Abstract— A laboratory experiments were conducted during the year of 2012-2014 at Annamalai University of cuddalore district under irrigated conditions to formulate site –specific nutrient management and efficiency of treatments known by comparing with rice, sunflower and black gram seeds. And the treatments includes control, 10%, 5%, 2.5% and 1% vermicompost, 10%, 5%, 2.5% and 1% phosphobacteria, 10%, 5%, 2.5% and 1% azospirillum. And the above treatments are applied to all the three seeds ie, rice, sunflower, black gram. The numbers of seeds used for the experiment are 50 seeds of paddy, 20 seeds of black gram and 10 seeds of sunflower. Highest values for plant biomass root and shoot length was noticed in 10 % all the treatments.
Direct and Indirect Contributions of Yield Attributes to the Kernel Yield of ...IJRES Journal
Field trial was conducted in 1999 and 2000 at Samaru in the northern Guinea Savanna ecology of Nigeria to assess the reaction of 36 groundnut genotypes to Alectra vogelii (Benth). The research field was naturally infested with Alectra. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The path coefficient analysis of the yield attributes showed that number of pods plant-1 exhibited the highest percentage yield contribution of 41.46% to kernel yield. This was followed by 100 kernel weight which contributed 13.80%. The highest combined contribution of 6.23% came from 100 kernel weight and haulm yield. The residual contribution was 23, 24%.
Comparative study of chemical fungicides for the management of citrus gummosi...AI Publications
Field experiment was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mehsana, Gujarat to test the efficacy of various chemical treatments for the control of gummosis (Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica) of Citrus during the year 2017-2019. Ten -year-old acid lime (Kagzi lime) trees were treated with Bordeaux paste and fosetyl Al. Bordeaux paste application and fosetyl Al significantly reduced gummosis incidence. It can be concluded that for effective control of gummosis, citrus trees may be treated with Bordeaux paste on the main trunk or foliar spray of fosetyl Al gave average 33.33 % and 30.00 % disease index, respectively during the three-year experiments.
Effect of Different Weed Control Practices On Proximate Composition, Nutrient...IOSRJAVS
A field experiment was conducted during 2004 and 2005 cropping seasons to determine effect of different weed control practices on proximate composition, nutrient concentration and nutrient uptake of maize (Zea maysL.) at the Teaching and Research Farm of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria. Seven treatments were used for the experiment, viz no weeding (control), Primextra (3.0kg a.i./ha), mulching (wood shavings), one- hoe weeding at 3 weeks after planting (WAP), two hoe- weedings at 3 and 7 WAP, cover cropping with melon minus hoe-weeding, cover-cropping with melon plus one hoe-weeding at 3WAP. The seven treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Results showed that mulched plot with wood shavings had the lowest weed density and highest proximate composition, grain nutrient concentration, ear leaf concentration and nutrient uptake followed by Primextra treated plot .The study recommends that small holder farmers to adopt mulching technique with wood shaving to improve the nutritional quality of maize grain since it does not involve any technical rigor besides signifying a non-chemical weed control.
Assessment of forage corn quality intercropping with green beans under influe...Innspub Net
To assess the quality of forage corn intercropping with green beans under the influence of Rhizobium bacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungus, make a test in educational-research farm of agriculture faulty of Azna PNU that it was design in factorial to randomized complete block with three replications. The experimental factors include cropping systems such as mono cropping of corn, mono cropping of green beans, intercropping, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungus (use and non-use) and Rhizobium bacteria (use and non-use). The results showed that cropping systems on crude protein, wet forage weight, dry forage weight were significant at 1% level as well as leaf to stem ratio was significant at 5% level. Between different levels of bacteria used, acid detergent fiber was impressed and was significant at 5% level. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungus was significant at 5% level on water soluble carbohydrate. The results showed that the use of separate and combined of Rhizobium bacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungus increase the quality of corn in intercropping than mono cropping. Finally with increasing of plant diversity and microorganism in soil increased the quality and quantity of forage. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-5-may-2015-jbes/
Estimation of genetic parameters and gene actions of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor...Innspub Net
A study of sorghum tolerance to low P condition was conducted in two experiments : (1) in nutrient solution and
(2) in acid soil. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the genetic variability and heritability of agronomic characters that could be used as selection criteria in low P condition and to obtain information on gene action that controlled agronomic characters of sorghum.The plant materials used in this experiment were F2 segregating population derived from the cross between B69 and Numbu. The first experiment was conducted in the green house of Bogor Agricultural University. B69, Numbu and F2 population were grown hidroponically for 14 days. Composition of the nutrient solution used in the experiment followed the method suggested by Ohki with modification of P concentration. P is given in the form of KH2PO4: 0.001 mM. The results showed that shoot dry weight (SDW) and total dry weight (TDW) had high estimate of heritability and moderate genotypic
coefficient of variance (GCV), thus these characters can be used for criteria selection for low P tolerance at seedling stage. The significant value of skweness from the distribution shoot dry weight in F2 segregants, indicate the presence of complementary epistasis gene action, whereas normal distribution of total dry weight showed additive gene action. The second experiment was conducted in acid soils of Bogor District Experimental Field Tenjo, Bogor. The results showed that stem diameter, panicle weight and grain yield per plant had high heritability and wide GCV value, indicating these characters can be used as the selection criteria in selecting
sorghum genotypes for low P tolerance in acid soil. Based on the skewness values, all of the agronomy characters
observed in this study were influenced by additive gene action. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-3-september-2015-ijaar/
2 ijhaf nov-2017-4-effect of organic productsAI Publications
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different organic products on wheat variety Amber during Rabi 2015-16 in Randomized Block Design at ASPEE Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, Tansa Farm, Nare, Taluka Wada, Dist Palghar, Maharashtra. The study comprised sixteen different treatments of organic products viz. FYM @ 10 t ha-1, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1, FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1, Noval fertilizer @ 1%, Vermiwash @ 2%, Panchgavya @ 2%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Noval fertilizer @ 1%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Vermiwash @ 2%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Panchgavya @ 2%, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Noval fertilizer @ 1%, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Vermiwash @ 2%, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Panchgavya @ 2%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + vermicompost@2.5 t ha-1+Noval fertilizer@ 1%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + Vermiwash @ 2%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + Panchgavya @ 2% and 100% RDF @ 120:60:40 NPK kg ha-1. Wheat was sown at row spacing 20 cm X 5 cm on flat beds. The results showed that the treatments of FYM @ 10 t ha-1 along with vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and spray with Noval fertilizer @ 1% at 30 and 60 days after sowingrecorded highest seed yield of2100 kg ha-1 followed by FYM @ 10 t ha-1 with vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and Panchgavya @ 2% (2049 kg ha-1). The same treatment proved its superiority in increasing all yield attributing factors along with grain yield of wheat indicating the most effective organic treatment for wheat under North Konkan Coastal Zone of Maharashtra.
Direct and Indirect Contributions of Yield Attributes to the Kernel Yield of ...IJRES Journal
Field trial was conducted in 1999 and 2000 at Samaru in the northern Guinea Savanna ecology of Nigeria to assess the reaction of 36 groundnut genotypes to Alectra vogelii (Benth). The research field was naturally infested with Alectra. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The path coefficient analysis of the yield attributes showed that number of pods plant-1 exhibited the highest percentage yield contribution of 41.46% to kernel yield. This was followed by 100 kernel weight which contributed 13.80%. The highest combined contribution of 6.23% came from 100 kernel weight and haulm yield. The residual contribution was 23, 24%.
