The document discusses immunity and the immune system, describing how immunity protects the body from pathogens through physical barriers, inflammation, and specialized immune cells and antibodies that recognize and destroy invading microorganisms. It also provides information on infectious diseases, Koch's postulates for identifying pathogens, and an herbal remedy from Planet Ayurveda called Immune Magic Capsules that is said to boost immunity.
Immune system is our defense mechanism which provides protection against various infections and ailments. Low immunity is the root cause for all the problems so Planet Ayurveda presents a fabulous herbal formulation for enhancing immunity power.
The document discusses immunity and the immune system. It explains that immunity is the body's ability to fight off pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. The immune system produces antibodies and cells that can deactivate pathogens. It describes the different lines of defense - the innate immune system which uses physical and chemical barriers, the inflammatory response, and the adaptive immune system including B cells, T cells, macrophages and lymphocytes that produce antibodies and remember each pathogen. It provides details on antigens, antibodies, active and passive immunity.
The document summarizes the body's immune defenses against infection. It describes two main types of immunity: innate immunity, which provides nonspecific defenses like skin barriers and phagocytes; and acquired (adaptive) immunity, which develops after exposure and provides pathogen-specific responses using B cells, T cells, antibodies, and immunological memory. The immune system uses successive lines of defense, from physical barriers and phagocytes to inflammation and antibodies, to protect the body. Vaccines help produce active immunity by exposing the immune system to weakened or killed pathogens.
White blood cells defend the body against disease and are comprised of lymphocytes and phagocytes. Phagocytes engulf and digest waste, bacteria, and foreign bodies to provide innate immunity as the body's first line of defense, while lymphocytes are smaller white blood cells that produce antibodies and aid immune responses to fight infection. The nucleus of lymphocytes is larger than in phagocytes, whose nucleus is lobed.
natural resistance of body against infectionzainabsarfraz4
The first line of defense against infection includes physical and chemical barriers. The physical barriers are the skin, mucous membranes, hair, cilia, and openings of the body like the mouth, nose, eyes, etc. The chemical barriers include lysozyme in tears and saliva, gastric juice in the stomach, acidity on the skin, and substances in places like the vagina, digestive tract, and urinary tract. Together these barriers prevent pathogens from entering the body and provide protection against infection.
The document discusses the immune system and how it protects the body from infectious diseases. It describes how the immune system works like an army with different blood cells performing different jobs to fight infections. The immune system is connected to and protects all body systems. It is located throughout the body and in white blood cells. Eating healthy foods, getting vaccinated, and consuming vitamins C and E can help protect the immune system.
The immune system protects the body from infection through a complex network of interacting cells and molecules. It includes both non-specific defenses that provide immediate protection, and specific adaptive defenses that develop over time through vaccination or exposure to pathogens. The adaptive immune system includes B cells that produce antibodies, T cells that coordinate immune responses, and phagocytes that engulf foreign substances. Vaccination exposes the immune system to an antigen in a controlled way to stimulate lifelong immunity against disease.
The document discusses the human immune system. It describes how the innate immune system provides an immediate response to pathogens through physical barriers and cells. If pathogens breach these defenses, the adaptive immune system provides a targeted response through B cells and T cells. The adaptive system also develops immunological memory to mount faster responses. Vaccinations work by exposing the immune system to antigens to develop immunity without causing disease.
Immune system is our defense mechanism which provides protection against various infections and ailments. Low immunity is the root cause for all the problems so Planet Ayurveda presents a fabulous herbal formulation for enhancing immunity power.
The document discusses immunity and the immune system. It explains that immunity is the body's ability to fight off pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. The immune system produces antibodies and cells that can deactivate pathogens. It describes the different lines of defense - the innate immune system which uses physical and chemical barriers, the inflammatory response, and the adaptive immune system including B cells, T cells, macrophages and lymphocytes that produce antibodies and remember each pathogen. It provides details on antigens, antibodies, active and passive immunity.
The document summarizes the body's immune defenses against infection. It describes two main types of immunity: innate immunity, which provides nonspecific defenses like skin barriers and phagocytes; and acquired (adaptive) immunity, which develops after exposure and provides pathogen-specific responses using B cells, T cells, antibodies, and immunological memory. The immune system uses successive lines of defense, from physical barriers and phagocytes to inflammation and antibodies, to protect the body. Vaccines help produce active immunity by exposing the immune system to weakened or killed pathogens.
