ppt on immunizations for nursing student

1. IMMUNIZATION
 Submitted to
 Respected paraveen William
 Faculty College of Nursing
vmmc & sjh
 Submitted by
 Mehroon nissa
 Enrollment No : 75250306619
 Bsc (H) Nursing 4th year

2. DEFINATION OF IMMUNIZATION
 It is the process of rendering the subject immune by
inoculating with a specific antigen which induces an
immune response.

3. Types of Immunity
 Active immunity;
 It is produced by administering vaccine or toxoid.
 Long lasting.
 Passive immunity;
 It is produced by administering immunoglobulins
 This produces immediate protection which only lasts for
some weeks or month

4. Herd Immunity
 Herd immunity exists if the number of people in a
community who have active immunity against an infection
exceeds a critical level .
 If this level is achieved then even non-vaccinated
individuals are protected from getting the disease .

5. Vaccine
 The vaccine is usually a protein similar to part of a
virulent infectious organism that can be recognized by the
individual’s immune system, which then produces
antibodies or cell-mediated immunity against the antigen
in the vaccine .

6. Type of Vaccines
 Live attenuated vaccine
 A virulent organism is weakened so that it produces an
antigenic response without the serious consequences of a
wild organism infection .
 Killed or inactivated vaccines
 Prepared from preformed antigen inactivated by heat, phenol
, formaldehyde or some other means.
 Conjugated Vaccines
 Conjugated with other antigens in an attempt to improve the
immunological response.
 Toxoids
 These are toxins , which have been rendered non-toxic by
treatment with formaldehyde, but their antigenicity is
maintained.

7. Antibacterial Vaccines
 Live attenuated bacteria:
 BCG, oral typhoid
 Killed bacteria:
 Pertussis , Cholera and injectable typhoid.
 Toxoids:
 Diphtheria, Tetanus.
 Polysaccharide vaccines :
 Meningococcal, Pneumococcal, H. Influenzae type b.

8. Antiviral Vaccines
 Live attenuated virus:
 Oral poliomyelitis, measles , mumps, rubella, and yellow
fever.
 Completely inactivated virus:
 Influenza, injectable polio, Rabies.
 Genetically engineered vaccines:
 Hepatitis B

9. Expanded Program on Immunization
of India- Launched in 1974

11. EPI Schedule

12. Oral Vaccines
 Oral Polio Vaccine
 Dose: 2 drops
 Rotavirus Vaccines
 Dose: 1.5 ml Prefilled
syringe

13. Injectable Vaccines
 Intradermal
 BCG
 Dose: 0.05ml
 Intramuscular
 Pentavalent
 Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis B,
H.Influenza Type b
 Pneumococcal
 Injectable Polio Vaccine
 Subcutaneous
 Measles
Dose 0.5ml

14. Contraindications
Live vaccines are contraindicated in
Immune deficient children
Children on steroids and chemotherapy
Children with Organ transplant
House hold members of above children
Within 6 weeks of receiving immunoglobulins
Pertussis is contraindicated in
Epilepsy
Encephalopathy
All
Anaphylactic reaction to previous vaccines.
High grade fever above 102F

15. Adverse Effects
 Fever
 Swelling, redness or pain at vaccination site
 Deep abscess (BCG)
 Lymphadenopathy (BCG)
 Generalized TB in immunocompromised children(BCG, rare)
 Vaccine induced Paralytic polio in immunocompromised
children(BCG1:6million)
 Inconsolable cry (pertussis)

16. Non-EPI Vaccines
 Mumps
 Rubella
 Meningococcal
 Typhoid
 Cholera
 Hepatitis A
 Varicella
 Rabies

17. THANK YOU