Comparative study of chemical fungicides for the management of citrus gummosi...AI Publications
Field experiment was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mehsana, Gujarat to test the efficacy of various chemical treatments for the control of gummosis (Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica) of Citrus during the year 2017-2019. Ten -year-old acid lime (Kagzi lime) trees were treated with Bordeaux paste and fosetyl Al. Bordeaux paste application and fosetyl Al significantly reduced gummosis incidence. It can be concluded that for effective control of gummosis, citrus trees may be treated with Bordeaux paste on the main trunk or foliar spray of fosetyl Al gave average 33.33 % and 30.00 % disease index, respectively during the three-year experiments.
Effect of Different Weed Control Practices On Proximate Composition, Nutrient...IOSRJAVS
A field experiment was conducted during 2004 and 2005 cropping seasons to determine effect of different weed control practices on proximate composition, nutrient concentration and nutrient uptake of maize (Zea maysL.) at the Teaching and Research Farm of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria. Seven treatments were used for the experiment, viz no weeding (control), Primextra (3.0kg a.i./ha), mulching (wood shavings), one- hoe weeding at 3 weeks after planting (WAP), two hoe- weedings at 3 and 7 WAP, cover cropping with melon minus hoe-weeding, cover-cropping with melon plus one hoe-weeding at 3WAP. The seven treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Results showed that mulched plot with wood shavings had the lowest weed density and highest proximate composition, grain nutrient concentration, ear leaf concentration and nutrient uptake followed by Primextra treated plot .The study recommends that small holder farmers to adopt mulching technique with wood shaving to improve the nutritional quality of maize grain since it does not involve any technical rigor besides signifying a non-chemical weed control.
Assessment of forage corn quality intercropping with green beans under influe...Innspub Net
To assess the quality of forage corn intercropping with green beans under the influence of Rhizobium bacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungus, make a test in educational-research farm of agriculture faulty of Azna PNU that it was design in factorial to randomized complete block with three replications. The experimental factors include cropping systems such as mono cropping of corn, mono cropping of green beans, intercropping, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungus (use and non-use) and Rhizobium bacteria (use and non-use). The results showed that cropping systems on crude protein, wet forage weight, dry forage weight were significant at 1% level as well as leaf to stem ratio was significant at 5% level. Between different levels of bacteria used, acid detergent fiber was impressed and was significant at 5% level. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungus was significant at 5% level on water soluble carbohydrate. The results showed that the use of separate and combined of Rhizobium bacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungus increase the quality of corn in intercropping than mono cropping. Finally with increasing of plant diversity and microorganism in soil increased the quality and quantity of forage. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-5-may-2015-jbes/
Estimation of genetic parameters and gene actions of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor...Innspub Net
A study of sorghum tolerance to low P condition was conducted in two experiments : (1) in nutrient solution and
(2) in acid soil. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the genetic variability and heritability of agronomic characters that could be used as selection criteria in low P condition and to obtain information on gene action that controlled agronomic characters of sorghum.The plant materials used in this experiment were F2 segregating population derived from the cross between B69 and Numbu. The first experiment was conducted in the green house of Bogor Agricultural University. B69, Numbu and F2 population were grown hidroponically for 14 days. Composition of the nutrient solution used in the experiment followed the method suggested by Ohki with modification of P concentration. P is given in the form of KH2PO4: 0.001 mM. The results showed that shoot dry weight (SDW) and total dry weight (TDW) had high estimate of heritability and moderate genotypic
coefficient of variance (GCV), thus these characters can be used for criteria selection for low P tolerance at seedling stage. The significant value of skweness from the distribution shoot dry weight in F2 segregants, indicate the presence of complementary epistasis gene action, whereas normal distribution of total dry weight showed additive gene action. The second experiment was conducted in acid soils of Bogor District Experimental Field Tenjo, Bogor. The results showed that stem diameter, panicle weight and grain yield per plant had high heritability and wide GCV value, indicating these characters can be used as the selection criteria in selecting
sorghum genotypes for low P tolerance in acid soil. Based on the skewness values, all of the agronomy characters
observed in this study were influenced by additive gene action. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-3-september-2015-ijaar/
2 ijhaf nov-2017-4-effect of organic productsAI Publications
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different organic products on wheat variety Amber during Rabi 2015-16 in Randomized Block Design at ASPEE Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, Tansa Farm, Nare, Taluka Wada, Dist Palghar, Maharashtra. The study comprised sixteen different treatments of organic products viz. FYM @ 10 t ha-1, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1, FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1, Noval fertilizer @ 1%, Vermiwash @ 2%, Panchgavya @ 2%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Noval fertilizer @ 1%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Vermiwash @ 2%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Panchgavya @ 2%, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Noval fertilizer @ 1%, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Vermiwash @ 2%, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Panchgavya @ 2%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + vermicompost@2.5 t ha-1+Noval fertilizer@ 1%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + Vermiwash @ 2%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + Panchgavya @ 2% and 100% RDF @ 120:60:40 NPK kg ha-1. Wheat was sown at row spacing 20 cm X 5 cm on flat beds. The results showed that the treatments of FYM @ 10 t ha-1 along with vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and spray with Noval fertilizer @ 1% at 30 and 60 days after sowingrecorded highest seed yield of2100 kg ha-1 followed by FYM @ 10 t ha-1 with vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and Panchgavya @ 2% (2049 kg ha-1). The same treatment proved its superiority in increasing all yield attributing factors along with grain yield of wheat indicating the most effective organic treatment for wheat under North Konkan Coastal Zone of Maharashtra.
The present study was carried on Abelmoschus esculentus (A. esculentus) by using the vermicompost. The decoction tea powder is wasted wet garbage and discarded on the dumping ground. It generally creates environmental pollution. This wet garbage can used as a good source of nutrients to the vegetable crop plants. The research is carried out by preparing vermicompost using 75% decoction tea powder and 25% mixture of black soil, cow dung, leaf litter and little vermicompost. The compost prepared by using decoction tea powder has increased concentration of necessary nutrients such as pH, minerals, organic carbon (O.C.), total phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium required for vegetable crop plants for its development. In present investigation by applying this compost, Electrical conductivity was decreased by 9.51%, O.C. 89.30%, total phosphorus 26.09%, potassium 1.0%, Mg and Na by 43.17% shows a significant increase in absorption. It is also observed that germination period decreases whereas height of stem, leaf area, flowering and fruits were developed earlier than control soil. Key-words- Decoction tea powder, Vermicompost, A. esculentus, Green revolution, Biological resistance
Influence of phosphorous acid application on the accumulation of total phenol...Innspub Net
One mechanism used by coconut plant to protect itself against Phytophthorakatsurae is linked to total
polyphenols production. This study aimed to investigate the impact of phosphorous acid plant treatment on the
production of total polyphenols in coconuthusk, as part of chemical control.The study was conducted on two
coconuts cultivars (EGD and PB 121+) with four doses of phosphorous acid [Control, 2.8 g (TA), 5.6 g (TB), 11.2 g
(TC)]. At each sampling, the husks were processed and extracts were prepared for total polyphenols assays. There
was significant difference between EGD and PB 121+ total polyphenols production (p<0.001).The interaction
between coconut variety and phosphorous acid doses was also significant.The interaction EGD and TC had the
highest total polyphenols accumulation of 4838.5 µg/g of fresh weight (FW). For PB121+, the highest total polyphenols accumulation of 6433.71 µg/g FW was obtained from the interaction between PB121+ and T0. From this observation, it could be statedthat phosphorous acid only triggers the treated plantdefense mechanisms to produce total phenolic compounds when attacked by a pathogen. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-3-september-2015-ijaar/
Effect of biochar on maize yield and yield components in rainfed conditions |...Innspub Net
To investigate the maize yield and nutrient concentration in its leaves as affected by biochar from different organic materials (wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse), a field experiment was conducted on maize crop during 2013 at koont research farm chakwal. The treatments were control, wheat straw biochar at 5t ha-1, and 10t ha-1, sugarcane bagasse biochar at 5t ha-1and 10t ha-1. The experiment was conducted in RCBD. Maize was grown in 4m × 6m sized plots. Soil samples were taken before sowing of crop for determination of soil pH, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon and texture. The plant parameters were grain yield, plant biomass, macro nutrients and micro nutrients. Wheat straw biochar 10 t/ha showed an increase of 16.1% N, 38.8% P, 33% K, 28.9% biomass and 20.8% grain yield. Sugarcane bagasse biochar at a rate of 10 t/ha showed significant increase of 14.9% N, 27.7% P, 30% K, 27.6% biomass and 22.1% grain yield. None of the biochar treatment showed any significant increase in micronutrient concentration in the plant.
