This document analyzes the impact of varying transmission range, mobility speed, and number of nodes on the performance of three routing protocols (AODV, DSDV, DSR) in mobile ad hoc networks. It simulates these protocols using the NS-2 simulator and measures the performance based on several QoS metrics including packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, routing overhead, and throughput. The results show that AODV generally has the best packet delivery ratio and throughput, while DSDV has the lowest end-to-end delay. DSR performance is between AODV and DSDV. Increasing the transmission range and number of nodes tends to improve performance, while increasing mobility reduces it.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
CONGESTION AWARE LINK COST ROUTING FOR MANETSIJCNCJournal
Due to the dynamic topology, self-configuration and decentralized nature of Mobile Ad hoc Network
(MANET), it provides many benefits in wireless networks and is easy to deploy. But the transmission of
data over ad hoc networks has elevated many technical issues for successful routing. Congestion is one of
the important issues which cause performance degradation of a network, due to long delay and high packet
loss. This paper proposes a Congestion aware Link Cost Routing for MANET where the protocol finds a
path with optimized linked cost based on SNR, Link delay, and the and remaining battery power. Along
with this optimization, in this protocol, every node finds its congestion status and participates in the route
discovery on the basis of its status. Data forwarding is also done based on the congestion status at the time
of forwarding. The protocol results in better performance in terms of packet delivery fraction, end to end
delay, throughput, and packet drop when compared to existing protocols.
A cross layer delay-aware multipath routing algorithm for mobile adhoc networkscsandit
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETS) require reliable routing and Quality of Service(QoS)
mechanism to support diverse applications with varying and stringent requirements. Routing
protocols such as AODV, AOMDV, DSR and OLSR use minimum hop count as the metric for
path selection, hence are not suitable for delay sensitive real time applications. To support such
applications delay constrained routing protocols are employed. These Protocols makes path
selection based on the delay over the discovered links during routing discovery and routing
table calculations. We propose a variation of a node-disjoint Multipath QoS Routing protocol
called Cross Layer Delay aware Node Disjoint Multipath AODV (CLDM-AODV) based on
delay constraint. It employs cross-layer communications between MAC and routing layers to
achieve link and channel-awareness. It regularly updates the path status in terms of lowest
delay incurred at each intermediate node. Performance of the proposed protocol is compared
with single path AODV and NDMR protocols. Proposed CLDM-AODV is superior in terms of
better packet delivery and reduced overhead between intermediate nodes.
Packet delivery ratio, delay, throughput, routing overhead etc are the strict quality of service requirements
for applications in Ad hoc networks. So, the routing protocol not only finds a suitable path but also the path
should satisfy the QoS constraints also. Quality of services (QoS) aware routing is performed on the basis
of resource availability in the network and the flow of QoS requirement. In this paper we developed a
source routing protocol which satisfying the link bandwidth and end –to- end delay factor. Our protocol
will find multiple paths between the source and the destination, out of those one will be selected for data
transfer and others are reserve at the source node those can be used for route maintenance purpose. The
path selection is strictly based on the bandwidth and end-to-end delay in case two or more then two paths
are having the same values for QoS constraints then we will use hop as a parameter for path selection.
A cross layer delay-aware node disjoint multipath routing algorithm for mobil...ijwmn
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETS) require reliable routing and Quality of Service(QoS) mechanism to
support diverse applications with varying and stringent requirements for delay, jitter, bandwidth, packets
loss. Routing protocols such as AODV, AOMDV, DSR and OLSR use shortest path with minimum hop
count as the main metric for path selection, hence are not suitable for delay sensitive real time
applications. To support such applications delay constrained routing protocols are employed. These
Protocols makes path selection between source and destination based on the delay over the discovered
links during routing discovery and routing table calculations. We propose a variation of a node-disjoint
Multipath QoS Routing protocol called Cross Layer Delay aware Node Disjoint Multipath AODV (CLDMAODV)
based on delay constraint. It employs cross-layer communications between MAC and routing
layers to achieve link and channel-awareness. It regularly updates the path status in terms of lowest delay
incurred at each intermediate node. Performance of the proposed protocol is compared with single path
AODV and NDMR protocols. Proposed CLDM-AODV is superior in terms of better packet delivery and
reduced overhead between intermediate nodes.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Performance comparison of mobile ad hoc network routing protocolsIJCNCJournal
Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is an infrastructure less and decentralized network which need a robust
dynamic routing protocol. Many routing protocols for such networks have been proposed so far to find
optimized routes from source to the destination and prominent among them are Dynamic Source Routing
(DSR), Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV), and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV)
routing protocols. The performance comparison of these protocols should be considered as the primary
step towards the invention of a new routing protocol. This paper presents a performance comparison of
proactive and reactive routing protocols DSDV, AODV and DSR based on QoS metrics (packet delivery
ratio, average end-to-end delay, throughput, jitter), normalized routing overhead and normalized MAC
overhead by using the NS-2 simulator. The performance comparison is conducted by varying mobility
speed, number of nodes and data rate. The comparison results show that AODV performs optimally well
not the best among all the studied protocols.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
CONGESTION AWARE LINK COST ROUTING FOR MANETSIJCNCJournal
Due to the dynamic topology, self-configuration and decentralized nature of Mobile Ad hoc Network
(MANET), it provides many benefits in wireless networks and is easy to deploy. But the transmission of
data over ad hoc networks has elevated many technical issues for successful routing. Congestion is one of
the important issues which cause performance degradation of a network, due to long delay and high packet
loss. This paper proposes a Congestion aware Link Cost Routing for MANET where the protocol finds a
path with optimized linked cost based on SNR, Link delay, and the and remaining battery power. Along
with this optimization, in this protocol, every node finds its congestion status and participates in the route
discovery on the basis of its status. Data forwarding is also done based on the congestion status at the time
of forwarding. The protocol results in better performance in terms of packet delivery fraction, end to end
delay, throughput, and packet drop when compared to existing protocols.
A cross layer delay-aware multipath routing algorithm for mobile adhoc networkscsandit
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETS) require reliable routing and Quality of Service(QoS)
mechanism to support diverse applications with varying and stringent requirements. Routing
protocols such as AODV, AOMDV, DSR and OLSR use minimum hop count as the metric for
path selection, hence are not suitable for delay sensitive real time applications. To support such
applications delay constrained routing protocols are employed. These Protocols makes path
selection based on the delay over the discovered links during routing discovery and routing
table calculations. We propose a variation of a node-disjoint Multipath QoS Routing protocol
called Cross Layer Delay aware Node Disjoint Multipath AODV (CLDM-AODV) based on
delay constraint. It employs cross-layer communications between MAC and routing layers to
achieve link and channel-awareness. It regularly updates the path status in terms of lowest
delay incurred at each intermediate node. Performance of the proposed protocol is compared
with single path AODV and NDMR protocols. Proposed CLDM-AODV is superior in terms of
better packet delivery and reduced overhead between intermediate nodes.
Packet delivery ratio, delay, throughput, routing overhead etc are the strict quality of service requirements
for applications in Ad hoc networks. So, the routing protocol not only finds a suitable path but also the path
should satisfy the QoS constraints also. Quality of services (QoS) aware routing is performed on the basis
of resource availability in the network and the flow of QoS requirement. In this paper we developed a
source routing protocol which satisfying the link bandwidth and end –to- end delay factor. Our protocol
will find multiple paths between the source and the destination, out of those one will be selected for data
transfer and others are reserve at the source node those can be used for route maintenance purpose. The
path selection is strictly based on the bandwidth and end-to-end delay in case two or more then two paths
are having the same values for QoS constraints then we will use hop as a parameter for path selection.
