Presented by Jaap de Heer
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
PowerPoint on Food Security.
Looks at what is Food Security and Food Insecurity.
Looks at School lunches from around the world and looks at four (4) typical Australian school lunches and examines the content.
Accompanied by 'topical cartoons' for class discussion and application of knowledge.
Download of PowerPoint will reveal full animation used to enhance the presentation.
“The impact of Blue Economy on Sustainable Development of Bangladesh.” part 2...Md. Mamun Hasan Biddut
Natural resource manipulation has been the foremost feature for economic development and trade for most of world history. At present, it is generally accepted that economic advancement around the world is leading to the unalterable exhaustion of natural resources, environmental degradation and resulting threat to future generations, which are vital reasons and challenges for reconsidering economic patterns. At present Environmental resources are denoted as economic assets and called “natural capital”.
Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture for Food Security and Nutrition
This report addresses a frequently overlooked but extremely important part of world food and nutrition security: the role and importance of fish in seeking food and nutrition security for all. Fisheries and aquaculture have often been arbitrarily separated from other parts of the food and agricultural systems in food security studies, debates and policy-making. I applaud the Committee on World Food Security for its decision to bring fisheries and aquaculture fully into the debate about food and nutrition security.
The report presents a synthesis of existing evidence regarding the complex pathways between fisheries and aquaculture and food and nutrition security, including the environmental, economic and social dimensions, as well as issues related to governance. It provides insights on what needs to be done to achieve sustainable fisheries and aquaculture in order to strengthen their positive impact on food and nutrition security.
Presented by Jaap de Heer
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
PowerPoint on Food Security.
Looks at what is Food Security and Food Insecurity.
Looks at School lunches from around the world and looks at four (4) typical Australian school lunches and examines the content.
Accompanied by 'topical cartoons' for class discussion and application of knowledge.
Download of PowerPoint will reveal full animation used to enhance the presentation.
“The impact of Blue Economy on Sustainable Development of Bangladesh.” part 2...Md. Mamun Hasan Biddut
Natural resource manipulation has been the foremost feature for economic development and trade for most of world history. At present, it is generally accepted that economic advancement around the world is leading to the unalterable exhaustion of natural resources, environmental degradation and resulting threat to future generations, which are vital reasons and challenges for reconsidering economic patterns. At present Environmental resources are denoted as economic assets and called “natural capital”.
Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture for Food Security and Nutrition
This report addresses a frequently overlooked but extremely important part of world food and nutrition security: the role and importance of fish in seeking food and nutrition security for all. Fisheries and aquaculture have often been arbitrarily separated from other parts of the food and agricultural systems in food security studies, debates and policy-making. I applaud the Committee on World Food Security for its decision to bring fisheries and aquaculture fully into the debate about food and nutrition security.
The report presents a synthesis of existing evidence regarding the complex pathways between fisheries and aquaculture and food and nutrition security, including the environmental, economic and social dimensions, as well as issues related to governance. It provides insights on what needs to be done to achieve sustainable fisheries and aquaculture in order to strengthen their positive impact on food and nutrition security.
Soil types of Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir has a diverse climate, with cold and dry weather in Ladakh, a humid weather and moist winters in the hilly regions of Jammu and Kashmir, and less moist winters and hot summers in the plains of Jammu. Diversity in climatic conditions of a region has an impact on the types of soil found in that region. Here’s a brief account of the types of soil found in Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh.
The soil type in Jammu and Kashmir is described as alluvial, which is majorly found in Kathua and Jammu. This soil is loamy with little clay content and has lime and magnesium in small quantities. The Kashmir valley, located in the temperate zone, also has alluvial soil that has high quantities of nitrogen and organic matter.
The soil in Leh and Kargil is primarily sandy or sandy loam, and has medium to medium-high levels of organic matter. This soil has less water-holding capacity.
The soils of Jammu and Kashmir can be broadly classified into the following groups:
Brown forest Soil: Mainly found in the Doda, Poonch, Baramulla, and Udhampur districts, this soil has the texture of silt loam to clay; it is moderately alkaline, has a water holding capacity of 40% and a good amount of carbon and nitrogen. Apples, cherries, safflower, and wheat can be cultivated in this type of soil.
Mountain Forest Soil: This soil is found in regions at lower altitudes. It has a sandy loam to loamy texture, has a water holding capacity in the range of 30% to 40%, and is slightly alkaline.
Mountain Meadow Soil: Found in Gulmarg, Sonamarg, and Pahalgam, this soil is alkaline and has high levels of organic carbon. It can hold 50% to 60% water; it is sandy loam to clay loam and fine to course in texture.