Bryophyte Flora of Kalikasan Park, Albay, Philippines | JBESInnspub Net
Bryophytes are nonvascular plants that have ecological and medicinal value. The present study assessed the diversity and ecological status of bryophytes flora in Kalikasan Park, Albay. Sampling plots were established based on the dominant vegetation types in the Park. Collections were made in 20 x 20m in the sampling plots. A total of eight species (8) with five (5) mosses and three (3) species of liverworts were collected in all sampling areas. Microhabitats observed in the study were decayed woods, tree trunks, wet rocks and moist soils. A high index value (2.29) with evenness index of 0.996 was observed in the study area with trees having a much higher index compared to bryophytes found in fern plots. From the species, two (2) species were found to be possibly endangered with one (1) possibly near threatened of IUCN status. Also, three bryophytes found in the area were known to have medicinal value. To date, this is the first record of bryophyte flora in Kalikasan Park.
Effect of spawned and simple casing on the biological efficiency of pink oyster mushroom Pleurotus eous was observed. The results exhibit that spawned casing not only takes lesser time for case run but also produces early primordial development. A positive response on mushroom biomass is also noticed in this technique.
Statistical Optimization of Keratinase Production from Marine FungusIJERA Editor
To improve the yield of keratinase from marine fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, different medium constituents were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The strain produced 24.8U/mL and 36.4U/mL of keratinase activity in conventional method of optimization with glucose and soya bean meal as carbon and nitrogen sources. Response surface methodology which was applied to optimize concentrations of glucose, soya bean meal, feather powder and inoculum level, improved the productivity to 225.0U/mL. This value represents 6.18 fold increases in productivity as compared to conventional methods. Optimal parameters of the cultivation process were determined as glucose 1.52g/L, soya bean meal-1.08g/L, feather powder-1.04g/L and inoculum level-10.6%.
Changes in Selected Soil Physical Properties and Maize Yields as Affected by ...IJEAB
The study was conducted at Abakaliki to determine the changes in selected soil physical properties and maize yields as affected by animal wastes application in Abakaliki southeastern Nigeria in 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four treatment replicated five times. The treatments were poultry droppings at 5 tha-1 (PD), cow dung at 5 tha-1 (CD), mixture of PD + CD at 5 tha-1 and control (C) – non application of amendment. Bulk density, total porosity, moisture content, aggregate stability and mean weight diameter were determine in the laboratory using appropriate procedure while plant height, leaf area index and grain yield were also, measured in the field using recommended methods. The results showed positive changes in selected soil physical properties and maize yield in the two cropping seasons with the application of animal wastes. Also, improvement in soil physical properties and maize yields were higher in the second cropping season when compared to the first cropping season. Poultry dropping is recommended for farmers to use as fertilizer in maize production because plots treated with poultry droppings recorded the highest maize grain yield in the two cropping season than other treatments.
Seasonal Dynamics of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Glomalin and Soil Properti...ijtsrd
To understand the ecological significance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) associations in agroecosysytem, the host specific and seasonal dynamics of AMF and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) was investigated in agricultural fields of Nanded, Maharashtra State. Soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of eight crop plants (Glycine max (L.) Merr., Saccharum officinarum L., Zea mays L., Cajanas cajan (L.) Millsp., Gossypium arboreum L., Triticum aestivum L., Sorghum vulgare Pers. and Cicer arietinum L.) in winter, summer and monsoon seasons respectively. Arbuscular mycorrhizal root infection and spore density of AMF peaked in monsoon and winter.The mean contents of total glomalin related soil proteins (T-GRSP) reached maximal values in summer. Spore density was highest in Zea mays L. Easily extractable glomalin related (EE-GRSP) and T-GRSP fractions were the highest in the rhizosphere of Cicer arietinum L. and Sorghum vulgare Pers. AMF root colonization and spore density was negatively correlated with K (P < 0.05; P < 0.01). T-GRSP fraction was positively correlated with edaphic factors (rhizosphere temperature, K and Fe content of soil) and negatively correlated with soil moisture (P < 0.01), AMF root colonization (P < 0.05) and spore density (P http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/ecology/15727/seasonal-dynamics-of-arbuscular-mycorrhizal-fungi-glomalin-and-soil-properties-in-agroecosystems-of-nanded-district/ujwala-sheshrao-deepake
Dynamics of Phalaris minor in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different es...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2013-2014 at crop research centre Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) to examine the behaviour and magnitude of Phalaris minor and its dynamics in different combinations of establishment methods and weed control measures in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Density of Phalaris minor was highest under RTW as compared to CTW and ZTW at 60, 90 DAS and also at maturity stage. Ready mix of clodinafop-propargyl + MSM @ 64 g/ha and clodinafop-propargyl @ 60 g/ha completely controlled Phalaris minor. Dry matter accumulation by Phalaris minor was highest under RTW which was at par with CTW but significantly higher over ZTW at 30, 90 DAS and at maturity.
Seed yield, some yield components and morphological traits of wheat as affect...Innspub Net
This study investigated the effects of Azotobacter chrocooccum strain 5, Pseudomonas fluorescens 187, and their interactions on wheat performance. The experimental design was split plot factorial with a complete randomized block design. The treatments included four chemical fertilizers (0, 50, 75 and 100% dose fertilizers) and four levels of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Azotobacter chrocooccum strain 5, Pseudomonas fluorescens 187, mixture of these bacteria, and control). At time of physiological maturity, number of spikes per unit area,
number of spikelet and grain number per spike, thousand grain weigh, grain yield, harvest index, biological yield, plant height, stem diameter and protein content were measured. Resulted indicated that the combined application of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas increased grain yield, harvest index, biological yield and protein content by 34.3, 7.7, 12.5 and 13.6%, respectively compared to the controls. Azotobacter and Pseudomonas inoculation plus fertilization reduced chemical fertilizers application (25-50 %) in the field. Results of this study
suggest that farmer can obtained the same wheat yield if they apply half of conventional consumption of chemical fertilizers along with Azotobacter and Pseudomonas.
Evaluation of various Synthetic Insecticides against Thrips (Thrips tabaci) i...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Cotton (Gossypium spp.) popularly known as ‘white gold’ is one of the most ancient important cash crop of India. Apart from its value as fibre, it has great potential to be used as edible oil, food for animals and other by products like particle board and boxes. The development of Bt cotton containing a genetically introgresses endotoxin gene from the gram negative soil bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis Hubner) represents a significant technological land mark in the global cotton research. Thrips is a major sucking pest on cotton crop, causing quantitative and qualitative losses to cotton. An experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Station, Sri Ganganagar in Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments including control and replicated three times, to evaluate various insecticides against thrips in Bt cotton. The study revealed that maximum reduction (56.00%) in thrips population was recorded with the treatment of Acephate 75% SP, followed by Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (49.66%). Both the treatments were at par and significantly superior over the other treatments. The phytotoxic effect on crop could not be observed during the experimental period.