A cross layer delay-aware node disjoint multipath routing algorithm for mobil...ijwmn
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETS) require reliable routing and Quality of Service(QoS) mechanism to
support diverse applications with varying and stringent requirements for delay, jitter, bandwidth, packets
loss. Routing protocols such as AODV, AOMDV, DSR and OLSR use shortest path with minimum hop
count as the main metric for path selection, hence are not suitable for delay sensitive real time
applications. To support such applications delay constrained routing protocols are employed. These
Protocols makes path selection between source and destination based on the delay over the discovered
links during routing discovery and routing table calculations. We propose a variation of a node-disjoint
Multipath QoS Routing protocol called Cross Layer Delay aware Node Disjoint Multipath AODV (CLDMAODV)
based on delay constraint. It employs cross-layer communications between MAC and routing
layers to achieve link and channel-awareness. It regularly updates the path status in terms of lowest delay
incurred at each intermediate node. Performance of the proposed protocol is compared with single path
AODV and NDMR protocols. Proposed CLDM-AODV is superior in terms of better packet delivery and
reduced overhead between intermediate nodes.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Performance comparison of mobile ad hoc network routing protocolsIJCNCJournal
Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is an infrastructure less and decentralized network which need a robust
dynamic routing protocol. Many routing protocols for such networks have been proposed so far to find
optimized routes from source to the destination and prominent among them are Dynamic Source Routing
(DSR), Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV), and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV)
routing protocols. The performance comparison of these protocols should be considered as the primary
step towards the invention of a new routing protocol. This paper presents a performance comparison of
proactive and reactive routing protocols DSDV, AODV and DSR based on QoS metrics (packet delivery
ratio, average end-to-end delay, throughput, jitter), normalized routing overhead and normalized MAC
overhead by using the NS-2 simulator. The performance comparison is conducted by varying mobility
speed, number of nodes and data rate. The comparison results show that AODV performs optimally well
not the best among all the studied protocols.
Impact of Variable Transmission Range and Scalability With Respect To Mobilit...Jitender Grover
A variety of protocols are used in ad hoc network but the most popular protocol one is Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP). ZRP is a hybrid routing protocol. Transmission power affects the design and performance of all the protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Mobility of nodes and selection of Zone Size in ZRP are also the major issues. In this paper, the impact of Transmission Ranges and Scalability by varying Mobility rate along with Zone Radius on QoS based performance metrics has been analyzed. The environment has been simulated using NS2.33 Simulator. The objective of our work is to analyze that at what speed and by taking how much zone radius ZRP will be able to perform efficiently and effectively for Mobile Ad hoc Networks.
A QUALITY OF SERVICE ARCHITECTURE FOR RESOURCE PROVISIONING AND RATE CONTROL ...ijasuc
Prioritized flow control is a type of QoS provisioning in which each class is provided a different QoS by
assigning priority to one class over another in terms of allocating resources. It is an effective means to
provide service differentiation to different class of service in mobile ad hoc networks. So the objective is to
achieve a desired level of service to high-priority flows so that the wireless medium is completely utilized
using adaptive rate control. In this paper, we propose to design QoS architecture for Bandwidth
Management and Rate Control in MANET. Our proposed QoS architecture contains an adaptive
bandwidth management technique which measures the available bandwidth at each node in real-time and
it is then propagated on demand by the QoS routing protocol. The source nodes perform call admission
control for different priority of flows based on the bandwidth information provided by the QoS routing.
The network bandwidth utilization is monitored continuously and network congestion is detected in
advance. Then a rate control mechanism is used to regulate best-effort traffic.
A Performance Comparison of Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc NetworksIJERA Editor
Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes in which the wireless links are frequently broken down due to mobility and dynamic infrastructure. Routing is a significant issue and challenge in ad hoc networks. Many routing protocols have been proposed like OLSR, AODV so far to improve the routing performance and reliability. In this paper, we describe the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) and the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV). We evaluate their performance through exhaustive simulations using the Network Simulator 2 (ns2) by varying conditions (node mobility, network density).
Rough set based QoS enabled multipath source routing in MANET IJECEIAES
The single constrained Quality of Service (QoS) routing in Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork (MANET) is disastrous in consideration of MANET characteristics, inference, collision and link failure as it maintains a single path. The QoS enabled routing yields better packet delivery and maintains consistency among nodes in the network by incorporating multi-constrained and multipath routing. The Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) is best suited source routing algorithm to maintain multipath information at the source node, but performance degrades with larger number of mobile nodes. Multilayer mechanism should be incorporated to maintain QoS metric information spreads across multiple layers of TCP/IP protocol stack. The proposed multipath QoS enabled source routing provides balanced routing by making use of all these features. The imprecise decision making strategy called Rough Set Theory (RST) is used at destination node for decision making. The Route REQuest (RREQ) messages coming from different routes are filtered by considering the QoS metrics of each and every route by making use of RST. The Route REPly (RREP) messages are generated and delivered to the source node for filtered RREQ messages. The proposed routing algorithm will reduce load on the network by reducing number of control messages exchanged for route establishment. This will evenly distribute load among all the nodes and it also avoid the scenarios like few nodes starved for resources. Finally, multipath routing always provides alternate routing option in case of route failure.
Dynamic Routing for Data Integrity and Delay Differentiated Services in Wirel...1crore projects
IEEE PROJECTS 2015
1 crore projects is a leading Guide for ieee Projects and real time projects Works Provider.
It has been provided Lot of Guidance for Thousands of Students & made them more beneficial in all Technology Training.
Dot Net
DOTNET Project Domain list 2015
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
Java Project Domain list 2015
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
ECE IEEE Projects 2015
1. Matlab project
2. Ns2 project
3. Embedded project
4. Robotics project
Eligibility
Final Year students of
1. BSc (C.S)
2. BCA/B.E(C.S)
3. B.Tech IT
4. BE (C.S)
5. MSc (C.S)
6. MSc (IT)
7. MCA
8. MS (IT)
9. ME(ALL)
10. BE(ECE)(EEE)(E&I)
TECHNOLOGY USED AND FOR TRAINING IN
1. DOT NET
2. C sharp
3. ASP
4. VB
5. SQL SERVER
6. JAVA
7. J2EE
8. STRINGS
9. ORACLE
10. VB dotNET
11. EMBEDDED
12. MAT LAB
13. LAB VIEW
14. Multi Sim
CONTACT US
1 CRORE PROJECTS
Door No: 214/215,2nd Floor,
No. 172, Raahat Plaza, (Shopping Mall) ,Arcot Road, Vadapalani, Chennai,
Tamin Nadu, INDIA - 600 026
Email id: 1croreprojects@gmail.com
website:1croreprojects.com
Phone : +91 97518 00789 / +91 72999 51536
ECA MODEL BASED QOS AODV ROUTING FOR MANETSIJCNCJournal
Applications like banking, interactive multimedia, movie on demand, VOIP, etc., are delay sensitive by
nature. The QoS given to users will be affected by network delay, which can be mitigated by employing
QoS routing and efficient data transfer. To build routing table, normal AODV routing uses flooding
technique, which will not consider QoS requirements. Hence QoS based routing which is stable for the
entire application is essential, which understands the dynamic nature of the MANET and establishes the
required route, in minimum possible time. We have proposed an intelligent routing protocol based ECA
model and AODV for establishing QoS route.
The simulation results shows that the ECA model gives better results, while considering the local
connectivity time, source to destination connectivity time, number of data packets successfully delivered to
the destination, local and global error correction time, compared to AODV.
EEDTCA: Energy Efficient, Reduced Delay and Minimum Distributed Topology Cont...Editor IJCATR
Processing packets across Mobile Ad hoc Network, Topology control minimize interference among node in a network, increase the network capacity and extend lifetime of the network. Emerging research in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) says, there is a growing requirement of quality of service (QoS) in terms of delay. In order to resolve the delay problem, it is essential to consider topology control in delay constrained environment with energy efficient. In this paper, we discuss reduced delay and minimum distributed topology control algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks. In this proposed system, we study on the delay-constrained topology control problem, and take into account delay and energy efficiency. Simulation results are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of this new technique as compared to other approaches to topology control.
EEDTCA: Energy Efficient, Reduced Delay and Minimum Distributed Topology Cont...Editor IJCATR
Processing packets across Mobile Ad hoc Network, Topology control minimize interference among node in a network, increase the network capacity and extend lifetime of the network. Emerging research in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) says, there is a growing requirement of quality of service (QoS) in terms of delay. In order to resolve the delay problem, it is essential to consider topology control in delay constrained environment with energy efficient. In this paper, we discuss reduced delay and minimum distributed topology control algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks. In this proposed system, we study on the delay-constrained topology control problem, and take into account delay and energy efficiency. Simulation results are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of this new technique as compared to other approaches to topology control.
Analyzing the impact of the number of nodes on the performance of the routing...journalBEEI
Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are independent systems that can work without the requirement for unified controls, pre-setup to the paths/routes or advance communication structures. The nodes/hubs of a MANET are independently controlled, which permit them to behave unreservedly in a randomized way inside the MANET. The hubs can leave their MANET and join different MANETs whenever the need arises. These attributes, in any case, may contrarily influence the performance of the routing conventions (or protocols) and the general topology of the systems. Along these lines, MANETs include uniquely planned routing conventions that responsively as well as proactively carry out the routing. This paper assesses and looks at the effectiveness (or performance) of five directing conventions which are AOMDV, DSDV, AODV, DSR and OLSR in a MANET domain. The research incorporates executing a simulating environment to look at the operation of the routing conventions dependent on the variable number of hubs. Three evaluation indices are utilized: Throughput (TH), Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and End-to-End delay (E2E). The assessment outcomes indicate that the AODV beats other conventions in the majority of the simulated scenarios.