Red and Yellow Podzolic Soil: Found in Kathua, Rajouri, Udhampur, and Poonch, this soil is course and has a water-holding capacity of 40%.
Grey-brown Podzolic Soil: This soil is clay to loam in texture and slightly acidic. It is widely found in Gulmarg and Pahalgam.
Lithosol: This type of soil is found on the slopes of forest hills in Jammu, Udhampur, and Poonch. It can hold up to 38% water and 0.2% to 0.6 % organic carbon.
Saline Alkali Soil: It is found in the alluvial belt of Jammu and Kathua and some parts of Ladakh.
Alluvial Soil: This soil type is found on the plains of Kathua, Poonch and Udhampur, Sindh in Ladakh and on the flood plains of rivers such as Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi, and Sindh.
The rural folk and farmers in Kashmir recognize the different types of soil by local names.
Clayey soil is called Gurti, has a good water retaining capacity, and is found on the flood plains of Jhelum.
Loamy soil is known as Bahil, is good for agriculture and rich in humus, and is found on the right bank of Jhelum.
Sandy soil is called Sekil and is found in the Sind Valley.
Peaty soil, locally known as Nambal, is the soil found on the banks of River Jhelum and near the Manasbal and Anchar lakes. Mustard, pulses and fodder grow in this t
14 March 2016. Brussels. DevCo External Cooperation InfoPoint. An overview of the situation of food and nutrition security in the world today was presented. Special emphasis was given to the current situation of El Niño, current droughts in Africa South of the Sahara, and potential policies that need to be put in place in the future to minimize these and associated risks.
Introduction: Jean-Pierre Halkin, Head of Unit - DEVCO C1- Rural development, Food security, Nutrition
Presentation: Maximo Torrero, Director, Markets, Trade and Institutions Division, International Food Policy Research Institute
BLUE ECONOMY: TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE MARINE AND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT IN INDON...Sunoto Mes
The integration of economy, social, and environmental protection is necessity to promote sustainable marine and fisheries development, especially in archipelagic states like Indonesia. The Blue Economy principle that is primarily concerned with natures' efficiency, social inclusiveness, and environmental protection is mostly suitable to apply in promoting an integrated marine and fisheries development for the prosperity of not only the present but also future generation. The implementation of Blue Economy principles on marine and fisheries deals with 2 major approaches: 1) promoting blue economy models of businesses and 2) developing blue economy zones. The first approach refers to business and investment that promote multiple revenue, employment, and income generation while the second approach deals with integrating marine and fisheries macro policies and developing integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) and other related land-based economy activities. This concept is aimed to provide a new way of thinking as a challenge to businesses and investors as well as governments in dealing economic opportunity in marine and fisheries. This concept was also initiated to respond to global issues as the global warming and climate change and their impacts have become apparent in damaging the environment, including ocean and coastal. Appropriate and strategic actions need to be done by not only the government but also private sectors.
Sustainable Economic Development - Class 11AnjaliKaur3
Sustainable Economic Development is very important these days especially for countries like India. This PPT will be useful for the students preparing for their presentations, examinations and for the teachers to use it as a teaching aid.
How to achieve climate-smart agriculture and the potential triple-win that can be achieved from these practices such as adaptation, mitigation and increasing livelihoods.
Population and development are interlinked. It is not easy to distinguish cause and effect relationship between these two. However, they may reinforce each other and may provide some synergistic role.
Soil types of Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir has a diverse climate, with cold and dry weather in Ladakh, a humid weather and moist winters in the hilly regions of Jammu and Kashmir, and less moist winters and hot summers in the plains of Jammu. Diversity in climatic conditions of a region has an impact on the types of soil found in that region. Here’s a brief account of the types of soil found in Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh.
The soil type in Jammu and Kashmir is described as alluvial, which is majorly found in Kathua and Jammu. This soil is loamy with little clay content and has lime and magnesium in small quantities. The Kashmir valley, located in the temperate zone, also has alluvial soil that has high quantities of nitrogen and organic matter.
The soil in Leh and Kargil is primarily sandy or sandy loam, and has medium to medium-high levels of organic matter. This soil has less water-holding capacity.
The soils of Jammu and Kashmir can be broadly classified into the following groups:
Brown forest Soil: Mainly found in the Doda, Poonch, Baramulla, and Udhampur districts, this soil has the texture of silt loam to clay; it is moderately alkaline, has a water holding capacity of 40% and a good amount of carbon and nitrogen. Apples, cherries, safflower, and wheat can be cultivated in this type of soil.
