more productive in the reduction of corruption as well as conscience upliftment and Nigeria would be in her way forward to a corrupt-free nation.
Keywords: corruption.
Title: TOWARDS CURBING CORRUPTION IN NIGERIAN SOCIETY
Author: NWUZOR, E. EZIAKU, ANYAOGU, BONIFACE E
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH),
ISSN 2349-7831,
Paper Publications
Condemning corruption while condoning inefficiency: an experimental investiga...FGV Brazil
This article reports results from an economic experiment that investigates to what extent voters punish corruption and waste in elections. While both are responsible for a loss of welfare for voters, they are not necessarily perceived as equally immoral. The empirical literature in political agency has not yet dealt with these two dimensions that determine voters’ choices. Our results suggest that morality and norms are indeed crucial for a superior voting equilibrium in systems with heterogeneous politicians: while corruption is always punished, self-interest alone – in the absence of norms – leads to the acceptance and perpetuation of waste and social losses.
Date: 2016
Authors:
Arvate, Paulo Roberto
Souza, Sergio Mittlaender Leme de
Obstacles to Investigators Using Electronic Information Technology in the Pro...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : This study aims to find out and examine the obstacles investigators use electronic information
technology in the process of inquiry and investigation to uncover criminal acts of persecution (a case study of
the persecution that led to the death of the victim Augustine ) normative research supported by empirical data.
The results showed that the obstacles faced by investigators at the DitreskrimumPoldaSultra in the use of
technology related to the process of investigating and investigating cases of abuse that caused the death of
people consisted of 3 (three) obstacles, namely: first , Obstacles in Legal Substance: a. The Criminal Code does
not recognize electronic evidence; b. The evidence in the Electronic Transaction Information Law is not
supported by adequate implementing regulations; and c. There is no progressive legal umbrella in terms of
Standard Operating Procedures for the use of technology in the process of investigating criminal acts of
persecution that cause people to die.
KEYWORDS: Investigators, Electronic Evidence, Persecution.
To provide brief introduction of the Right to Information Act 2005 Act and main provisions relating to Public Authority, Information Commission, State & Central Information Commission & so on
Similar to Implementation of P.C-P.N.D.T act in state of Delhi between 2008-2010 (20)
The document discusses Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code, which protects married women from cruelty by their husbands or in-laws. It notes the increasing number of cases filed under this section but also very low conviction rates and high pendency of cases. Reasons proposed for this include lack of proper investigation, delays in investigations, and biases within the justice system. While some argue the section is misused, most experts argue this is a myth and the section is in fact "hardly used" given domestic violence rates. Most experts argue against making the section compoundable or bailable, as this could undermine the purpose of deterring domestic violence and pressure women to withdraw complaints. The gender-specific nature of the section is also
Dr. Mitu Khurana: The Defender of Baby GirlsMitu Khosla
One of the most remarkable stories shared in the new documentary “It’s a Girl” is that of Dr. Mitu Khurana and her daughters. Their story is shocking and distressing, exposing how the prejudice against female children permeates all levels of Indian society, while also being a testimony to the great love that a mother has for her children and how she can rise above her own fears to protect them.
Highlights of the Report ‘Children in India 2012- A Statistical Appraisal’ * Mitu Khosla
The document summarizes key statistics about children in India from Census and survey data. It finds that while India's total population grew from 2001-2011, the number of children aged 0-6 declined. Several states have alarmingly low child sex ratios below 900. Malnutrition is a major issue, with nearly half of children under-5 stunted and over 40% underweight. Immunization coverage is around 60% nationally but varies significantly between states and demographics. School enrollment has increased but many children still do not complete primary or upper primary levels. Around 13 million children work, many in hazardous occupations like construction or factories.
The document provides statistics on the status of children in India based on Census 2011 and other surveys. Some key highlights:
1. The population of children aged 0-6 declined by 5.05 million from 2001-2011, with a larger decline in female children. The share of children aged 0-6 also declined significantly.
2. The child sex ratio declined from 945 to 914 from 1991-2011 while the overall sex ratio improved. Several states have alarmingly low child sex ratios below 900.
3. Infant and under-5 mortality rates have declined but remain higher in rural areas. Full immunization coverage of children aged 12-23 months was 61% nationally in 2009.
This document discusses the implementation of the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act in India, including perspectives and challenges. It was supported by organizations like the National Human Rights Commission and UNFPA. The study examined implementation across multiple states in India through interviews with Appropriate Authorities, public prosecutors, and others. It found issues like lack of awareness about the law, poor record maintenance, and low conviction rates. Recommendations included strengthening monitoring mechanisms, improving training for officials, and ensuring strict action against violations.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the Handbook on Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act and Rules in India. It discusses the historical context of female infanticide and its replacement by female foeticide in India. It notes that medical practitioners have enabled sex-selective abortions by providing sex determination tests. As a result, the sex ratio has declined dramatically, especially in the 0-6 age group. The document emphasizes that female foeticide threatens social status of women and gains made over years, and must be addressed urgently through legal and social measures.