Authentication of Secure Data Transmission In Wireless RoutingIJERA Editor
The major objective of our work is to explore a security enhanced dynamic routing algorithm based on distributed routing information widely supported in existing wired and wireless networks. The message authentication is the main area to be considered in WSN’s. Most of the wireless networks are attacked for detecting the data’s that are transmitted in between the users. We aim at the randomization of delivery paths for data transmission to provide considerably small path similarity (i.e., the number of common links between two delivery paths) of two consecutive transmitted packets. The proposed algorithm should be easy to implement and compatible with popular routing protocols, such as the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) for wired networks and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) protocol for wireless networks over existing infrastructures. These protocols shall not increase the number of control messages if the proposed algorithm is adopted. An analytic study will be presented for the proposed routing algorithm, and a series of simulation study will be conducted to verify the analytic results and to show the capability of the proposed algorithm.
Bandwidth aware on demand multipath routing in manetsijwmn
Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are self configuring, decentralized and dynamic nature wireless
networks which have no infrastructure. These offer a number of advantages, however the demand of high
traffic flows in MANETs increases rapidly. For these demands, limited bandwidth of wireless network is the
important parameter that restrains the development of real time multimedia applications. In this work, we
propose a solution to utilize available bandwidth of the channel for on demand multiple disjoint paths. The
approximate bandwidth of a node is used to find the available bandwidth of the path. The source chooses
the primary route for data forwarding on the basis of path bandwidth. The simulation results show that the
proposed solution reduces the frequency of broadcast and performs well in improving the end to end
throughput, packet delivery ratio, and the end to end delay.
EFFECT OF PAUSE TIME AND NODES ON PERFORMANCE OF AODV AND DSR ROUTING PROTOCO...Editor IJMTER
A central challenge in designing of wireless ad hoc networks is the development of dynamic
routing protocols that can efficiently find routes between two communication nodes when nodes are
mobile. To accomplish this, a number of ad hoc routing protocols had been proposed and implemented.
In wireless ad hoc network the selected protocol should find best route which can insure packet delivery
and packet integrity. Performance evolution of the protocols is the key step before selecting a particular
protocol. In this paper, the performance is compared on Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV)
and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) at application layer by varying the pause time and number of nodes
using QualNet 5.0.2 simulator. The average jitter, end-to-end delay, throughput and packet delivery
fraction (PDF) are the four common measures used for the comparison of the performance of above
protocols. The experimental results show that DSR perform better in low load and high pause time but
in case of high load and less pause time AODV outperform DSR.
DETERMINING THE NETWORK THROUGHPUT AND FLOW RATE USING GSR AND AAL2Rijujournal
In multi-radio wireless mesh networks, one node is eligible to transmit packets over multiple channels to different destination nodes simultaneously. This feature of multi-radio wireless mesh network makes high throughput for the network and increase the chance for multi path routing. This is because the multiple channel availability for transmission decreases the probability of the most elegant problem called as interference problem which is either of interflow and intraflow type. For avoiding the problem like interference and maintaining the constant network performance or increasing the performance the WMN need to consider the packet aggregation and packet forwarding. Packet aggregation is process of collecting several packets ready for transmission and sending them to the intended recipient through the channel, while the packet forwarding holds the hop-by-hop routing. But choosing the correct path among different available multiple paths is most the important factor in the both case for a routing algorithm. Hence the most challenging factor is to determine a forwarding strategy which will provide the schedule for each node for transmission within the channel. In this research work we have tried to implement two forwarding strategies for the multi path multi radio WMN as the approximate solution for the above said problem. We have implemented Global State Routing (GSR) which will consider the packet forwarding concept and Aggregation Aware Layer 2 Routing (AAL2R) which considers the both concept i.e. both packet forwarding and packet aggregation. After the successful implementation the network performance has been measured by means of simulation study.
To accommodate real-time multimedia applications that achieve Quality of Service (QOS) requirements in
a wireless ad-hoc network, a QOS control mechanisms is needed. Correspondence over such networks
must consider other aspects in regard to network properties; that the time it takes to send a message and
reach its destination faces different variables from one message to the other in a short time. Therefore, the
equation of calculating the time required to resend the message must be able to contain the worst case and
acknowledges different features for the network. The objective of this paper is to improve retransmission
time calculation adaptability when occurring using Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) over wireless Ad
hoc networks. Hence, it aims to obtain more accurate time to ensure retransmission time occurring in
accordance to the network environment variables efficiently.
A Cross-Layer Based Multipath Routing Protocol To Improve QoS In Mobile Adhoc...IDES Editor
In Mobile ad hoc networks, due to the high packet loss rates
and frequent topological changes, the unbalanced transport
layer and reserved amount of traffic is carried out by the
network. In a QoS based routing metric for MANETs, it is
necessary to combine the minimum available bandwidth and
end-to-end delay along with the congestion around a link. In
this paper, a cross layer based multipath routing (CBMR)
protocol to improve QoS in mobile ad hoc networks to allot
weights to individual links, depending on the metrics link
quality, channel quality and end-to-end delay is developed. In
order to validate load balancing and interference between the
links using the same channel, the individual link weights are
integrated into a routing metric. Therefore, the weight value
helps the routing protocol to avoid the routing traffic through
the congested area hence the traffic is balanced and the
network capacity is improved. Then the proportion of traffic
to be routed to each neighbor is selected to execute routing
such that the weight of the node is a minimum. We also
propose an enhanced TCP congestion control mechanism for
wireless networks, based on a cross-layer scheme. By our
simulation results, the robustness of our protocol achieves
increased packet delivery ratio with reduced latency was
demonstrated.
Presentatie over het onderzoek op het gebied van social media binnen de makelaarsbranche en wat Nederland Internet kan betekenen voor WitteWoning Makelaars op het gebied van social media.
Impact of Variable Transmission Range and Scalability With Respect To Mobilit...Jitender Grover
A variety of protocols are used in ad hoc network but the most popular protocol one is Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP). ZRP is a hybrid routing protocol. Transmission power affects the design and performance of all the protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Mobility of nodes and selection of Zone Size in ZRP are also the major issues. In this paper, the impact of Transmission Ranges and Scalability by varying Mobility rate along with Zone Radius on QoS based performance metrics has been analyzed. The environment has been simulated using NS2.33 Simulator. The objective of our work is to analyze that at what speed and by taking how much zone radius ZRP will be able to perform efficiently and effectively for Mobile Ad hoc Networks.
A QUALITY OF SERVICE ARCHITECTURE FOR RESOURCE PROVISIONING AND RATE CONTROL ...ijasuc
Prioritized flow control is a type of QoS provisioning in which each class is provided a different QoS by
assigning priority to one class over another in terms of allocating resources. It is an effective means to
provide service differentiation to different class of service in mobile ad hoc networks. So the objective is to
achieve a desired level of service to high-priority flows so that the wireless medium is completely utilized
using adaptive rate control. In this paper, we propose to design QoS architecture for Bandwidth
Management and Rate Control in MANET. Our proposed QoS architecture contains an adaptive
bandwidth management technique which measures the available bandwidth at each node in real-time and
it is then propagated on demand by the QoS routing protocol. The source nodes perform call admission
control for different priority of flows based on the bandwidth information provided by the QoS routing.
The network bandwidth utilization is monitored continuously and network congestion is detected in
advance. Then a rate control mechanism is used to regulate best-effort traffic.
A Performance Comparison of Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc NetworksIJERA Editor
Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes in which the wireless links are frequently broken down due to mobility and dynamic infrastructure. Routing is a significant issue and challenge in ad hoc networks. Many routing protocols have been proposed like OLSR, AODV so far to improve the routing performance and reliability. In this paper, we describe the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) and the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV). We evaluate their performance through exhaustive simulations using the Network Simulator 2 (ns2) by varying conditions (node mobility, network density).