Mountain Forest Soil: This soil is found in regions at lower altitudes. It has a sandy loam to loamy texture, has a water holding capacity in the range of 30% to 40%, and is slightly alkaline.
Mountain Meadow Soil: Found in Gulmarg, Sonamarg, and Pahalgam, this soil is alkaline and has high levels of organic carbon. It can hold 50% to 60% water; it is sandy loam to clay loam and fine to course in texture.
Red and Yellow Podzolic Soil: Found in Kathua, Rajouri, Udhampur, and Poonch, this soil is course and has a water-holding capacity of 40%.
Grey-brown Podzolic Soil: This soil is clay to loam in texture and slightly acidic. It is widely found in Gulmarg and Pahalgam.
Lithosol: This type of soil is found on the slopes of forest hills in Jammu, Udhampur, and Poonch. It can hold up to 38% water and 0.2% to 0.6 % organic carbon.
Saline Alkali Soil: It is found in the alluvial belt of Jammu and Kathua and some parts of Ladakh.
Alluvial Soil: This soil type is found on the plains of Kathua, Poonch and Udhampur, Sindh in Ladakh and on the flood plains of rivers such as Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi, and Sindh.
The rural folk and farmers in Kashmir recognize the different types of soil by local names.
Clayey soil is called Gurti, has a good water retaining capacity, and is found on the flood plains of Jhelum.
Loamy soil is known as Bahil, is good for agriculture and rich in humus, and is found on the right bank of Jhelum.
Sandy soil is called Sekil and is found in the Sind Valley.
Peaty soil, locally known as Nambal, is the soil found on the banks of River Jhelum and near the Manasbal and Anchar lakes. Mustard, pulses and fodder grow in this t
14 March 2016. Brussels. DevCo External Cooperation InfoPoint. An overview of the situation of food and nutrition security in the world today was presented. Special emphasis was given to the current situation of El Niño, current droughts in Africa South of the Sahara, and potential policies that need to be put in place in the future to minimize these and associated risks.
Introduction: Jean-Pierre Halkin, Head of Unit - DEVCO C1- Rural development, Food security, Nutrition
Presentation: Maximo Torrero, Director, Markets, Trade and Institutions Division, International Food Policy Research Institute
BLUE ECONOMY: TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE MARINE AND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT IN INDON...Sunoto Mes
The integration of economy, social, and environmental protection is necessity to promote sustainable marine and fisheries development, especially in archipelagic states like Indonesia. The Blue Economy principle that is primarily concerned with natures' efficiency, social inclusiveness, and environmental protection is mostly suitable to apply in promoting an integrated marine and fisheries development for the prosperity of not only the present but also future generation. The implementation of Blue Economy principles on marine and fisheries deals with 2 major approaches: 1) promoting blue economy models of businesses and 2) developing blue economy zones. The first approach refers to business and investment that promote multiple revenue, employment, and income generation while the second approach deals with integrating marine and fisheries macro policies and developing integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) and other related land-based economy activities. This concept is aimed to provide a new way of thinking as a challenge to businesses and investors as well as governments in dealing economic opportunity in marine and fisheries. This concept was also initiated to respond to global issues as the global warming and climate change and their impacts have become apparent in damaging the environment, including ocean and coastal. Appropriate and strategic actions need to be done by not only the government but also private sectors.
Sustainable Economic Development - Class 11AnjaliKaur3
Sustainable Economic Development is very important these days especially for countries like India. This PPT will be useful for the students preparing for their presentations, examinations and for the teachers to use it as a teaching aid.
How to achieve climate-smart agriculture and the potential triple-win that can be achieved from these practices such as adaptation, mitigation and increasing livelihoods.
Population and development are interlinked. It is not easy to distinguish cause and effect relationship between these two. However, they may reinforce each other and may provide some synergistic role.
Virtual Water Trade Networks and Sustainability of the Food SystemSamir Suweis
Talk given at the European geophysics Union Conference (EGU) in 2014 on my paper published in PNAS, Vol. 110 no. 11 4230-4233 (2013): Water Controlled Wealth of Nations.
Food and Agricultural Trade: Implications for Food SecurityDavid Laborde
Presentation given in Vienna, on April 6th 2010 during a World Bank Institute workshop for MENA experts.
I discuss the complex interactions between trade and food security.
Food sovereignty for food security: how protecting traditional knowledge and ...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was given on 8 September 2012 at the IUCN World Conservation Congress in Jeju, South Korea, during a session co-hosted by CIFOR titled ‘Managing wild species and systems for food security’.