RESIDUAL ESTIMATION OF ISOPROTURON, ATRAZINE AND GRAIN PROTECTANTS IN STORED ...ijabjournal
This study was carried out to see the occurrence and level of pesticide residues in stored wheat grain samples. Wheat grains were collected from different godowns located in Faisalabad district. Weedicide residues in wheat grains were analyzed by using thin plate liquid chromatography and validated high
performance liquid chromatography. On the basis of extent of inhibition of the Hill reaction, it was found that the level of atrazine was (0-0.028 ngkg-1) and the level of isopproturon was (0-0.024 ngkg-1) in test samples. The calculated values were below the Maximum Residue Limit (MEL) i.e. 100 ngkg-1 for atrazine and 2200 ngkg-1 for isoproturon. It was found that presence of herbicide residues in stored wheat was negligible. Further, on wheat grain samples placed in jars and treated with deltamethrin and cypermethrin @0.4 and 0.8% concentration. The persistency data was calculated after 1 hour, 7, 15 and 30 days of treatment. The grain protectants were continuously degraded with the passage of time and after the 30 days
the amount of residues of the grain protectants was found to be very small. It was concluded that the use of the grain protectants in the powder form in combination with other botanicals on stored wheat samples is feasible to reduce the insect pest in stored grains.
The ethanol extracts of Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica charantia, Anacardium
occidentals and Psidium guajava were evaluated sole and in treatment combinations at 25, 50 and
75mg ml-1 concentration levels against the mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina of
Cowpea. The pathogen was cultured on plates containing botanicals amended Potato Dextrose
Agar (PDA) in three replicates while only ethanol treated PDA tested plates served the control
experiment. The radial growths were recorded at 4th, 6th and 8th day after inoculation. Data
obtained were analysed using the SAS software program version 9.2. The extract of Mormordica
charantia was the most effective in the botanical treatments alone. The most significant inhibition
of Macrophomina phaseolina were observed from the combined treatments of Ficus asperifolia,
Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals (3.11 cm), followed by Mormordica
charantia and Psidium guajava (3.29 cm), then combination of four extracts; Ficus asperifolia,
Mormordica charantia, Anacardium occidentals and Psidium guajava (3.53 cm), then
Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals (3.84 cm). Other treatments, either alone or in
combination produced significant result compared to the control experiment (6.94 cm). However,
the efficacy of botanicals increased with concentration and also significantly correlated with time
and reduction in mycelia extension of the pathogen. More so, variability in the antifungicidal
potentials of the botanicals on Macrophomina phaseolina ranges from 15.93% to 34.06%
according to Eigen proportions. The treatment combinations of; Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica
charantia and Anacardium occidentals at 75mg ml-1 concentration level produced the most
inhibitory effect against Macrophomina phaseolina in vitro. However, the untreated plates did not
show inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of the pathogen. Therefore, combined treatments of
botanicals could be a potential source in the practice of plant disease control.
STUDY OF FUNGAL, BACTERIAL AND ACTINOMYCETES POPULATION IN TENDU LEAF LITTER ...Dr Dama
STUDY OF FUNGAL, BACTERIAL AND ACTINOMYCETES POPULATION IN TENDU LEAF LITTER VERMICOMPOST IN COMPARISON WITH PRESS MUDCAKE.
Mushan L.C*. Rao K.R.**, Shagalolu V.V*. and Dama L.B*@.
Effect of Different Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmosc...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The experiment was carried out at Nepal Polytechnic Institute field, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal to study the effect of different nutrient sources on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L Monech). Five different treatments; poultry manure, FYM, goat manure, chemical (as per N equivalent) and no fertilizer (control) were replicated four times. The experiment was arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD). The okra variety ArkaAnamika was used for experiment. The data were collected on the growth and yield parameters including plant height (cm), canopy (cm), numbers of leaves per plant, numbers of branches per plant, fruit length, diameter and yield. Results indicated that different nutrient sources had significant (P<0.05) affected on plant height, canopy, leaf number, branches and also in yield parameters. Based on the findings of the experiments, it can be concluded that application of poultry manure significantly increased the growth and yield performances on Abelmoschus esculentus L. Monech (okra) compared to other types of fertilizers. As the study reflected the use of no fertilizer results in the lowest vegetative growth and yield performances which indicates to use some nutrient sources for better growth and production of okra.
International Journal of Advances in Biology (IJAB)ijcsity
International Journal of Advances in Biology (IJAB) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Biology. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Biological sciences and applications.
The present study was carried on Abelmoschus esculentus (A. esculentus) by using the vermicompost. The decoction tea powder is wasted wet garbage and discarded on the dumping ground. It generally creates environmental pollution. This wet garbage can used as a good source of nutrients to the vegetable crop plants. The research is carried out by preparing vermicompost using 75% decoction tea powder and 25% mixture of black soil, cow dung, leaf litter and little vermicompost. The compost prepared by using decoction tea powder has increased concentration of necessary nutrients such as pH, minerals, organic carbon (O.C.), total phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium required for vegetable crop plants for its development. In present investigation by applying this compost, Electrical conductivity was decreased by 9.51%, O.C. 89.30%, total phosphorus 26.09%, potassium 1.0%, Mg and Na by 43.17% shows a significant increase in absorption. It is also observed that germination period decreases whereas height of stem, leaf area, flowering and fruits were developed earlier than control soil. Key-words- Decoction tea powder, Vermicompost, A. esculentus, Green revolution, Biological resistance
Influence of phosphorous acid application on the accumulation of total phenol...Innspub Net
One mechanism used by coconut plant to protect itself against Phytophthorakatsurae is linked to total
polyphenols production. This study aimed to investigate the impact of phosphorous acid plant treatment on the
production of total polyphenols in coconuthusk, as part of chemical control.The study was conducted on two
coconuts cultivars (EGD and PB 121+) with four doses of phosphorous acid [Control, 2.8 g (TA), 5.6 g (TB), 11.2 g
(TC)]. At each sampling, the husks were processed and extracts were prepared for total polyphenols assays. There
was significant difference between EGD and PB 121+ total polyphenols production (p<0.001).The interaction
between coconut variety and phosphorous acid doses was also significant.The interaction EGD and TC had the
highest total polyphenols accumulation of 4838.5 µg/g of fresh weight (FW). For PB121+, the highest total polyphenols accumulation of 6433.71 µg/g FW was obtained from the interaction between PB121+ and T0. From this observation, it could be statedthat phosphorous acid only triggers the treated plantdefense mechanisms to produce total phenolic compounds when attacked by a pathogen. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-3-september-2015-ijaar/
Effect of biochar on maize yield and yield components in rainfed conditions |...Innspub Net
To investigate the maize yield and nutrient concentration in its leaves as affected by biochar from different organic materials (wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse), a field experiment was conducted on maize crop during 2013 at koont research farm chakwal. The treatments were control, wheat straw biochar at 5t ha-1, and 10t ha-1, sugarcane bagasse biochar at 5t ha-1and 10t ha-1. The experiment was conducted in RCBD. Maize was grown in 4m × 6m sized plots. Soil samples were taken before sowing of crop for determination of soil pH, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon and texture. The plant parameters were grain yield, plant biomass, macro nutrients and micro nutrients. Wheat straw biochar 10 t/ha showed an increase of 16.1% N, 38.8% P, 33% K, 28.9% biomass and 20.8% grain yield. Sugarcane bagasse biochar at a rate of 10 t/ha showed significant increase of 14.9% N, 27.7% P, 30% K, 27.6% biomass and 22.1% grain yield. None of the biochar treatment showed any significant increase in micronutrient concentration in the plant.