Rough set based QoS enabled multipath source routing in MANET IJECEIAES
The single constrained Quality of Service (QoS) routing in Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork (MANET) is disastrous in consideration of MANET characteristics, inference, collision and link failure as it maintains a single path. The QoS enabled routing yields better packet delivery and maintains consistency among nodes in the network by incorporating multi-constrained and multipath routing. The Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) is best suited source routing algorithm to maintain multipath information at the source node, but performance degrades with larger number of mobile nodes. Multilayer mechanism should be incorporated to maintain QoS metric information spreads across multiple layers of TCP/IP protocol stack. The proposed multipath QoS enabled source routing provides balanced routing by making use of all these features. The imprecise decision making strategy called Rough Set Theory (RST) is used at destination node for decision making. The Route REQuest (RREQ) messages coming from different routes are filtered by considering the QoS metrics of each and every route by making use of RST. The Route REPly (RREP) messages are generated and delivered to the source node for filtered RREQ messages. The proposed routing algorithm will reduce load on the network by reducing number of control messages exchanged for route establishment. This will evenly distribute load among all the nodes and it also avoid the scenarios like few nodes starved for resources. Finally, multipath routing always provides alternate routing option in case of route failure.
Dynamic Routing for Data Integrity and Delay Differentiated Services in Wirel...1crore projects
IEEE PROJECTS 2015
1 crore projects is a leading Guide for ieee Projects and real time projects Works Provider.
It has been provided Lot of Guidance for Thousands of Students & made them more beneficial in all Technology Training.
Dot Net
DOTNET Project Domain list 2015
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
Java Project Domain list 2015
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
ECE IEEE Projects 2015
1. Matlab project
2. Ns2 project
3. Embedded project
4. Robotics project
Eligibility
Final Year students of
1. BSc (C.S)
2. BCA/B.E(C.S)
3. B.Tech IT
4. BE (C.S)
5. MSc (C.S)
6. MSc (IT)
7. MCA
8. MS (IT)
9. ME(ALL)
10. BE(ECE)(EEE)(E&I)
TECHNOLOGY USED AND FOR TRAINING IN
1. DOT NET
2. C sharp
3. ASP
4. VB
5. SQL SERVER
6. JAVA
7. J2EE
8. STRINGS
9. ORACLE
10. VB dotNET
11. EMBEDDED
12. MAT LAB
13. LAB VIEW
14. Multi Sim
CONTACT US
1 CRORE PROJECTS
Door No: 214/215,2nd Floor,
No. 172, Raahat Plaza, (Shopping Mall) ,Arcot Road, Vadapalani, Chennai,
Tamin Nadu, INDIA - 600 026
Email id: 1croreprojects@gmail.com
website:1croreprojects.com
Phone : +91 97518 00789 / +91 72999 51536
ECA MODEL BASED QOS AODV ROUTING FOR MANETSIJCNCJournal
Applications like banking, interactive multimedia, movie on demand, VOIP, etc., are delay sensitive by
nature. The QoS given to users will be affected by network delay, which can be mitigated by employing
QoS routing and efficient data transfer. To build routing table, normal AODV routing uses flooding
technique, which will not consider QoS requirements. Hence QoS based routing which is stable for the
entire application is essential, which understands the dynamic nature of the MANET and establishes the
required route, in minimum possible time. We have proposed an intelligent routing protocol based ECA
model and AODV for establishing QoS route.
The simulation results shows that the ECA model gives better results, while considering the local
connectivity time, source to destination connectivity time, number of data packets successfully delivered to
the destination, local and global error correction time, compared to AODV.
EEDTCA: Energy Efficient, Reduced Delay and Minimum Distributed Topology Cont...Editor IJCATR
Processing packets across Mobile Ad hoc Network, Topology control minimize interference among node in a network, increase the network capacity and extend lifetime of the network. Emerging research in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) says, there is a growing requirement of quality of service (QoS) in terms of delay. In order to resolve the delay problem, it is essential to consider topology control in delay constrained environment with energy efficient. In this paper, we discuss reduced delay and minimum distributed topology control algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks. In this proposed system, we study on the delay-constrained topology control problem, and take into account delay and energy efficiency. Simulation results are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of this new technique as compared to other approaches to topology control.
EEDTCA: Energy Efficient, Reduced Delay and Minimum Distributed Topology Cont...Editor IJCATR
Processing packets across Mobile Ad hoc Network, Topology control minimize interference among node in a network, increase the network capacity and extend lifetime of the network. Emerging research in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) says, there is a growing requirement of quality of service (QoS) in terms of delay. In order to resolve the delay problem, it is essential to consider topology control in delay constrained environment with energy efficient. In this paper, we discuss reduced delay and minimum distributed topology control algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks. In this proposed system, we study on the delay-constrained topology control problem, and take into account delay and energy efficiency. Simulation results are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of this new technique as compared to other approaches to topology control.
Analyzing the impact of the number of nodes on the performance of the routing...journalBEEI
Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are independent systems that can work without the requirement for unified controls, pre-setup to the paths/routes or advance communication structures. The nodes/hubs of a MANET are independently controlled, which permit them to behave unreservedly in a randomized way inside the MANET. The hubs can leave their MANET and join different MANETs whenever the need arises. These attributes, in any case, may contrarily influence the performance of the routing conventions (or protocols) and the general topology of the systems. Along these lines, MANETs include uniquely planned routing conventions that responsively as well as proactively carry out the routing. This paper assesses and looks at the effectiveness (or performance) of five directing conventions which are AOMDV, DSDV, AODV, DSR and OLSR in a MANET domain. The research incorporates executing a simulating environment to look at the operation of the routing conventions dependent on the variable number of hubs. Three evaluation indices are utilized: Throughput (TH), Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and End-to-End delay (E2E). The assessment outcomes indicate that the AODV beats other conventions in the majority of the simulated scenarios.
Authentication of Secure Data Transmission In Wireless RoutingIJERA Editor
The major objective of our work is to explore a security enhanced dynamic routing algorithm based on distributed routing information widely supported in existing wired and wireless networks. The message authentication is the main area to be considered in WSN’s. Most of the wireless networks are attacked for detecting the data’s that are transmitted in between the users. We aim at the randomization of delivery paths for data transmission to provide considerably small path similarity (i.e., the number of common links between two delivery paths) of two consecutive transmitted packets. The proposed algorithm should be easy to implement and compatible with popular routing protocols, such as the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) for wired networks and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) protocol for wireless networks over existing infrastructures. These protocols shall not increase the number of control messages if the proposed algorithm is adopted. An analytic study will be presented for the proposed routing algorithm, and a series of simulation study will be conducted to verify the analytic results and to show the capability of the proposed algorithm.
Bandwidth aware on demand multipath routing in manetsijwmn
Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are self configuring, decentralized and dynamic nature wireless
networks which have no infrastructure. These offer a number of advantages, however the demand of high
traffic flows in MANETs increases rapidly. For these demands, limited bandwidth of wireless network is the
important parameter that restrains the development of real time multimedia applications. In this work, we
propose a solution to utilize available bandwidth of the channel for on demand multiple disjoint paths. The
approximate bandwidth of a node is used to find the available bandwidth of the path. The source chooses
the primary route for data forwarding on the basis of path bandwidth. The simulation results show that the
proposed solution reduces the frequency of broadcast and performs well in improving the end to end
throughput, packet delivery ratio, and the end to end delay.
EFFECT OF PAUSE TIME AND NODES ON PERFORMANCE OF AODV AND DSR ROUTING PROTOCO...Editor IJMTER
A central challenge in designing of wireless ad hoc networks is the development of dynamic
routing protocols that can efficiently find routes between two communication nodes when nodes are
mobile. To accomplish this, a number of ad hoc routing protocols had been proposed and implemented.
In wireless ad hoc network the selected protocol should find best route which can insure packet delivery
and packet integrity. Performance evolution of the protocols is the key step before selecting a particular
protocol. In this paper, the performance is compared on Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV)
and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) at application layer by varying the pause time and number of nodes
using QualNet 5.0.2 simulator. The average jitter, end-to-end delay, throughput and packet delivery
fraction (PDF) are the four common measures used for the comparison of the performance of above
protocols. The experimental results show that DSR perform better in low load and high pause time but
in case of high load and less pause time AODV outperform DSR.