Horizon Scan: ICT and the Future of Food and AgricultureEricsson
Research report from Ericsson and Imperial College London outlines some of the large-scale ICT interventions that will play a role in transforming global food and agriculture sector supply chains to ensure delivery of safe, sustainable and secure food supplies in a rapidly changing world.
Food Sovereignty for All: Overhauling the Food System with Faith-Based Initiatives - Handbook
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
This lecture explores food sovereignty and the right to food. It also looks at country foods and regulation by Health Canada of country foods. The impact of climate change on subsistence hunting and fishing and gathering for indigenous people in Canada.
Food systems, food security and environmental changeIIED
This is a presentation given by Dr John Ingram of Oxford University's Environmental Change Institute (ECI) to a Critical Theme organised by the International Institute for Environment and Development on 12 February 2015.
Dr Ingram leads the Environmental Change Institute's Food Systems Research and Training Programme, which aims to increase understanding of the interactions between food security and environmental change. The programme's research products have been adopted by national and international organisations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the UK and Dutch governments.
In his presentation, Ingram looked at food system activities and 'planetary boundaries' – the safe operating space for humanity with respect to the earth's biophysical systems. If these planetary boundaries are crossed, then important subsystems, such as a monsoon system, could shift into a new state. Such shifts could have damaging consequences, including undermining the environmental conditions and the natural resource base on which our food security depends.
IIED hosts Critical Themes meetings to explore new ideas, introduce new research and broaden the knowledge of its staff.
More details: bit.ly/1CkRJ9K.
To return the control of food to each local community is something essential to creating sustainable societies. Only installing this practice as habitual would change other systems a lot, amongst them the economy, soil regeneration & ecosystem & human health.
We explore the importance of food sovereignty & how it works in practice. Included in this class is an exploration in some detail in the various organic food-growing styles that can be used, in small & large scale, with examples of good practice in different areas of the planet.
Food sovereignty: Initiatives and lessons from IndiaAshish Kothari
In the wake of the chemicalisation and commercialisation of agriculture in India, there is a severe farmer and food crisis. Several farmer and civil society organisations, and some government initiatives, are trying new paradigms of sustainable, small-farmer agriculture that provide glimpses of food sovereignty and community self-sufficiency.
http://www.fao.org/save-food/info-resources/presentations/en/
Save Food presentation for primary school children: the purpose of this presentation is to educate the young students on the topic of food waste since this seems to be an issue in the school canteens. This approach also seems to be a cost-effective way of raising awareness.
The production and consumption of livestock products in developing countries:...ILRI
Presented by Nancy Johnson, Jimmy Smith, Mario Herrero, Shirley Tarawali, Susan MacMillan, and Delia Grace at the Farm Animal Integrated Research 2012 Conference, Washington DC, March 4–6, 2012
This presentation was used during CCAFS official side event at the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advica (SBSTA), Bonn, Germany. The topic at hand was on how agriculture could contribute to adaptation and mitigation.
‘Scenarios for Policy: Transforming Farming, Landscape and Food Systems for the 21st Century’ was a side event held at the Hunger for Action Conference: 2nd Global Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change. This session, coordinated by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) considered future policy options for the major transformative changes needed in farming, landscapes and food systems to make climate-smart agriculture a reality.
What stories will impact people and the planet in 2014? On 18 February 2014, Executive Vice President and Managing Director Manish Bapna offered his perspectives on the major global developments in economics, business, natural resources and sustainability in the coming year. The event was hosted by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Netherlands. Find out more at http://www.wri.org.
Perspectives on green climate technologies, focusing on biotechnology. Presented at the workshop "The road to Durban: workshop on technology transfer and climate change" on 14 November 2011 in \'De Balie\' in Amsterdam.
Food Insecurity & Opportunities in OIC CountriesDinarStandard
State of food security across the 57 member OIC countries; Key drivers of food crisis; A unique OIC-wide food and agriculture cluster approach that identifies opportunities for sustainable growth and investments.
Presented on Role of development policies in combating climate change issues in Indian Agriculture: A first order assessment of irrigation and fertilizer policies at International Conference of Agricultural Economists (ICAE) from 07-15 August 2015 at Milan, Italy.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Welcome to the first live UiPath Community Day Dubai! Join us for this unique occasion to meet our local and global UiPath Community and leaders. You will get a full view of the MEA region's automation landscape and the AI Powered automation technology capabilities of UiPath. Also, hosted by our local partners Marc Ellis, you will enjoy a half-day packed with industry insights and automation peers networking.