The document reports on numerous incidents in India from January to July 2012 of female fetuses being aborted or abandoned, baby girls being abandoned or killed, and women being abused or killed for giving birth to girls rather than boys. It notes the widespread problem of gender-based crimes against young girls and female fetuses in India and suggests authorities have failed to adequately address the issue.
This document provides statistics on women in India from 2010. It includes demographic data, information on health, nutrition, education, work participation, and support services for women. Some key findings are that the female literacy rate rose from 8.86% in 1951 to 54.16% in 2001, and women's work participation increased from 19.7% in 1981 to 25.7% in 2001. However, the sex ratio declined from 945 girls per 1000 boys in 1991 to 927 in 2001, and over 50% of women get married before age 18. Maternal and infant mortality rates also remain high. The document aims to be a reference for assessing progress and identifying areas needing more development efforts.
This document summarizes crime statistics related to crimes against women in India in 2010. It finds that reported crimes against women increased 4.8% from 2009 to a total of 2,13,585 cases. The most common crimes were cruelty by husband/relatives (44% of cases), molestation (19%), and kidnapping/abduction (13.9%). States with the highest reported crime rates against women were Tripura, Mizoram, and Bihar. The document analyzes trends and provides details on specific crimes like rape, dowry deaths, torture, and others.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. It states that regular exercise can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help alleviate symptoms of mental illness.
The document defines genocide and outlines 5 acts that constitute genocide according to the UN Convention. It then lists some historical examples of leaders and regimes responsible for genocides and the estimated death tolls, including Mao Zedong in China which resulted in 49-78 million deaths. It also discusses the issue of missing girls in India due to practices like female foeticide and sex-selective abortion. The Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Act was implemented in India to prohibit sex determination and selection before or after conception along with mandatory registration and regulations for clinics providing related services and technologies.
Approximately 50 million women are missing from the populations of India and China due to practices like female infanticide, preferential treatment of boys, and sex-selective abortion. Advances in technology now allow for prenatal determination of sex, leading millions of female fetuses to be aborted each year in these countries. While laws have been implemented to ban sex determination and selective abortion, underground markets have emerged and skewed the sex ratios to as high as 130 boys for every 100 girls. The review discusses the history of attempts to select sex through natural and medical means, as well as more recent developments in gender selection methods prior to conception.
1) The study analyzed US birth certificate data from 1975-2002 to examine sex ratios by race and birth order, finding distortions from expected biological norms.
2) Sex ratios were higher than expected for Chinese, Filipinos, Asian Indians and Koreans, exceeding 1.07. Ratios increased further for these groups with higher birth orders, suggesting prenatal sex selection.
3) The highest sex ratios were found for third or higher order births to Chinese (1.111), Asian Indians (1.126), and Koreans (1.109), strongly implying prenatal sex selection in these populations.
social and ethical literature aspects of sex selectionreviewMitu Khosla
This document provides a literature review and annotated bibliography on social and ethical aspects of sex selection. It summarizes the objective, search methods, key findings from attitudinal studies of the general population and medical/ancillary staff on views toward sex selection. Several general population surveys from the 1970s-1980s in the US and UK found a preference for gender balance over a single sex. Studies of couples seeking sex selection found preferences varied by culture/region.
1) The sex ratio at birth (number of male live births per 100 female births) varies geographically and ethnically, ranging from 102-104 for African populations to 106 and above for some Asian populations.
2) Several countries in Asia have seen a pronounced increase in sex ratios above 107 males per 100 females since the 1980s, which is attributed to sex-selective abortion.
3) Using UK birth registration data from 1969-2005, the authors analyze sex ratios of births by mother's country of birth and find variation, with some Asian groups having higher ratios than others or the UK average.
Different sex ratios of children born to Indian and Pakistani immigrants in N...Mitu Khosla
This study investigated sex ratios of children born to Indian and Pakistani immigrants in Norway. The researchers found:
1) A significant low female-to-male sex ratio among 3rd and 4th birth order children born to Indian mothers after 1987.
2) Sex ratios did not deviate from expected levels for Indian mothers from 1969-1986 and remained stable for Pakistani mothers over the full study period.
3) The skewed sex ratio among higher birth orders for Indian mothers after 1987 likely reflects an increase in sex-selective abortion following the availability of ultrasound technology for determining fetal sex.
Son-biased sex ratios in the 2000 United States CensusMitu Khosla
The document summarizes a study that found evidence of sex selection among Chinese, Korean, and Asian Indian families in the 2000 U.S. Census. The study found male-biased sex ratios for third children, with sons outnumbering daughters 1.51 to 1 if the first two children were girls. This pattern mirrored son preference trends in China and India. However, sex ratios among white families did not vary significantly with birth order or existing child gender. The authors interpret these findings as evidence of prenatal sex selection among these Asian ethnic groups in the U.S.