DETERMINING THE NETWORK THROUGHPUT AND FLOW RATE USING GSR AND AAL2Rijujournal
In multi-radio wireless mesh networks, one node is eligible to transmit packets over multiple channels to different destination nodes simultaneously. This feature of multi-radio wireless mesh network makes high throughput for the network and increase the chance for multi path routing. This is because the multiple channel availability for transmission decreases the probability of the most elegant problem called as interference problem which is either of interflow and intraflow type. For avoiding the problem like interference and maintaining the constant network performance or increasing the performance the WMN need to consider the packet aggregation and packet forwarding. Packet aggregation is process of collecting several packets ready for transmission and sending them to the intended recipient through the channel, while the packet forwarding holds the hop-by-hop routing. But choosing the correct path among different available multiple paths is most the important factor in the both case for a routing algorithm. Hence the most challenging factor is to determine a forwarding strategy which will provide the schedule for each node for transmission within the channel. In this research work we have tried to implement two forwarding strategies for the multi path multi radio WMN as the approximate solution for the above said problem. We have implemented Global State Routing (GSR) which will consider the packet forwarding concept and Aggregation Aware Layer 2 Routing (AAL2R) which considers the both concept i.e. both packet forwarding and packet aggregation. After the successful implementation the network performance has been measured by means of simulation study.
To accommodate real-time multimedia applications that achieve Quality of Service (QOS) requirements in
a wireless ad-hoc network, a QOS control mechanisms is needed. Correspondence over such networks
must consider other aspects in regard to network properties; that the time it takes to send a message and
reach its destination faces different variables from one message to the other in a short time. Therefore, the
equation of calculating the time required to resend the message must be able to contain the worst case and
acknowledges different features for the network. The objective of this paper is to improve retransmission
time calculation adaptability when occurring using Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) over wireless Ad
hoc networks. Hence, it aims to obtain more accurate time to ensure retransmission time occurring in
accordance to the network environment variables efficiently.
A Cross-Layer Based Multipath Routing Protocol To Improve QoS In Mobile Adhoc...IDES Editor
In Mobile ad hoc networks, due to the high packet loss rates
and frequent topological changes, the unbalanced transport
layer and reserved amount of traffic is carried out by the
network. In a QoS based routing metric for MANETs, it is
necessary to combine the minimum available bandwidth and
end-to-end delay along with the congestion around a link. In
this paper, a cross layer based multipath routing (CBMR)
protocol to improve QoS in mobile ad hoc networks to allot
weights to individual links, depending on the metrics link
quality, channel quality and end-to-end delay is developed. In
order to validate load balancing and interference between the
links using the same channel, the individual link weights are
integrated into a routing metric. Therefore, the weight value
helps the routing protocol to avoid the routing traffic through
the congested area hence the traffic is balanced and the
network capacity is improved. Then the proportion of traffic
to be routed to each neighbor is selected to execute routing
such that the weight of the node is a minimum. We also
propose an enhanced TCP congestion control mechanism for
wireless networks, based on a cross-layer scheme. By our
simulation results, the robustness of our protocol achieves
increased packet delivery ratio with reduced latency was
demonstrated.
Presentatie over het onderzoek op het gebied van social media binnen de makelaarsbranche en wat Nederland Internet kan betekenen voor WitteWoning Makelaars op het gebied van social media.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
SNR/RP Aware Routing Algorithm: Cross-Layer Design for MANETSijwmn
Routing in MANET is complex due to the fact that the network graph is episodically connected and nodes get only intermittently connected because of nodes mobility, terrain, weather, and jamming that change topology rapidly. In this paper, we propose cross-layer design to achieve a reliable data transmission in MANET. A key challenge is to create a mechanism that can provide good delivery performance and high quality of service in intermittent networks. The key components of our approach include a cross-layer design (CLD) to improve information sharing between different protocol layers. In order to improve the end-to-end performance of MANET, we present mechanism that allows the network layer to adjust its routing protocol dynamically based on SNR and Received Power along the end-to-end routing path for each transmission link. We evaluate our approach using one of common MANET routing protocols, DSR, to illustrate that our CLD improved the performance of DSR.
SNR/RP Aware Routing Algorithm: Cross-Layer Design for MANETSijwmn
Routing in MANET is complex due to the fact that the network graph is episodically connected and nodes get only intermittently connected because of nodes mobility, terrain, weather, and jamming that change topology rapidly. In this paper, we propose cross-layer design to achieve a reliable data transmission in MANET. A key challenge is to create a mechanism that can provide good delivery performance and high quality of service in intermittent networks. The key components of our approach include a cross-layer design (CLD) to improve information sharing between different protocol layers. In order to improve the end-to-end performance of MANET, we present mechanism that allows the network layer to adjust its routing protocol dynamically based on SNR and Received Power along the end-to-end routing path for each transmission link. We evaluate our approach using one of common MANET routing protocols, DSR, to illustrate that our CLD improved the performance of DSR
Performance evaluation of MANET routing protocols based on QoS and energy p...IJECEIAES
Routing selection and supporting Quality of Service (QoS) are fundamental problems in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Many different protocols have been proposed in the literature and some performance simulations are made to address this challenging task. This paper discusses the performance evaluation and comparison of two typical routing protocols; Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Destination-Sequenced DistanceVector (DSDV) based on measuring the power consumption in network with varing of the QoS parameters. In this paper, we have studied and analyzed the impact of variations in QoS parameter combined with the choice of routing protocol, on network performance. The network performance is measured in terms of average throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), average jitter and energy consumption. The simulations are carried out in NS-3. The simulation results show that DSDV and AODV routing protocols are less energy efficient. The main aim of this paper is to highlight the directions for the future design of routing protocol which would be better than the existing ones in terms of energy utilization and delivery ratio.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF IMPROVED DSR WITH DSR, AODV AND DSDV R...ijp2p
Mobile Ad-hoc networks are categorized by multi-hop wireless connectivity and numbers of nodes are
connecting each other through wireless network. It includes several routing protocols specifically designed
for ad-hoc routing. The most widely used ad hoc routing protocols are Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector
(AODV), Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV), and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). In this
paper, we present an analysis of DSR protocol and propose our algorithm to improve the performance of
DSR protocol by using small delay applied on last route ACK path when an original route fails in Mobile
Ad Hoc networks. Past researchers the MANET have focused on simulation study by varying network
parameters, such as network size, number of nodes. The simulation results shows that the M-DSR protocol
having some excellent performance Metrics then other protocols. We have taken different performance
parameters over the comparison of Modified -DSR with other three protocols in mobility as well as Nonmobility scenario up to 300 nodes in MANETs using NS2 simulator. To achieve this goal DSR is modified
by using modified algorithm technique in order to load balancing, to avoid congestion and lower packet
delivery.
ENHANCING STUDENTS’ LEARNING AND SATISFACTION THROUGH THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIAIJITE
Communication in and out the classroom is an essential component for education. As the technology
emerges, there is a need to adopt to the new technologies to enhance students’ learning experience. Social
media technologies provide informal communication methods that promote student engagement and
satisfaction by removing communication barriers. In this paper, we report our experience in using different
social media technologies to enhance students’ learning experience and satisfaction with the course. We
perform our experiment in software project management course and conduct a survey to assess the
students’ perspective towards using these different social media technologies in enhancing their learning
and satisfaction. Results show that students are satisfied and feel that their learning experience has
improved when using social media for class communication.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF IMPROVED DSR WITH DSR, AODV AND DSDV R...ijp2p
Mobile Ad-hoc networks are categorized by multi-hop wireless connectivity and numbers of nodes are connecting each other through wireless network. It includes several routing protocols specifically designed for ad-hoc routing. The most widely used ad hoc routing protocols are Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV), and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). In this paper, we present an analysis of DSR protocol and propose our algorithm to improve the performance of DSR protocol by using small delay applied on last route ACK path when an original route fails in Mobile Ad Hoc networks. Past researchers the MANET have focused on simulation study by varying network parameters, such as network size, number of nodes. The simulation results shows that the M-DSR protocol
having some excellent performance Metrics then other protocols. We have taken different performance parameters over the comparison of Modified -DSR with other three protocols in mobility as well as Nonmobility scenario up to 300 nodes in MANETs using NS2 simulator. To achieve this goal DSR is modified by using modified algorithm technique in order to load balancing, to avoid congestion and lower packet
delivery.
Our area of interest for the paper is the improvement of performance of DSR routing protocol by
changing in algorithm and this Improved DSR protocol should compare with remaining protocols
taken in this research paper.
2. In this paper we made changesin traditional DSR protocol and generation of new improved DSR the
different performance parameters and compare with AODV/DSR/DSDV protocols in mobility and
non- mobility scenarios nodes up to 300.