📕 Curious on our agenda? Wait no more!
10:00 Welcome note - UiPath Community in Dubai
Lovely Sinha, UiPath Community Chapter Leader, UiPath MVPx3, Hyper-automation Consultant, First Abu Dhabi Bank
10:20 A UiPath cross-region MEA overview
Ashraf El Zarka, VP and Managing Director MEA, UiPath
10:35: Customer Success Journey
Deepthi Deepak, Head of Intelligent Automation CoE, First Abu Dhabi Bank
11:15 The UiPath approach to GenAI with our three principles: improve accuracy, supercharge productivity, and automate more
Boris Krumrey, Global VP, Automation Innovation, UiPath
12:15 To discover how Marc Ellis leverages tech-driven solutions in recruitment and managed services.
Brendan Lingam, Director of Sales and Business Development, Marc Ellis
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Impact of globalization on water and food security
1. IFPRI
Theme 5
Globalization – What’s in it for
the Poor in Terms of Water and
Food Security?
EWRI, Anchorage
2005
INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
2. GLOBALIZATION, WATER & FOOD
IFPRI
Forces outside of the water
sector are changing water
management rapidly today
and into the future – they
include globalization, trade,
and climate change
Theme 5
3. OUTLINE
IFPRI
Changes in Global Water & Food Demand
Globalization - Food Security
The Role of Trade
• Example of Indonesia
• Virtual Water
• MFA
• International Agreements and FDI
Some Conclusions
Theme 5
4. IFPRI
CHANGE IN GLOBAL
WATER AND FOOD
DEMAND
Theme 5
5. CEREAL DEMAND 1995 and 2025
BASELINE
IFPRI
million metric tons 1995 2025
2,000 1,804
1,500
1,092
1,000 803
684
500
0
Developing countries Developed countries
Theme 5 Source: Rosegrant et al. 2002. World Water and Food to 2025: Dealing
with Scarcity
6. MEAT DEMAND 1995 and 2025
BASELINE
IFPRI
1995 2025
million metric tons
250 220.5
200
150 115.5
101.6 96.4
100
50
0
Developing countries Developed countries
Source: Rosegrant et al. 2002. World Water and Food to 2025: Dealing
Theme 5 with Scarcity
7. AQUACULTURE % IN FISH PRODUCTION
1997 AND INCREASE 1997-2020
IFPRI
Aqua-
culture Capture
31% 32%
Aqua-
Capture
culture
69%
68%
Fish production 1997 Increase in fish production,
1997-2020
Theme 5
8. INCREASE IN WATER CONSUMPTION
BETWEEN 1995 AND 2025
IFPRI
Developing Countries World
120
100
percentage change
80
60
40
20
0
Household Industrial Livestock Irrigation
Source:
Theme 5 Rosegrant et al. 2002. World Water and Food to 2025: Dealing
with Scarcity
9. IRRIGATED CEREAL HARVESTED
AREA, 1995 AND 2025
IFPRI
US
4%
Rest
Deving China
33% 29%
Rest India
Deved 18%
16%
From 213 Mio in 1995 ha to 237 Mio ha by 2025
Theme 5 Source: Rosegrant et al. 2002. World Water and Food to 2025: Dealing
with Scarcity
10. SHARE OF IRRIGATION AND RAINFED IN
CEREAL PRODUCTION INCREASE, 1995-2025
IFPRI
Irrigated Rainfed
Developed countries Developed countries
11% 20%
Irrigated Rainfed
Developing countries Developing countries
39% 30%
Source: Rosegrant et al. 2002. World Water and Food to 2025:
Theme 5 Dealing with Scarcity
11. ANNUAL CEREAL YIELD GROWTH
RATES, 1982-92, 1992-2002, 2002-2025
IFPRI
1982-1992 1992-2002 2002-2025
percent growth rate per year
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Developing Developed World
Countries Countries
Sources: FAOStat Agriculture 2004. Statistical database;
Rosegrant et al. 2002. World Water and Food to 2025:
Theme 5
Dealing with Scarcity
12. LOSS OF GRAIN PRODUCTION DUE TO WATER
SCARCITY, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
IFPRI
2025 2025
1995 Business as 2025 Sustainable
Usual Water Crisis Water Use
0
-100
million mt
-200
-300
-400
-500
Source: Rosegrant et al. 2002. World Water and Food to 2025: Dealing
Theme 5