Bryophyte Flora of Kalikasan Park, Albay, Philippines | JBESInnspub Net
Bryophytes are nonvascular plants that have ecological and medicinal value. The present study assessed the diversity and ecological status of bryophytes flora in Kalikasan Park, Albay. Sampling plots were established based on the dominant vegetation types in the Park. Collections were made in 20 x 20m in the sampling plots. A total of eight species (8) with five (5) mosses and three (3) species of liverworts were collected in all sampling areas. Microhabitats observed in the study were decayed woods, tree trunks, wet rocks and moist soils. A high index value (2.29) with evenness index of 0.996 was observed in the study area with trees having a much higher index compared to bryophytes found in fern plots. From the species, two (2) species were found to be possibly endangered with one (1) possibly near threatened of IUCN status. Also, three bryophytes found in the area were known to have medicinal value. To date, this is the first record of bryophyte flora in Kalikasan Park.
Effect of spawned and simple casing on the biological efficiency of pink oyster mushroom Pleurotus eous was observed. The results exhibit that spawned casing not only takes lesser time for case run but also produces early primordial development. A positive response on mushroom biomass is also noticed in this technique.
Statistical Optimization of Keratinase Production from Marine FungusIJERA Editor
To improve the yield of keratinase from marine fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, different medium constituents were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The strain produced 24.8U/mL and 36.4U/mL of keratinase activity in conventional method of optimization with glucose and soya bean meal as carbon and nitrogen sources. Response surface methodology which was applied to optimize concentrations of glucose, soya bean meal, feather powder and inoculum level, improved the productivity to 225.0U/mL. This value represents 6.18 fold increases in productivity as compared to conventional methods. Optimal parameters of the cultivation process were determined as glucose 1.52g/L, soya bean meal-1.08g/L, feather powder-1.04g/L and inoculum level-10.6%.
Changes in Selected Soil Physical Properties and Maize Yields as Affected by ...IJEAB
The study was conducted at Abakaliki to determine the changes in selected soil physical properties and maize yields as affected by animal wastes application in Abakaliki southeastern Nigeria in 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four treatment replicated five times. The treatments were poultry droppings at 5 tha-1 (PD), cow dung at 5 tha-1 (CD), mixture of PD + CD at 5 tha-1 and control (C) – non application of amendment. Bulk density, total porosity, moisture content, aggregate stability and mean weight diameter were determine in the laboratory using appropriate procedure while plant height, leaf area index and grain yield were also, measured in the field using recommended methods. The results showed positive changes in selected soil physical properties and maize yield in the two cropping seasons with the application of animal wastes. Also, improvement in soil physical properties and maize yields were higher in the second cropping season when compared to the first cropping season. Poultry dropping is recommended for farmers to use as fertilizer in maize production because plots treated with poultry droppings recorded the highest maize grain yield in the two cropping season than other treatments.
Seasonal Dynamics of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Glomalin and Soil Properti...ijtsrd
To understand the ecological significance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) associations in agroecosysytem, the host specific and seasonal dynamics of AMF and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) was investigated in agricultural fields of Nanded, Maharashtra State. Soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of eight crop plants (Glycine max (L.) Merr., Saccharum officinarum L., Zea mays L., Cajanas cajan (L.) Millsp., Gossypium arboreum L., Triticum aestivum L., Sorghum vulgare Pers. and Cicer arietinum L.) in winter, summer and monsoon seasons respectively. Arbuscular mycorrhizal root infection and spore density of AMF peaked in monsoon and winter.The mean contents of total glomalin related soil proteins (T-GRSP) reached maximal values in summer. Spore density was highest in Zea mays L. Easily extractable glomalin related (EE-GRSP) and T-GRSP fractions were the highest in the rhizosphere of Cicer arietinum L. and Sorghum vulgare Pers. AMF root colonization and spore density was negatively correlated with K (P < 0.05; P < 0.01). T-GRSP fraction was positively correlated with edaphic factors (rhizosphere temperature, K and Fe content of soil) and negatively correlated with soil moisture (P < 0.01), AMF root colonization (P < 0.05) and spore density (P http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/ecology/15727/seasonal-dynamics-of-arbuscular-mycorrhizal-fungi-glomalin-and-soil-properties-in-agroecosystems-of-nanded-district/ujwala-sheshrao-deepake
Dynamics of Phalaris minor in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different es...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2013-2014 at crop research centre Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) to examine the behaviour and magnitude of Phalaris minor and its dynamics in different combinations of establishment methods and weed control measures in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Density of Phalaris minor was highest under RTW as compared to CTW and ZTW at 60, 90 DAS and also at maturity stage. Ready mix of clodinafop-propargyl + MSM @ 64 g/ha and clodinafop-propargyl @ 60 g/ha completely controlled Phalaris minor. Dry matter accumulation by Phalaris minor was highest under RTW which was at par with CTW but significantly higher over ZTW at 30, 90 DAS and at maturity.
Seed yield, some yield components and morphological traits of wheat as affect...Innspub Net
This study investigated the effects of Azotobacter chrocooccum strain 5, Pseudomonas fluorescens 187, and their interactions on wheat performance. The experimental design was split plot factorial with a complete randomized block design. The treatments included four chemical fertilizers (0, 50, 75 and 100% dose fertilizers) and four levels of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Azotobacter chrocooccum strain 5, Pseudomonas fluorescens 187, mixture of these bacteria, and control). At time of physiological maturity, number of spikes per unit area,
number of spikelet and grain number per spike, thousand grain weigh, grain yield, harvest index, biological yield, plant height, stem diameter and protein content were measured. Resulted indicated that the combined application of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas increased grain yield, harvest index, biological yield and protein content by 34.3, 7.7, 12.5 and 13.6%, respectively compared to the controls. Azotobacter and Pseudomonas inoculation plus fertilization reduced chemical fertilizers application (25-50 %) in the field. Results of this study
suggest that farmer can obtained the same wheat yield if they apply half of conventional consumption of chemical fertilizers along with Azotobacter and Pseudomonas.
Evaluation of various Synthetic Insecticides against Thrips (Thrips tabaci) i...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Cotton (Gossypium spp.) popularly known as ‘white gold’ is one of the most ancient important cash crop of India. Apart from its value as fibre, it has great potential to be used as edible oil, food for animals and other by products like particle board and boxes. The development of Bt cotton containing a genetically introgresses endotoxin gene from the gram negative soil bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis Hubner) represents a significant technological land mark in the global cotton research. Thrips is a major sucking pest on cotton crop, causing quantitative and qualitative losses to cotton. An experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Station, Sri Ganganagar in Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments including control and replicated three times, to evaluate various insecticides against thrips in Bt cotton. The study revealed that maximum reduction (56.00%) in thrips population was recorded with the treatment of Acephate 75% SP, followed by Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (49.66%). Both the treatments were at par and significantly superior over the other treatments. The phytotoxic effect on crop could not be observed during the experimental period.