3. We can plot the graphs throughput, End to end Delay, Packet delivery Ratio, Dropping Ratio, and
average energy consumption on Mobility and Non-Mobility scenario by using Network Simulator
version 2.34 for Modified DSR protocols. M-DSR, DSDV perform well when Mobility is low.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF IMPROVED DSR WITH DSR, AODV AND DSDV R...ijp2p
Mobile Ad-hoc networks are categorized by multi-hop wireless connectivity and numbers of nodes are
connecting each other through wireless network. It includes several routing protocols specifically designed
for ad-hoc routing. The most widely used ad hoc routing protocols are Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector
(AODV), Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV), and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). In this
paper, we present an analysis of DSR protocol and propose our algorithm to improve the performance of
DSR protocol by using small delay applied on last route ACK path when an original route fails in Mobile
Ad Hoc networks. Past researchers the MANET have focused on simulation study by varying network
parameters, such as network size, number of nodes. The simulation results shows that the M-DSR protocol
having some excellent performance Metrics then other protocols. We have taken different performance
parameters over the comparison of Modified -DSR with other three protocols in mobility as well as Nonmobility scenario up to 300 nodes in MANETs using NS2 simulator. To achieve this goal DSR is modified
by using modified algorithm technique in order to load balancing, to avoid congestion and lower packet
delivery.
In this modern era, Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is widely used for its mobility and self-configuring
features. Hence, a better security approach is needed for maintaining high level network performance in
mobile ad hoc network. This paper presents the comparative analysis of quality of service (QoS) of MANET
protocols. In this regard, three types of most widely used protocols, named, Ad hoc On-demand Distance
Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) have
been used to analyze. Therefore, AODV is selected in distributed ad hoc setting for the path discovery.
Also, AODV is a reactive improvement of Dynamic Destination Sequence Vector (DSDV) protocol. On the
other hand, the number of route broadcast is decreased by source routes on demand in AODV, which is
opposite of DSDV algorithm. In this research, the quality of service parameters of network paths are also
included to develop trust in the links to defend from various attacks. Moreover, a comparative analysis of
delay, congestion, packet losses, transit time between source and destination is illustrated on AODV and
DSR. In simulation time, packet drop-outs and link failures for probe packets are examined and analyzed
under network attack.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON ROUTING PROTOCOLS OF MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKijcseit
In this modern era, Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is widely used for its mobility and self-configuring
features. Hence, a better security approach is needed for maintaining high level network performance in
mobile ad hoc network. This paper presents the comparative analysis of quality of service (QoS) of MANET
protocols. In this regard, three types of most widely used protocols, named, Ad hoc On-demand Distance
Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) have
been used to analyze. Therefore, AODV is selected in distributed ad hoc setting for the path discovery.
Also, AODV is a reactive improvement of Dynamic Destination Sequence Vector (DSDV) protocol. On the
other hand, the number of route broadcast is decreased by source routes on demand in AODV, which is
opposite of DSDV algorithm. In this research, the quality of service parameters of network paths are also
included to develop trust in the links to defend from various attacks. Moreover, a comparative analysis of
delay, congestion, packet losses, transit time between source and destination is illustrated on AODV and
DSR. In simulation time, packet drop-outs and link failures for probe packets are examined and analyzed
under network attack.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON ROUTING PROTOCOLS OF MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKijcseit
In this modern era, Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is widely used for its mobility and self-configuring
features. Hence, a better security approach is needed for maintaining high level network performance in
mobile ad hoc network. This paper presents the comparative analysis of quality of service (QoS) of MANET
protocols. In this regard, three types of most widely used protocols, named, Ad hoc On-demand Distance
Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) have
been used to analyze. Therefore, AODV is selected in distributed ad hoc setting for the path discovery.
Also, AODV is a reactive improvement of Dynamic Destination Sequence Vector (DSDV) protocol. On the
other hand, the number of route broadcast is decreased by source routes on demand in AODV, which is
opposite of DSDV algorithm. In this research, the quality of service parameters of network paths are also
included to develop trust in the links to defend from various attacks. Moreover, a comparative analysis of
delay, congestion, packet losses, transit time between source and destination is illustrated on AODV and
DSR. In simulation time, packet drop-outs and link failures for probe packets are examined and analyzed
under network attack.
Simulation based comparison of routing protocols in wireless multihop ad hoc ...IJECEIAES
Routing protocols are responsible for providing reliable communication between the source and destination nodes. The performance of these protocols in the ad hoc network family is influenced by several factors such as mobility model, traffic load, transmission range, and the number of mobile nodes which represents a great issue. Several simulation studies have explored routing protocol with performance parameters, but few relate to various protocols concerning routing and quality of service (QoS) metrics. This paper presents a simulation-based comparison of proactive, reactive, and multipath routing protocols in mobile adhoc networks (MANETs). Specifically, the performance of AODV, DSDV, and AOMDV protocols are evaluated and analyzed in the presence of varying the number of mobile nodes, pause time, and traffic connection numbers. Moreover, Routing and QoS performance metrics such as normalized routing load, routing packet, packet delivery ratio, packet drop, end-to-end delay, and throughput are measured to conduct a performance comparison between three routing protocols. Simulation results indicate that AODV outperforms the DSDV and AOMDV protocols in most of the metrics. AOMDV is better than DSDV in terms of end-to-end delay. DSDV provides lower throughput performance results. Network topology parameters have a slight impact on AODV performance.
Quality of Service Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Location and Energ...ijwmn
Mobile Ad hoc Networks are highly dynamic networks. Quality of Service (QoS) routing in such networks is usually limited by the network breakage due to either node mobility or energy depletion of the mobile nodes. Also, to fulfill certain quality parameters, presence of multiple node-disjoint paths becomes essential. Such paths aid in the optimal traffic distribution and reliability in case of path breakages. Thus, to cater such problem, we present a node-disjoint multipath protocol. The metric used to select the paths takes into account the stability of the nodes and the corresponding links. The proposed technique is also illustrated with an example.
TRANSMISSION POWER AND QUALITY OF SERVICE IN MANET ROUTING PROTOCOLSijwmn
Wireless communication is significantly influenced by the Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), which
consists of nodes like mobile phones, tablets, computers, or other devices that can connect with one
another. MANET is a decentralized network that communicates without using any specified infrastructure.
The lack of battery power in this multihop network with no infrastructure is problematic. As a result,
proper transmission power utilization must be considered. Transmission power significantly impacts the
data dissemination of different routing protocols used in this MANET environment. By taking this issue into
account, the performance of routing protocols is examined based on different transmission power settings.
The packet delivery ratio (PDR), packet loss (PL), jitter, and Dealy all play a role in determining network
service quality. This study investigates how transmission power impacts MANET routing protocols’ quality
of Service (QoS). The MANET routing protocols investigated in this study include AODV, OLSR, DSDV,
and DSR. NS3 is used to create the simulation environment. According to this analysis, AODV outperforms
other routing protocols in overall performance.
TRANSMISSION POWER AND QUALITY OF SERVICE IN MANET ROUTING PROTOCOLSijwmn
Wireless communication is significantly influenced by the Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), which consists of nodes like mobile phones, tablets, computers, or other devices that can connect with one another. MANET is a decentralized network that communicates without using any specified infrastructure. The lack of battery power in this multihop network with no infrastructure is problematic. As a result, proper transmission power utilization must be considered. Transmission power significantly impacts the data dissemination of different routing protocols used in this MANET environment. By taking this issue into account, the performance of routing protocols is examined based on different transmission power settings. The packet delivery ratio (PDR), packet loss (PL), jitter, and Dealy all play a role in determining network service quality. This study investigates how transmission power impacts MANET routing protocols’ quality of Service (QoS). The MANET routing protocols investigated in this study include AODV, OLSR, DSDV, and DSR. NS3 is used to create the simulation env
QUALITY OF SERVICE ROUTING IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS USING LOCATION AND ENERG...ijwmn
Mobile Ad hoc Networks are highly dynamic networks. Quality of Service (QoS) routing in such networks is usually limited by the network breakage due to either node mobility or energy depletion of the mobile nodes. Also, to fulfill certain quality parameters, presence of multiple node-disjoint paths becomes essential. Such paths aid in the optimal traffic distribution and reliability in case of path breakages. Thus, to cater such problem, we present a node-disjoint multi path protocol. The metric used to select the paths takes into account the stability of the nodes and the corresponding links. The proposed technique is also illustrated with an example.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
2. routing protocols has been observed in group mobility model
by varying mobility speeds. The result of AODV is better than
DSR in CBR traffic and real time delivery of data, but DSR
perform better in TCP traffic under restriction of bandwidth.