This document discusses the issue of sex-selective abortions in the United States and argues that legislation should be passed to ban this practice. It provides evidence from multiple studies that sex-selective abortions resulting in skewed gender ratios have occurred among some immigrant communities in the US. While not a widespread problem, the document estimates that tens of thousands of female fetuses have been aborted based on their gender among high-risk communities. It also discusses the more severe issues with sex-selective abortion in other countries like India and China in order to further argue that banning such practices is ethically justified.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Implementation of P.C-P.N.D.T act in state of Delhi between 2008-2010
1. Study to see the implementation of Pre Conception And Pre Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act (P.C-P.N.D.T Act) In State Of Delhi. Presented By – Mitu Khurana, Vinod Goyal, Sharvari Ubale 2/11/2011 1
8. Cases where the form F is not filled at all, or where the vital details are lacking, such that the woman who has undergone the ultrasound cannot be identified, than this lapse cannot be passed over as a procedural lapse, and has to be in all seriousness tried in a court of law.2/11/2011 5
9.
10. The centers which are unregistered are required to be prosecuted by the authorities under provisions of the act and there is no question of issue of warning and to permit them to continue their illegal activities.
11. Appropriate authorities or any officer of the central or the state government authorized in this behalf is required to file complaint under section 28 of the act for prosecuting the offenders.2/11/2011 6
12.
13. Court cases were supposedly launched only against 3 out of 35 unregistered establishments found during raids
14. Out of other 46 complaints where cases were supposed to be launched-1 clinic registration has been cancelled, 1 clinic fine was imposed of Rs.15,000/- only and Court cases were launched against 19 cases, out of which 8 cases were later withdrawn at various stages. 2/11/2011 7
17. Lack of accountability and will to enforce the law.
18. The State is totally complacent on the issue, and there is no monitoring of actions prescribed in the Act,
19. Total irresponsible reporting in flagrant violation of norms, rules and regulations.2/11/2011 8
20. OBJECTIVE To Study The Actions Taken Under The P.C- P.N.D.T Act By The Implementing Authorities In Delhi During The Time Period From March 2008-march 2010 (Data Received By R.T.I) 2/11/2011 9
23. DATA AND METHODS Data was divided into groups regarding: Establishments found violating the provisions of the act, Actions taken for various violations , The status of the establishments at time of giving reply to R.T.I Number of court cases filed in state of Delhi in the past 2 years (i.e. from March 2008-March 2010 under the P.C-P.N.D.T act 2/11/2011 11
42. The penalties imposed were not according to the law/ Orders of Honorable Supreme Court /Gujarat High Court in Majority of cases
43. In many cases in which court case was to be filed ,only show cause notice was issued.
44. The Authorities are letting off the establishments sealed for improper record keeping by taking simple Penalty and affidavit.2/11/2011 29
45.
46. Court case has been filed in only 11 out of 404 establishments found violating the act.
47. Only show cause notice was given to 390 out of 404 establishments found violating the act 2/11/2011 30
48. RECOMMENDATIONS The implementing authorities should be made accountable for sex ratios of their districts. Awareness should be increased in the general masses regarding the rules Of Act. The P.C-P.N.D.T act must be included in the syllabus of medical and related disciplines. The media should be involved in all raids, so that no complaint can be swept under the carpet by the implementing authorities. 2/11/2011 31
49. RECOMMENDATIONS The National Inspection and Monitoring Committee should have a regulatory role over the legal actions being initiated against the clinics/establishments raided by them. All the actions taken by the implementing authorities should be accessible to the civil society 2/11/2011 32
50. REFERENCES Guilmoto Christophe Z “Sex-ratio imbalance in Asia: Trends, consequences and policy responses” (www.unfpa.org/gender/docs/studies/summaries/regional_analysis.pdf) Gorea R.K. “Editorial” JIAFM, 2004; 26(3). ISSN 0971-0973 (medind.nic.in/jal/t04/i3/jalt04i3p91.pdf) Jones A “Case Study: Female Infanticide” (http://www.gendercide.org/case_infanticide.html) “Violations Under The P.N.D.T Act And The Penalties” (http://pndt.gov.in/index1.asp?linkid=19) 2/11/2011 33
51. Annual Report, 2006 (pndt.gov.in/writereaddata /mainlinkfile/File99.pdf) OberoiRadhika “Here, Blue Still Wins Over Pink”, The Times of India,August 5th, 2008 (http://www.geneticsandsociety.org/article.php?id=4207) Health department of Haryana “Implementation of PNDT Act – 1994 in Haryana” (http://haryanahealth.nic.in/menudesc.aspx?Page=2) Express News Service “Doctor convicted for violating PNDT Act” Wed Feb 04 2009 (http://www.indianexpress.com/news/doctor-convicted-for-violating-pndt-act/418997/) 2/11/2011 34
52. Supreme Court Of India “Centre for Enquiry into Health And Allied themes [CHEHAT] & Ors Vs Union of India & Ors, Writ Petition [Civil] No. 301 Of 2000” order dated May 4, 2001 Times News Network , Lucknow Jul 14, 2010 “UP still not serious on PCPNDT Act” (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/UP-still-not-serious-on-PCPNDT-Act/articleshow/6164935.cms) Five Month Activity Report Of National Support And Monitoring Cell from 15th May -14th October 06 (mohfw.nic.in/.../NSMC/NSMC%20Activity%20Report_May-Oct%2006.pdf) 2/11/2011 35