RESIDUAL ESTIMATION OF ISOPROTURON, ATRAZINE AND GRAIN PROTECTANTS IN STORED ...ijabjournal
This study was carried out to see the occurrence and level of pesticide residues in stored wheat grain samples. Wheat grains were collected from different godowns located in Faisalabad district. Weedicide residues in wheat grains were analyzed by using thin plate liquid chromatography and validated high
performance liquid chromatography. On the basis of extent of inhibition of the Hill reaction, it was found that the level of atrazine was (0-0.028 ngkg-1) and the level of isopproturon was (0-0.024 ngkg-1) in test samples. The calculated values were below the Maximum Residue Limit (MEL) i.e. 100 ngkg-1 for atrazine and 2200 ngkg-1 for isoproturon. It was found that presence of herbicide residues in stored wheat was negligible. Further, on wheat grain samples placed in jars and treated with deltamethrin and cypermethrin @0.4 and 0.8% concentration. The persistency data was calculated after 1 hour, 7, 15 and 30 days of treatment. The grain protectants were continuously degraded with the passage of time and after the 30 days
the amount of residues of the grain protectants was found to be very small. It was concluded that the use of the grain protectants in the powder form in combination with other botanicals on stored wheat samples is feasible to reduce the insect pest in stored grains.
The ethanol extracts of Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica charantia, Anacardium
occidentals and Psidium guajava were evaluated sole and in treatment combinations at 25, 50 and
75mg ml-1 concentration levels against the mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina of
Cowpea. The pathogen was cultured on plates containing botanicals amended Potato Dextrose
Agar (PDA) in three replicates while only ethanol treated PDA tested plates served the control
experiment. The radial growths were recorded at 4th, 6th and 8th day after inoculation. Data
obtained were analysed using the SAS software program version 9.2. The extract of Mormordica
charantia was the most effective in the botanical treatments alone. The most significant inhibition
of Macrophomina phaseolina were observed from the combined treatments of Ficus asperifolia,
Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals (3.11 cm), followed by Mormordica
charantia and Psidium guajava (3.29 cm), then combination of four extracts; Ficus asperifolia,
Mormordica charantia, Anacardium occidentals and Psidium guajava (3.53 cm), then
Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals (3.84 cm). Other treatments, either alone or in
combination produced significant result compared to the control experiment (6.94 cm). However,
the efficacy of botanicals increased with concentration and also significantly correlated with time
and reduction in mycelia extension of the pathogen. More so, variability in the antifungicidal
potentials of the botanicals on Macrophomina phaseolina ranges from 15.93% to 34.06%
according to Eigen proportions. The treatment combinations of; Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica
charantia and Anacardium occidentals at 75mg ml-1 concentration level produced the most
inhibitory effect against Macrophomina phaseolina in vitro. However, the untreated plates did not
show inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of the pathogen. Therefore, combined treatments of
botanicals could be a potential source in the practice of plant disease control.
STUDY OF FUNGAL, BACTERIAL AND ACTINOMYCETES POPULATION IN TENDU LEAF LITTER ...Dr Dama
STUDY OF FUNGAL, BACTERIAL AND ACTINOMYCETES POPULATION IN TENDU LEAF LITTER VERMICOMPOST IN COMPARISON WITH PRESS MUDCAKE.
Mushan L.C*. Rao K.R.**, Shagalolu V.V*. and Dama L.B*@.
Effect of Different Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmosc...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The experiment was carried out at Nepal Polytechnic Institute field, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal to study the effect of different nutrient sources on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L Monech). Five different treatments; poultry manure, FYM, goat manure, chemical (as per N equivalent) and no fertilizer (control) were replicated four times. The experiment was arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD). The okra variety ArkaAnamika was used for experiment. The data were collected on the growth and yield parameters including plant height (cm), canopy (cm), numbers of leaves per plant, numbers of branches per plant, fruit length, diameter and yield. Results indicated that different nutrient sources had significant (P<0.05) affected on plant height, canopy, leaf number, branches and also in yield parameters. Based on the findings of the experiments, it can be concluded that application of poultry manure significantly increased the growth and yield performances on Abelmoschus esculentus L. Monech (okra) compared to other types of fertilizers. As the study reflected the use of no fertilizer results in the lowest vegetative growth and yield performances which indicates to use some nutrient sources for better growth and production of okra.
International Journal of Advances in Biology (IJAB)ijcsity
International Journal of Advances in Biology (IJAB) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Biology. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Biological sciences and applications.
Induced Mutagenesis of Flowering, Phenology and Yield in M1 Generation of Bam...ijtsrd
A highly cherished Bambara groundnut variety, ‘Caro’ was treated with different concentrations of ethyl methane sulphonate EMS for different durations to raise an M1 generation. In the M1 generation, the mutagenic effect of EMS on seed germination, growth and seed yield at different doses 0.01 , 0.1 , 0.25 and 0.5 and for different durations 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours were studied. Characters like days to first flowering, days to 50 flowering, number of flowers per plant, number of leaves, number of nodes per plant, number of stems per plant, plant spread, plant height, number of branches per plant, pod length, pod width, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed length, seed width and seed yield were measured. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance ANOVA and means were separated using least significant difference LSD . The result showed that there was significant effect p 0.05 of ethyl methane sulphonate concentrations in all the parameters except on number of days to maturity. The concentration, 0.1 and soaking duration of 6 hours was more promising in creating variability. Apparently, could Ethyl methane sulphonate significantly improved the performance and create genetic variability of Bambara groundnut and therefore can be employed in breeding programme for Bambara groundnut. Grace O. Chimdi | Michael I. Uguru | Peter. E. Ogbonna | Nwakuche C. Onwubiko "Induced Mutagenesis of Flowering, Phenology and Yield in M1 Generation of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna Subterrnea (L.) Verdc)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49327.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/49327/induced-mutagenesis-of-flowering-phenology-and-yield-in-m1-generation-of-bambara-groundnut-vigna-subterrnea-l-verdc/grace-o-chimdi
Effect of Biofertilizers and their Consortium on Horticultural CropsSourabhMohite
The presentation includes detailed information about the mode of action of different biofertilizers including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. By the use of different biofertilizers, we can minimize the quantity of chemical fertilizers and other agrochemicals. use of biofertilizers enhances plant growth with increased yield and quality sustainably. it also includes some case studies which confirm the beneficial use of biofertilizers and PGPR.
Effect of planting pattern, plant density and integration of zeoponix and che...Innspub Net
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of planting pattern, plant density and integration of zeoponix and chemical N fertilizer (urea) on sunflower yield and yield components. The experimental design was analyzed as factorial based on randomized complete block with three replications. Treatments consisted of 3 factors which are different crop densities, including 2 levels. The population of plants was including 5 plants m–2 (d1) and 8 plants m–2 (d2). The second factor was planting patterns which were included twin rectangular rows (A1) and twin zigzag rows (A2). Different fertilizing treatments were selected as third factor consisted of the sole application of zeoponix (f1) and chemical fertilizer urea (f3), and integration of 50%zeoponix +50% chemical fertilizer urea (f2), that were at 3 levels. Results showed that there were significant differences in interaction of planting pattern, plant density and fertilizing system on plant height, stalk diameter, biologic yield, seed yield, number of seeds per head, 1000 seed weight, seed oil content and oil yield, protein content and protein yield and harvest index. LSD test for means of these traits showed that zigzag arrangement × plant population of 8 plants m–2 × 100% zeoponix (a2d2f1) treatment had the best performance and could be recommended to farmers for sunflower cultivation. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-6-december-2015-ijaar/
Influence of fertilizers on incidence and severity of early blight and late b...Innspub Net
The potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in the Far North Region, Cameroon is confronted with, diseases and pests. To improve the production of this plant, a study was carried out in Mouvou and Gouria to evaluate the impact of fertilizers on the development of late blight and early blight diseases of this plant. The experimental design used was a completely randomized block with 4 treatments: Mycorrhizae (MYC), NPK (20-10-10) chemical fertilizers, chicken droppings (CD) and a control (T). The plant material used was a local variety of potato (Dosa). Disease incidence and severity and rainfall were evaluated. Area Under Disease Progress Curve was calculated. At 60 DAS, mean incidences recorded for fertilizers were 5.7, 3.6, 1.8 and 0.8 % respectively for control, MYC, NPK and CD. In general, early blight severity decreased from 22.1% at 45 DAS to 0.3 % at 60 DAS. The highest AUDPC value of late blight at Mouvou site was observed in NPK treatment while potato in CD treatment had the lowest. The lowest AUDPC value of early blight was observed in CD treatment at both sites. AUDSIPC value for late blight was significantly higher in NPK treatment in both sites. The highest value of AUDPSIC of early blight was recorded in MYC treatment, 45 DAS in both sites. The average rainfall was higher in the Gouria site (716.5mm) than in Mouvou site (679 mm). The CD treatment can be recommended to the farmers for the phytosanitary protection of potatoes.