with Scarcity
13. REGIONAL CEREAL NET TRADE,
1995 and 2025 BASELINE
IFPRI
million metric tons 1995 2025 S Asia India
(w/o
10 India) 4
WANA LAC China SSA SEA
0
-10 -6 -4
-10 -7
-20 -17
-20 -17 -19
-30 -21
-40 -35
-38
-50 -42
-60
-70
-80
-90 -83
Source: Rosegrant et al. 2002. World Water and Food to 2025:
Theme 5
Dealing with Scarcity
14. NUMBER OF MALNOURISHED CHILDREN
BY REGION, 1997 and 2025 BASELINE
IFPRI
million children 1997 2025
100
85
80
60
60
38
40 33
19 18
20 13
7 6 4 5 2
0
South Asia SSA South East China WANA Latin
Asia America
Source: Rosegrant et al. 2005. Looking Ahead: Long-Term
Theme 5
Prospects for Africa’s Food and Nutrition Security
16. GLOBALIZATION, INCREASING
INTERNATIONAL FLOWS IN…
IFPRI
Goods and services – water & food
Capital
Labor
Information
Technology
Disease-causing agents
Weapons, terrorism, war
Insecurity
Theme 5
17. FOOD SECURITY & THE POOR
IFPRI
Food security:
• National level - supply & trade
• HH level – access to food [requires (farm) income]
• Individual level – nutrition security, sufficient calories of
sufficient quality
Caloric availability has gone up 30% since 60s
No. malnourished children from 46% to 31% in
developing countries (from 1970 to 97)
Food prices ½ or less compared to 60s/70s
[bad for producers, good for consumer, majority]
Globalization played a major role [technology
transfer/information/trade] – picture less clear for
Theme 5 water security & the poor [ltd technology & inv]
18. FOOD SECURITY & THE POOR
IFPRI
Countries with worsening indicators
21 countries less calories and proteins
per capita than 1960s (26 less calories;
33 less proteins)
Number and incidence of malnourished children
up in SSA by 17 million
Number of hungry people still high, mostly in
SSA and South Asia
World not on path to achieving international
targets to reduce hunger [MDG – given up on
total eradication]
Theme 5
19. THE ROLE OF TRADE
IFPRI + INDONESIA EXAMPLE
Theme 5
20. TRADE SITUATION
IFPRI
World agriculture [crops/livestock] trade:
increase by a factor of 15 over 40 years [T&A:
30, Manufacturing: 55] from $32 billion in early
1960s to about $500 billion today
In fisheries, global supply shifts from developed
to developing countries. Developing country
exports rose 8%/yr 1976–2002, half of all fish
exports now originate from these countries
(~$60 billion)
Large FDI investments, f.ex. manufacturing
industries relying on water supplies [impact
water & food indirectly]; privatization of water
Theme 5 supplies
21. VALUE OF WORLD AGRICULTURAL
EXPORTS (crops & livestock)
IFPRI
1981-1990 1991-2000
500 476
400
310
US$ billion
300 273
200 166 161
112
100
0
primary processed total
Developing country share in processed declined
Theme 5
from 27% to 25% in these two periods
22. TRADE LIBERALIZATION INCLUDES
IFPRI
Reduction in trade barriers, including
tariffs and quotas
Reduction in output price protection and
input subsidies
Privatization of agricultural marketing
and trade
Increased reliance on markets rather
than planning and the public sector
… < 20% of food imported, but can help
… but high subsidies in OECD countries
Theme 5
23. SUPPORT TO AGRICULTURE
IFPRI
EUR Billions
400
343 347
350
Others Others
300 275
250 Others Japan Japan
200
Japan
USA USA
150
USA
100
50 EU EU
EU
0
1986-1988 1999-2001 2001
Theme 5
Source: OECD (2002)
24. PRODUCER SUPPORT AS A SHARE OF
TOTAL FARM RECEIPTS
IFPRI
Switzerland 69
Norway 67
Korea 64
Japan 59
EU 35
OECD 35
USA 21
Czech Republic 17
Hungary 12
Slovak Republic 11
Poland 10
Australia 4
New Zealand 1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Theme 5
Source: OECD (2002) Percent
25. ALTERNATIVE TRADE SCENARIOS
IFPRI
Trade Scenarios [DEDLIB, DINGLIB, FLIB]