In [8] on different mobility scenarios the performance
comparison of AODV, DSR, OLSR and ZRP in WIMAX
environment has been conducted. The simulation result on
different QoS metrics shows that AODV, ZRP perform better
than DSR and OLSR. The performance of AODV and DSR
routing protocols in wireless sensor network with varying load
by varying number of sources and mobility speeds on 50 and
100 nodes scenario has been simulated in [9]. Their results
indicate AODV perform better than DSR when node density
and traffic load is low otherwise DSR delivers good
performance. In [10] a simulation based performance
comparison of DSDV and DSR routing protocols with
variation in number of nodes with fixed transmission range
250m has been analyzed and it has observed from their results
that DSR outperforms DSDV. The throughput and delay
comparison of AODV, FISHEYE, DYMO and STAR routing
protocols with varying number of nodes has been simulated in
[11]. Their results show that AODV, DYMO and Bellman
ford protocols are having higher end to end delays than others.
A simulation based performance analysis on AODV, TORA,
OLSR and DSR routing protocols for voice communication
support over hybrid MANETs has been conducted in [12]. The
result shows that overall performance of OLSR is best as all
QoS parameters has favorable results. The performance of
TORA is less than OLSR and AODV but its performance is
better than the performance of DSR. DSR protocol has
minimum throughput and maximum end-to-end-delay with
highest jitter and all these factors make this protocol
unsuitable for voice transmission. The impact of mobility with
all parameters on DSR and DSDV by varying mobility speeds
and number of nodes with 250m transmission range has been
analyzed in [13]. The result shows that DSR outperforms
DSDV in all QoS parameters. The performance of AODV,
DSDV and DSR routing protocols by varying pause time and
mobility speed is analyzed in [14]. The observations of
simulation analysis show that AODV is preferred over DSR
and DSDV. In [15] impact of scalability on QoS Parameters
such as packet delivery ratio, end to end delay, routing
overhead, throughput and jitter has been analyzed by varying
number of nodes, packet size, time interval between packets
and mobility rates on AODV,DSR and DSDV has been
analyzed. The result shows that AODV protocol is QoS-aware
routing protocol under the impact of scalability in terms of
variation in number of nodes, mobility rate and packet
intervals. With the increase in network size, the performance
of DSR decreases due to increase in packet-header overhead
size as data and control packets in DSR typically carry
complete route information. Performance of DSDV is not
good at all.
The performance of AODV, DSDV and DSR routing
protocols in different mobility speeds with fixed nodes has
been analyzed in [16]. After analysing in different situations
of network, it is observed that AODV performs better than
DSDV and DSR. In [17] the performance of AODV and
DSDV routing protocols by varying transmission range and
simulation time has been analyzed. It is observed that the
transmission range as a system parameter affects the overall
energy consumption of wireless ad hoc networks. In [18] the
performance comparison of AODV, DSDV and DSR routing
protocols by varying number of nodes, pause time, mobility
speed and fixed transmission range 250m has been evaluated.
The result shows that AODV and DSR are proved to be better
than DSDV. In [19] the performance of transport layer
protocols TCP and UDP on AODV, DSDV, TORA and DSR
routing protocols in multicast environment by varying pause
time with 50 nodes scenario has been simulated. The result
indicates that TCP is not appropriate transport protocol for
highly mobile multi hop networks and UDP is preferred. In
this paper, we have analyzed the impact on certain QoS
parameters by taking variation in transmission range, mobility
and number of nodes on routing protocols (AODV, DSR and
DSDV).The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section
2 covers an overview of routing protocols, Section 3 describes
QoS based performance metrics, Section 4, simulation
analysis and result discussion is presented and Section 5
concludes this paper with discussions.
III. Overview of Routing Protocols
Routing protocols for MANETs have been classified
according to the strategies of discovering and maintaining
routes into three classes: proactive, reactive and Hybrid [20].
Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV):
DSDV is a table-driven routing [21] scheme for MANETs.
The Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV) Routing
Algorithm is based on the idea of the classical Bellman-Ford
Routing Algorithm with certain improvements. Every mobile
station maintains a routing table that lists all available
destinations, the number of hops to reach the destination and
the sequence number assigned by the destination node. The
sequence number is used to distinguish stale routes from new
ones and thus avoid the formation of loops.
Dynamic Source Routing (DSR): DSR is an on-demand
protocol designed to restrict the bandwidth consumed by
control packets in ad hoc wireless networks by eliminating the
periodic table-update messages required in the table-driven
approach [22]. The major difference between this and other
on-demand routing protocols is that it is beacon-less and hence
does not require periodic hello packet (beacon) transmission,
which are used by a node to inform its neighbors of its
presence. The basic approach of this protocol (and all other
on-demand routing protocols) during the route construction
phase is to establish a route by flooding Route Request
packets in the network. The destination node, on receiving a
Route Request packet, responds by sending a Route Reply
packet back to the source, which carries the route traversed by
the Route Request packet received.
Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV): AODV
routing protocol is also based upon distance vector, and uses
destination numbers to determine the freshness of routes.
AODV minimizes the number of broadcasts by creating routes
on-demand as opposed to DSDV that maintains the list of the
entire routes. To find a path to the destination, the source
broadcasts a route request packet. The neighbors in turn
broadcast the packet to their neighbors till it reaches an
202
3. intermediate node that has recent route information about the
destination or till it reaches the destination. A node discards a
route request packet that it has already seen. The route request
packet uses sequence numbers to ensure that the routes are
loop free and to make sure that if the intermediate nodes reply
to route requests, they reply with the latest information only.
IV. QoS Based Performance Metrics
The performance metrics includes the QoS parameters
such as Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Throughput, End to End
Delay, Routing Overhead and Jitter.
Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR): PDR also known as the
ratio of the data packets delivered to the destinations to those
generated by the CBR sources. This metric characterizes both
the completeness and correctness of the routing protocol.
100*
1
1
¦
¦
= n
n
CBRsent
CBRrece
PDR
Average End to End Delay: Average End to End delay is
the average time taken by a data packet to reach from source
node to destination node. It is ratio of total delay to the
number of packets received.
100*
)(
____
1
1
¦
¦ −
= n
n
CBRrece
eCBRsenttimeCBRrecetim
DelayEndtoEndAvg
Throughput: Throughput is the ratio of total number of
delivered or received data packets to the total duration of
simulation time.
timesimulation
CBRrece
Throughput
n
¦
= 1
Normalized Protocol Overhead/ Routing Load: Routing
Load is the ratio of total number of the routing packets to the
total number of received data packets at destination.
¦
¦=
CBRrece
RTRPacket
LoadRouting _
V. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The performance of AODV, DSDV and DSR has been
analyzed with varying transmission range, mobility and
number of nodes on routing protocols AODV, DSR and
DSDV. The parameters used for simulation are summarized in
Table 1 and positioning of 25 and 50 nodes is illustrated in
Figure 1 and Figure 2. The performance metrics comprises of
QoS parameters such as packet delivery ratio, end to end
delay, routing overhead and throughput.
TABLE I. Simulation Parameters
Parameters Values
No of Node 25, 50
Simulation Time 10 sec
Environment Size 1200x1200
Traffic Size CBR (Constant Bit Rate)
Queue Length 50
Source Node Node 0
Destination Node Node 2
Mobility Model Random Waypoint
Antenna Type Omni Directional
Simulator NS-2.34
Mobility Speed 500, 1000, 2000 m/s
Transmission Range
(in meters)
150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550
and 600
Operating System Linux Enterprise Edition-5
Figure 1 Initial Positioning of 25 Nodes
Figure 2 Initial Positioning of 50 Nodes.
A Packet Delivery Ratio
AODV is having the highest packet delivery ratio as
compared to other protocols as depicted in Figure 3 and Figure
4. It has been observed that AODV with mobility rate 2000m/s
with transmission range 600m in both 25 nodes and 50 nodes
scenario has best packet delivery ratio. On the other hand,
DSDV shows poor performance in packet delivery ratio in
both 25 nodes and 50 nodes scenario because of its table
203
4. driven approach. DSDV shows its best packet delivery ratio
when mobility in lowest. DSR is better than DSDV because it
is reactive but shows lower packet delivery ratio as compared
to AODV. DSR shows consistent increment in packet delivery
ratio when mobility is 1000m/s with variation in transmission
range from 150m to 600m .
Figure 3 Impact of Varying Transmission Range and Mobility Rate on the
Packet Delivery Ratio for 25 nodes.
Figure 4 Impact of Varying Transmission Range and Mobility Rate on the
Packet Delivery Ratio for 50 nodes.