Bioremediating Effect of Glomus Hoi and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa on the Organic...IJEAB
This study analyzed the degrading effect of Glomus hoi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the organic content and heavy metals of oil refinery effluent polluted soil using Amaranthus cruentus as the test plant. This study was carried out to determine if agricultural activities can be improved using any or both of the micoorganisms. Eight different treatment layouts were used with three replicates for each level of pollution in the treatment layout. Ninety six (96) pots, each containing three kilograms of soil from both sterilized and unsterilized soil were used for the study. Fifty (50) grams of soil inoculum from propagated Arbuscular mycorrhiza was inoculated to a set of twenty four (24) experimental pots containing both sterilized and unsterilized soil before A. cruentus seedlings were transplanted to them. Another set of twenty four (24) pots containing both sterilized and unsterilized soil were injected with thirty (30) mL of P. aeruginosa inoculum solution before transplanting A. cruentus seedlings to them. The third set of twenty four (24) pots received dual inoculation of both fifty (50) grams of soil inoculum containing G. hoi and thirty (30) mL of P. aeruginosa inoculum solution before A. cruentus were transplanted to them. The residual twenty four (24) pots served as the control. Thereafter, pot preparation was arranged in the screenhouse in a randomized block design. The A. cruentus seedlings were raised in nursery for a period of two weeks before they were transplanted to the pots, seedlings were left for 3 days to overcome transplanting shock before contaminating the soil with refinery effluent at various concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% v/w. The seedlings were allowed to grow for eight weeks before the termination of the experiment. The pre planting analysis of soil showed that heavy metals analyses (zinc and iron) of sterilized soil had a lower concentration to the unsterilized. The soil pH ranged from 6.3 to 6.8. It also revealed that organic matter and organic carbon content ranged from 0.8% to 1.3% and 0.4% to 1.7%. However, after the experiment, it was discovered in this study that treatments without any microorganism inoculation in sterilized and unsterilized soil had a higher level of % organic carbon and % organic matter content compared to the other treatments that were inoculated with one or two micro-organisms across all the levels of effluent concentration. Heavy metals of soil in all the soil samples were found to increase as the petrochemical effluent increased in concentration. The results obtained were analyzed using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) and other descriptive statistics. This study opined that the combined use of G. hoi and P. aeruginosa was more effective in improving the organic contentand the reduce heavy metals of oil refinery effluent polluted soil than when either is used singly.
Penelitian berkaitan dengan pengurangan intensitas cahaya akibat penutupan awan sbg bentuk pengaruh dari perubahan iklim thd kualitas benih dan perkecambahan kedelai
Growth, rhizome yield and biochemical components of turmeric (Curcuma longa L...Open Access Research Paper
The work aimed at contributing to the agricultural valuation of poultry droppings and mycorrhizal biofertilizers in order to increase the productivity of Curcuma longa L. (turmeric). Thereby, the effect of some amendments on the growth, the composition of some biochemical and mineral components of C. longa was studied during 23 weeks of cultivation in a greenhouse. The experimental device was a completely randomized block with five treatments (T0= control; T1= poultry droppings; T2= NPK; T3= mycorrhizae; T4= poultry droppings + mycorrhizae). Concerning growth parameters, the T4 improves the height of the stems (38.1 ± 2.8cm), the basal stem diameter (9.2 ± 1.0mm) and the dry biomass of the leafy stems (16.2 ± 2.3g). Concerning the roots, the best results were obtained by T1 (4.3 ± 1.6g). The best results on the productivity of fresh rhizomes of C. longa, have been obtained to the T4 (308.8 ± 43.2g). According to biochemical components, the contribution of mycorrhizae and droppings increased the carotenoids content with the respective values of 2.63 ± 0.1g/l and 2.75 ± 0.1g/l. For the mineral constituents, the contribution of the T4 and T1 obtained better results in minerals such as: N and Fe inmg/100g DW. The results show the importance of using the droppings of laying hens in combination with mycorrhizae. It was found to be very promoting the turmeric plants and therefore can be used as an alternative to replace chemical fertilizer usually employed for cultivation.
Response of Nutrient Management Practices through Organic Substances on Rice ...AI Publications
The management of soil organic matter is crucial to maintain a productive organic farming system. No one source of nutrient usually fulfills to maintain productivity and quality control in organic system. In addition, the inputs to supplement nutrient availability are often not uniform presenting additional challenges in meeting the nutrient requirements of crops in organic system. With this concept, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of ASPEE Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, Tansa Farm, at Nare, Taluka Wada, Dist. Palghar, Maharashtra, during Kharif 2018-19 in rice. Different treatments comprising organic amendments such as T1-FYM @ 5 t/ha (control), T2-T1 + vermicompost @2.5 t/ha, T3-T1+Neem cake @ 250 kg, T4- T1+ vermiwash @ 3% spray, T5-T1+ Jeevamrut @ 3 % spray, T6-T1+ Panchgavya @ 3 % Spray, T7-T1+ Enriched Bananpseudostem sap @ 3% spray and T8-T1+ Regular Banana sap @ 3% spray were tried in organic crop production. These treatments were compared with absolute control (FYM @ 5 t/ha + No biofertilizer+ No Spray). A Rice variety ‘GR-11’ was taken for study. Results revealed a significant enhancement in grain yield of rice over absolute control due to the application of different organic amendments applied alone or in combinations. The rice grain yield (3.19 t ha-1) obtained under combined application of FYM and vermicompost was at par with the yield recorded under neem cake, vermiwash and panchgavya. An interesting observation recorded was that there was no serious attack of any insects pest or disease in organically grown crop. The study revealed that addition of four organic amendments viz. vermicompost, vermiwash, neem cake&panchgavyacould give the optimum yield of organic rice var. GR-11.