model a removal vs. increase of wedges
(PSE and CSE) between domestic and
international prices for agricultural
commodities - Reductions are phased
between 2005 and 2006 – results 2020
Net benefits to producers + net benefits to
consumers + tax savings due to removal of
subsidies under the Full Trade
Liberalization Scenario, compared to the
Baseline Scenario
Theme 5
26. PRICES INCREASE AS A RESULT OF
REMOVING TRADE DISTORTIONS
IFPRI
DEDLIB DINGLIB FLIB
35 32
31
30
percent change in 2020
25
20
20 18 19
16
15 13 14 13
11
9
10 7 6
4
5 2
0
Milk Sugarcane Rice Maize Beef
Theme 5
27. EXAMPLE INDONESIA – IMPACT ON
CEREAL PRODUCTION & DEMAND
IFPRI
2020 cereal prod/cap 2020 cereal dem/cap
300
259 258 265
246 245
250 222 222 232 240
215 215 211
200
kg/cap
150
100
50
0
BASE DEDLIB DINGLIB FLIB IIPR ILIB
Theme 5
28. EXAMPLE INDONESIA – IMPACT ON NET
CEREAL IMPORTS
IFPRI
0
IIPR DEDLIB BASE FLIB DINGLIB ILIB
-2000
-2184
-4000
thousand metric tons
-6000
-6033 -6359
-8000
-10000
-12000 -11182 -11501
-14000
-14274
-16000
Theme 5
29. EXAMPLE INDONESIA – IMPACT ON No.
MALNOURISHED CHILDREN
IFPRI
5,800
5,565
5,600
thousand children
5,400 5,213 5,172
5,200
4,967 4,927
5,000
4,756
4,800
4,600
4,400
4,200
IIPR DEDLIB BASE FLIB DINGLIB ILIB
Theme 5
30. INDONESIA – FULL LIBERALIZATION
IFPRI
Under FLIB, direction & magnitude of responds
depends on degree of protection of farmers /
taxation of consumers compared to other
countries, and on the respective supply/demand
elasticities
In the case of Indonesia, full worldwide trade
liberalization does lead to a relative decline in
local production and a relative increase in
domestic demand, which shows that without
liberalization, the country is protecting local
farmers while hurting domestic consumers
Theme 5
31. FULL LIBERALIZATION - BENEFITS
IFPRI
Annual Economic Benefits 2025
(billion US dollars)
West Asia/ North Africa 1.9
Latin America 3.7
Sub-Saharan Africa 3.3
East Asia 3.0
South Asia 2.0
Southeast Asia 0.4
Developing Countries 14.4
Developed Countries 10.0
World 24.4
(2000GDP China 1080 Billion US$, India 457 Billion US$, Ag Value
Theme 5
added China 172 Billion US$, India 103 Billion US$[WDI 2002)
32. FULL LIBERALIZATION - BENEFITS
IFPRI Current trade distortions displace $40 billion of
developing country exports
If trade distortions were removed, estimates
range from 40 [Anderson] -500 [Cline] million
people [out of about 2500 million] being lifted out
of poverty within 15 years or so
Poverty would increase in some countries, but
decline in others [f.ex. Decline in poverty by
3.5% in Indonesia]
Trade alone is not sufficient to lift them out of
poverty
Theme 5 Comparative advantage argument -
34. TRADE IN VIRTUAL WATER
IFPRI
Virtual water = the amount of water used in the
production of agricultural commodities—and in
other sectors
Food importing countries indirectly purchase
water resources from exporting countries ,
thereby saving water they would have used
Global water savings occur when exporters are
more water efficient than importers
Global irrigation water savings occur when
exporters produce under rainfed conditions,
while importers would have used irrigation
otherwise
Theme 5
35. VIRTUAL WATER FLOWS (1995)
measured in crop ET, cereals
IFPRI
INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
EU (15) excluding intra-trade Source: DeFraiture et al. 2002
36. VIRTUAL WATER FLOWS (2025)
measured in crop ET, cereals
IFPRI
Theme 5
Source: DeFraiture et al. 2002
37. TRADE IN VIRTUAL WATER
IFPRI
In 1995, 7% of total crop evaporation and 5% of
irrigation water depletion was used to produce
cereal crops for export
In 2025 this will rise to 8% and 5%, respectively
Trade saves limited (irrigation) water: cereal
water use would only be 6% higher without
virtual water trade & ca. 20% of cereal trade
may be water related – thus water scarcity
currently plays a modest role in trade pattern -
expected to rise to 38% by 2025 for cereals
Instead other factors, like subsidies, and trade
arrangements determine trade outcomes
Theme 5
38. TRADE IN VIRTUAL WATER
IFPRI
Estimated Cereal ET total:
- 2622 km3 (1995)
- 2758 km3 (2025)
Savings due to trade:
- 190 km3 (1995)
- 355 km3 (2025)
Savings due to water productivity (IE)
improvement over the period 1995-2025:
- 1215 km3
Water productivity improvements are
more important than trade
Theme 5
Source: DeFraiture et al. 2002
40. BACKGROUND ON MFA
IFPRI
Established in 1974 to partially [~40%]
protect the textile and apparel industries of
developed countries from the low-cost
competition of T&A (textiles and apparel
[more]) from developing countries [originally
Japan] in the form of quantitative restrictions
Trade shifted to Asian NICs quota system,
production to India/China, Nepal/
Bangladesh /Mauritius [no concentration]
raised prices and depressed consumption
depressed fiber crop production (implicit tax
Theme 5
of 20% vs. manmade fibers)
41. OTHER IMPORTANT FACTORS
IFPRI
• High tariffs: 10-20% for textiles; 20-40% for clothing
(2nd after agriculture)
• Other trade arrangements matter (NAFTA, EU-EE,
Caribbean, etc.)