B End to End delay
As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 average end to end
delay of DSDV protocol remains very low at almost all
communication ranges and mobility speeds in both 25 and 50
nodes scenario. In AODV protocol it is higher than both the
other protocols in both 25 and 50 node scenario. For 25 nodes
DSR protocol shows very less average end to end delay on
ranges below 300m, at 400m and at 500m. In 50 nodes
scenario DSR protocol shows very low average end to end
delay on ranger between 150m to 200m and between 300m to
400m in highly mobile environment.
Figure 5 Impact of Varying Transmission Range and Mobility Rate on the
Average End to End Delay for 25 nodes.
Figure 6 Impact of Varying Transmission Range and Mobility Rate on the
Average End To End Delay for 50 nodes.
C Throughput
The results analyzed from Figure 7 and Figure 8 indicates
throughput provided by the three different protocols with CBR
connection of various transmission ranges and mobility speeds
204
5. in 25 nodes and 50 nodes scenario. With highest mobility and
550m transmission range DSR having the highest average
throughput as compared to AODV and DSDV routing
protocols in both 25 nodes and 50 nodes scenario. As observed
from results AODV performed better in terms of average
throughput as compared to DSR and DSDV when mobility is
lowest 500m/s or highest 2000m/s.
Figure 7 Impact of Varying Transmission Range and Mobility Rate on
Throughput for 25 nodes.
Figure 8 Impact of Varying Transmission Range and Mobility Rate on
Throughput for 50 nodes.
D Routing Overhead
As observed from Figure 9 and Figure 10 the routing
overhead of DSR is more than the others protocols. On
different protocols the routing overhead depending on their
internal efficiency, and thus protocol efficiency may or may
not directly affect data routing performance. If control and
data traffic share the same channel, and the channels capacity
is limited, then excessive control traffic often impacts data
routing performance. In both 25 nodes and 50 nodes scenario
we can see that DSR Protocol has highest routing overhead
unless it uses transmission range more than 550m. Routing
overhead in AODV Protocol is inversely proportional to
transmission range. When the transmission range is highest,
routing overhead is minimum and at lowest transmission range
routing overhead in maximum. DSDV protocol is performing
better than DSR protocol when transmission range is below
450m.
Figure 9 Impact of Varying Transmission Range and Mobility Rate on
Routing Overhead for 25 nodes.
Figure 10 Impact of Varying Transmission Range and Mobility Rate on
Routing Overhead for 50 nodes.
VI. CONCLUSION
The transmission range, mobility and different number of
nodes as a system parameter affects the overall energy
consumption and performance of wireless ad-hoc networks.
The performance of these three routing protocols shows some
differences by varying transmission range, mobility speed and
205
6. number of nodes. From our experimental analysis we conclude
that AODV has maximum packet delivery ratio and maximum
throughput, it is directly proportionate to transmission range.
AODV has minimum routing overhead than DSR and DSDV
but average end to end delay is maximum in AODV which
decreases its performance to some extent. DSR is the best
protocol as compared to AODV and DSDV protocols when
transmission range is 550m with highest mobility. DSR has
maximum routing overhead except highest or lowest
transmission range. Performance of DSDV is poor throughout
because of its table driven approach and periodic table
exchange. We compare the three protocols in the analyzed
scenario, we found that overall performance of AODV is
better than DSR and DSDV routing protocols. The
performance enhanced in higher transmission range and higher
mobile environment. Our results can be used to determine the
proper radio transmission range in different mobility speed
environments for the proactive routing protocol such as DSDV
and reactive routing protocols such as AODV and DSR in
wireless ad hoc networks without degrading a system
performance.
REFERENCES
[1] Nadia Qasim, Fatin Said, Hamid Aghvami, “Mobile Ad Hoc
Networks Simulations Using Routing Protocols for Performance
Comparisons”, Proceedings of the World Congress on
Engineering 2008 vol I WCE 2008, London, U.K, July 2 - 4,
2008.
[2] Mr. Rajneesh Gujral, Dr. Anil Kapil “Secure QoS Enabled On-
Demand Link-State Multipath Routing in MANETS”
Proceeding of BAIP 2010, SPRINGER LNCS-CCIS,
Trivandrum, Kerala, India, March 26-27, 2010, pp. 250-257.
[3] MANET. IETF mobile Ad-hoc Network Working Group,
MANET. http://www.ietf.org /html.charters /manet -
charter.html.
[4] J. Gomez. “Energy-Efficient Routing and Control Mechanisms
for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks”, Ph.D. Thesis, Columbia
University, NewYork, December 2002.
[5] Rahman, A., and Zukarnain, Z., “Performance Comparison of
AODV, DSDV and I-DSDV Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad-
hoc Networks”, European Journal of Scientific Research, vol
31(4), 2009, pp. 566–576.
[6] Usop, N., Abdullah, A., and Abidin, A., “Performance
Evaluation of AODV, DSDV and DSR routing Protocol in Grid
Environment”, International Journal of Computer and Network
Security, vol. 9(7), 2009.
[7] Harminder S. Bindra, Sunil K. Maakar and Sangal, A.L.,
“ Performance Evaluation of Two Reactive Routing Protocols of
MANET using Group Mobility Model”, International Journal of
Computer Science Issues (IJCSI), vol. 7(10), May 2010.
[8] Anwar, F., Azad, M., Rahman,M., and Uddin,M., “Performance
Analysis of Ad-hoc Routing Protocols in Mobile WiMAX
Environment,”IAENG International Journal of Computer
Science, vol. 35(3), 2008, pp. 353–359.
[9] Vivek Thaper, Bindyia Jain, and Varsha Sahni, “Performance
analysis of ad hoc routing protocols using random waypoint
mobility model in wireless sensor networks”, International
Journal on Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE), August
2011.
[10] Rajeshwar Singh, Dharmendra K Singh and Lalan Kumar,
“Performance Evaluation of DSR and DSDV Routing Protocols
for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks”, International journal of
Advanced Networking and Applications, vol.2 (4),2011, pp.732-
737.
[11] Boomarani Malany,A.,Sarma Dhulipala, V.R., and
Chandrasekaran, RM , “Throughput and Delay Comparison of
MANET Routing Protocols” ,International Journal of Open
Problems Compt. Math, vol. 2(3), September 2009.
[12] Rajneesh Kumar Gujral, and Manpreet “Performance Analysis
of Ad hoc Routing Protocols for Voice Communication Support
over Hybrid MANETs”, International Journal of Computer
Applications(IJCA), vol. 22(3), May 2011.
[13] Bhavyesh Divecha, Ajith Abraham, Crina Grosan and Sugata
Sanyal, “Impact of Node Mobility on MANET Routing
Protocols Models”, Journal of Digital Information Management,
vol. 5(1), February 2007.
[14] Anurag Malik, Shivanshu Rastogi and Sajendra Kumar,
“Performance Analysis of Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc
Network using NS-2”, MIT International Journal of Computer
Science & Information Technology Vol. 11, January. 2011, pp.
47-50.
[15] Rajneesh Kumar Gujral, Manpreet Singh "Analyzing the
Impact of Scalability on QoS Aware Routing for MANETs "
International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI), vol.
8(3), May 2011, pp no. 487-495.
[16] Anil Kumar Sharma and Neha Bhatia, “ Behavioral Study of
MANET Routing Protocols by using NS-2”, IJCEM
International Journal of Computational Engineering &
Management, vol. 12, April 2011.
[17] Arivubrakan P. and Sarma Dhulipala V.R., “QoS Enhancement
by varying Transmission Range in Wireless Ad-hoc Networks”,
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887),
vol. 37(9), January 2012.
[18] Tyagi S.S. and Chauhan R.K., “Performance Analysis of
Proactive and Reactive Routing Protocols for Ad hoc
Networks”, International Journal of Computer Applications, vol.
1(14), 2010.
[19] Karthiga G., Benitha Christinal J., Jeban Chandir Moses,
“Performance Analysis of Various Ad hoc Routing Protocols in
Multicast Environment”, IJCST vol. 2(1), March 2011.
[20] Abolhasan, M., T. Wysocki, and E. Dutkiewciz, “A review of
routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks” Elsevier journal
of Ad hoc networks, vol. 12(1), 2004, pp. 1-22.
[21] David .B Johnson, David. A. Maltz, and Josh Broch, “ Dynamic
Source Routing protocol for Multihop Wireless Ad Hoc
Networks,” In Ad Hoc Networking, edited by Charles E. Perkins
Addison-Wesley, chapter 5, 2001, pp. 139-172.
[22] S.R. Das, R. Castaneda, J. Yan, R. Sengupta, “Comparative
Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad
hoc Networks,” Proceedings of the international Conference On
Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN 1998), 1998,
pp.153-161.
206