Authors: Norman Uphoff, Vasilia Fasoula, Iswandi Anas, Amir Kassam and A.K. Thakur
Title: Improving the Phenotypic Expression of Rice Genotypes: Reasons to Rethink Selection Practices and ‘Intensification’ for Rice Production Systems
Oral presentation at: The 4th International Rice Congress
Venue: Bangkok International Trade and Exhibition Center, Bangkok, Thailand
Date: October 31, 2014
Burnt Weed Smoke Can Enhance Plant Growth A Proper Weed ManagementYogeshIJTSRD
Weeds are serious issue around the world causing crop yield reduction in agricultural fields. However, several studies proclaim the uses of weed plant species as plant growth enhancer because of their unique phytochemical composition present in smoke when pyrolysed. This idea has been inspired by the discovery of karrikins, a class of smoke elicitors that cues the seedling germination in several plant species. The present review is mainly aimed towards the application of weed derived smoke to regulate the plant growth in positive manner. Smoke water prepared from pyrolysed weed emerged out as more powerful in promoting the plant development of agriculturally and medicinally. The smoke technology can be one of the useful management strategies in future with cost effective and environmental friendly inputs. Shaiphali Saxena "Burnt Weed Smoke Can Enhance Plant Growth: A Proper Weed Management" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39954.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/39954/burnt-weed-smoke-can-enhance-plant-growth-a-proper-weed-management/shaiphali-saxena
Effectiveness of organic substances in the control of powdery mildew (Sphaero...Innspub Net
Powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuligenia) is an economically important disease of cucurbits requiring sustainable means of management. A field experiment was set up to evaluate the effectiveness of cattle milk, sodium bicarbonate, dilute acetic acid and garlic in controlling powdery mildew in butternut (Cucurbita moschata pepo). The trial was laid out as a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates and 6 treatments. The treatments were applied at the following concentrations; 1. Cattle milk at 100ml/liter of water, 2. Dilute acetic acid at 6ml/litre of water, 3. Bicarbonate of soda at 10g/litre of water, 4. Garlic at 20g/litre of water, 5. Tubuconazole in the form of folicur at 0.5ml per liter of water and 6. Control which was not sprayed. A significant difference (P<0.01) was recorded at 60days after planting with respect to disease incidence and milk had the lowest incidence of 12.9% and the highest incidence of 37.3% was recorded in the control treatment. Milk and sodium bicarbonate managed to suppress both disease incidence and severity. This study confirms the fungicidal properties of milk and sodium bicarbonate, garlic, and dilute acetic, suggesting their use as fungicides for disease control for sustainable powdery mildew management. Get the full articles at: https://goo.gl/A2g1tv
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
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Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
1. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR) ISSN:[2454-1850] [Vol-4, Issue-5, May- 2018]
Page | 55
Impact of Biofertilizers on Crop Seeds
G .Sumalatha1
, T. Geetha Jebarathnam2
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar -608002
Tamil Nadu, India
Email: sulareddy@gmail.com
Abstract— A laboratory experiments were conducted during the year of 2012-2014 at Annamalai University of cuddalore
district under irrigated conditions to formulate site –specific nutrient management and efficiency of treatments known by
comparing with rice, sunflower and black gram seeds. And the treatments includes control, 10%, 5%, 2.5% and 1%
vermicompost, 10%, 5%, 2.5% and 1% phosphobacteria, 10%, 5%, 2.5% and 1% azospirillum. And the above treatments are
applied to all the three seeds ie, rice, sunflower, black gram. The numbers of seeds used for the experiment are 50 seeds of
paddy, 20 seeds of black gram and 10 seeds of sunflower. Highest values for plant biomass root and shoot length was noticed
in 10 % all the treatments.
Keywords— Sunflower, Nutrient management, plant biomass, root and shoot length.
I. INTRODUCTION
Nutrients play an important role in crop growth and development. Among the nutrients, N is one of the major nutrients that
enhance the metabolic processes that based on protein, leads to increases in vegetative, reproductive growth and yield of the
crop. Phosoporus soulubilizing bacteria possess the ability to bring insoluble phosphorus in the soil into soluble forms by
secreting organic acids such as formic, acetic, propionic, glycolic, fumaric and succinic acids. And vermicompost is an
established organic soil amendment produced by a non-thermophilic process in which the organic matter is broken down
through interactions between earth worm and microorganisms under aerobic condition. vermicompost have been
demonstrated to be valuable soil amendment that offer a balanced nutritional release pattern to plants. Providing nutrients
such as available nitrogen, soluble potassium, exchangeable calicium, mangesium and phosphorus that can be taken readily
by the plants (Edward, 1998 and Edwards and Fletcher, 1988). Application of vermicompost along with chemical fertilizers
increase the uptake of N, P, K nutrients when compared to chemical fertilizers alone (Bhadoria and Prakash,
2003).Chaudhary et al.(2004) reported that apart from nutrients supply and availability, vermicompost also improves the
fertilizer use efficiency by increasing the nutrient uptake of plants. Vermicomposting is a biodegradation system which
stabilizes sludge and reduces its pathogenicity. Application of high analysis NPK fertilizers and very limited use of FYM
cause micronutrient depletion in soils, which appears to have special role in influencing the test weight and seed filling
(Tufail et al., 1990). Azospirillum reported that Azospirillum inoculation of increased the nitrogen uptake by sunflower
(Anand, 1994). Sivakumar (1994) also stated that seed soaking in GA3 45 ppm + Azospirillum increased the nitrogen uptake
by sunflower. Nandhagopal et al. (2003) reported that inoculation of Azospirillum assisted in N fixation and contributed for
the improved nutrient uptake of sunflower.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
A laboratory experiments were conducted during 2013-2014 at Annamalai university, Cuddalore located in Western Agro
climatic zone of Tamilnadu to find out the impact of bio fertilizers on different crop seeds. The weather of Annamalai nagar
is moderately warm with hot summer months. The mean maximum temperature is 32.2C while the mean minimum
temperature is 21.5 o
C with a mean relative humidity of 88 per cent. The mean annual rainfall is 1500mm of which 1000mm
is received during North –East monsoon, 400 mm during South-West monsoon and 100mm as summer showers.
A laboratory experiment was under taken with varying concentrations of aqueous solutions of biofertilizers i.e., 10%, 5%,
2.5%, 1% solutions of vermicompost, azospirillum and phosphobacteria respectively were prepared. Seeds of paddy,
blackgram and sunflower were placed in filter paper, spread in petriplates @ 50 paddy seeds, 20 black gram seeds and 10
sunflower seeds per plate over a moist filter paper dipped in water held in the cover plates kept at the bottom. Observations
regarding germination count (cumulative upto 3 DAS) on 7th
day were recorded and inhibition or stimulation of germination
compared to control was expressed in percentage (%).
3. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR) ISSN:[2454-1850] [Vol-4, Issue-5, May- 2018]
Page | 57
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The different concentrations of bio-fertilizers compared showed varying levels of germination response of crop seeds. The
magnitude of germination was increasing with increasing concentrations of bio-fertilizers and highest germination per cent
was observed with increasing concentrations of bio-fertilizers i.e, 1 per cent, 2.5 per cent, 5 per cent, and 10 per cent. Hence
highest performance of paddy, black gram & sunflower germination was observed to be as 100 per cent, 100 per cent and
100 per cent respectively in 10 per cent concentration of Azospirillum followed by 100 per cent, 100 per cent and 80 per cent
with 10 per cent concentration of PSB and 96 per cent, 95 per cent, 82 per cent with 10 per cent concentration of
vermicompost.
IV. CONCLUSION
The study revealed that the different concentrations of bio fertilizers compared showed varying levels of germination
response of crop seeds. The magnitude of germination was increasing with increasing concentrations of bio fertilizer.
REFERENCES
[1] Anand, V. 1994. Studies on the Azospirillum brasilence sunflower Rhizobiocoenosis under moisture stress condition. M.Sc. (Ag.)
Thesis, submitted to Annamalai Univ., Annamalai Nagar.
[2] Bhadaria, P.B.S. and Y.S. Prakash. 2003. Relative influence of organic manures in combination with chemical fertilizer in improving
rice productivity of lateritic soil. J. Sustainable Agric., 23(1): 77-87.
[3] Choudhary, O.P. and Kumar, R. 1998. Studies on honey bee foraging behaviour and pollination on niger (Guizotia abyssinica. (ass)
cultivation . J. Oil seeds Res., 19(2): 257-258.
[4] Edwards, C.A. and K.E. Fletcher. 1988. Interaction between earthworms and microbes in organic matter breakdown. Agriculture,
Ecosystems and Environment, 20(3): 235-239.
[5] Sivakumar, K. 1994. Effect of seed soaking in phytohormones and Azospirillum on growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus
annuus L.) cv. CO2. M.Sc (Ag.) Thesis, Annamalai Univ., Annamalai Nagar.