• NTB (labeling, customs regulations..)
• High income elasticity (~0.9), growth in domestic
consumption developing countries
• Few restrictions on cotton, share in fiber production
continues to decline
• Post-9/11 security measures, f.ex. C-TPAT
(Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism),
integration: China, India, Pakistan & USA
Theme 5
• Labor, raw materials, supply reliability
42. SHIFTS IN TEXTILE AND APPAREL TRADE
(in US$ billion)
IFPRI
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
USA
EU
HK
Japan
O Sasia
Mexico
Thailand 1992
Bangladesh 1997
O SEAsia
2002
Pakistan
Indonesia
Turkey
S Korea
Taiwan
Theme 5 India
China
43. IMPORTS DEPEND ON ESTABLISHED
RELATIONS AND PROXIMITY (in US$ billion)
IFPRI
EU USA
LAC EE
2001-02
FSU
1992-93 FSU 2001-02
Developed 1992-93
Africa & ME
Asian NICs S Asia
SE Asia SE Asia
S Asia Developed
China Asian NICs
EE China
Africa & ME LAC
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
Theme 5
44. IMPACT OF PHASING OUT OF MFA
ON … WATER AND FOOD
IFPRI
T&A production Water availability
cotton Cotton production
Change in Location
- competition with other crops
yarn Industrial water use / pollution
CI
- competition with other uses
fabric
LI Industrial water use
clothing - competition with other uses
Theme 5
45. END OF MFA - ROLE OF CHINA
IFPRI
Significant cotton producer (1) the YRB, incl.
Henan & Shandong (vs. soybean/corn); (2)
the Yangtze, incl. Jiangsu and Anhui (vs.
rice); and (3) the Northwest (Xinjiang) (vs.
corn);
With MFA phase-out: Global value of T&A
2.5% higher in 25 years; China: textile +9%,
apparel +16%
Global cotton production +3.5%, China +9%,
MENA +6%, US -1%
Cotton price +2%,
Theme 5
Source: MacDonald, Somwaru, Meyer, and Diao 2001.
46. THUS, END OF MFA
IFPRI
Greater concentration and vertical
integration – cotton China, India &
Pakistan – small impacts on food/water;
Largest impact through direct incomes in
T&A industries, thus indirectly on food and
water through lack of purchasing power
Theme 5
48. CONCLUSIONS
IFPRI
Forces outside of the water sector are
changing water management rapidly today
and into the future – they include
globalization, trade, and climate change
High subsidies to agriculture (& subsidies to
water infrastructure) bring inefficiencies into
trade, food production, and water use, thus
lead to wastage, and contribute to water
scarcity, poverty, and food insecurity
‘Unproductive’ subsidies should be invested
in ‘productive’ investments, such as
Theme 5
infrastructure and technologies, R&D
49. CONCLUSIONS
IFPRI
Water endowments currently have a
limited explanatory power for food and
other (indirect) water trade
Overall, trade, if not distorted, and
globalization will help the poor increasing
food and water availabilities
Need for complementary investment and
social policies for poverty alleviation and
food security
Theme 5
50. INVESTMENTS NEEDED IN
IFPRI
Additional water investment in developing
countries, public supply / wastewater, &
irrigation [including large dams]
Establish well-defined water rights, flexible
enough to allow trading
Design water pricing mechanisms to pay
irrigators to use less water
Eliminate power subsidies to groundwater
pumping
Invest in crop breeding for drought, heat, and
saline tolerance
Invest in research on water management,
Theme 5
including low tillage, rainwater harvesting