White blood cells defend the body against disease and are comprised of lymphocytes and phagocytes. Phagocytes engulf and digest waste, bacteria, and foreign bodies to provide innate immunity as the body's first line of defense, while lymphocytes are smaller white blood cells that produce antibodies and aid immune responses to fight infection. The nucleus of lymphocytes is larger than in phagocytes, whose nucleus is lobed.
natural resistance of body against infectionzainabsarfraz4
The first line of defense against infection includes physical and chemical barriers. The physical barriers are the skin, mucous membranes, hair, cilia, and openings of the body like the mouth, nose, eyes, etc. The chemical barriers include lysozyme in tears and saliva, gastric juice in the stomach, acidity on the skin, and substances in places like the vagina, digestive tract, and urinary tract. Together these barriers prevent pathogens from entering the body and provide protection against infection.
The document discusses the immune system and how it protects the body from infectious diseases. It describes how the immune system works like an army with different blood cells performing different jobs to fight infections. The immune system is connected to and protects all body systems. It is located throughout the body and in white blood cells. Eating healthy foods, getting vaccinated, and consuming vitamins C and E can help protect the immune system.
The immune system protects the body from infection through a complex network of interacting cells and molecules. It includes both non-specific defenses that provide immediate protection, and specific adaptive defenses that develop over time through vaccination or exposure to pathogens. The adaptive immune system includes B cells that produce antibodies, T cells that coordinate immune responses, and phagocytes that engulf foreign substances. Vaccination exposes the immune system to an antigen in a controlled way to stimulate lifelong immunity against disease.
The document discusses the human immune system. It describes how the innate immune system provides an immediate response to pathogens through physical barriers and cells. If pathogens breach these defenses, the adaptive immune system provides a targeted response through B cells and T cells. The adaptive system also develops immunological memory to mount faster responses. Vaccinations work by exposing the immune system to antigens to develop immunity without causing disease.
This document summarizes the immune system, including both innate and acquired immunity. It discusses the barriers that prevent pathogen entry and the components of the innate system that provide an immediate response, like phagocytes. The acquired system mounts a pathogen-specific response through B and T cells. It also covers the differences between these systems and gives examples of vaccination methods that stimulate immune memory.
The document discusses the immune system and its defenses against pathogens. It describes three lines of defense: innate immunity as the first line using physical and chemical barriers; inflammatory response as the second line if pathogens breach the first; and adaptive immunity as the third line involving specialized immune cells that recognize and remember specific pathogens. It provides details on the components of the immune system including white blood cells, antibodies, antigens, B cells, T cells, and immune memory.
This document describes different ways pathogens can enter the body and cause infection, including through droplets from coughing/sneezing, direct contact, contaminated food/drink, and breaks in the skin. It provides examples of diseases caused by each infection type, such as influenza spreading through droplets. The document also discusses the roles of white blood cells in protecting the body from disease, including ingesting pathogens, producing antibodies, and producing antitoxins.
The document discusses the immune system and its defenses against pathogens. It describes three lines of defense: first being physical and chemical barriers like skin and mucus, second being the inflammatory response, and third being the adaptive immune system involving B and T lymphocytes and antibodies. It provides details on lymphocytes, antibodies, antigens, active and passive immunity, and the roles of the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.
The document summarizes the body's defense mechanisms against infection. It discusses three lines of defense: physical and chemical barriers that block pathogens from entering the body, defensive cells and proteins that attack invading pathogens, and the immune system. The immune system has both innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity provides broad and immediate defense through physical barriers and cells. Adaptive immunity has targeted responses through humoral immunity using antibodies or cell-mediated immunity using T cells.
This document provides an overview of the immune system, including both innate and acquired immunity. The innate immune system provides immediate response through physical barriers like skin and mucus as well as internal defenses like phagocytes and inflammation. If pathogens breach these defenses, the acquired immune system activates an antigen-specific response using B and T cells. The document also discusses active and passive immunity, humoral versus cell-mediated immunity, and how vaccines work to stimulate immune response.
The document summarizes key aspects of the human immune system in 3 sentences or less:
The immune system is a network of cells, tissues, and organs that defend the body against foreign invaders like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It contains many specialized immune cells like lymphocytes, phagocytes, natural killer cells, and cytokines that work together to identify foreign antigens and mount targeted responses. The immune system must also maintain tolerance to the body's own cells to avoid autoimmune disease.
The document discusses the body's defense mechanisms against pathogens. It describes three lines of defense: non-specific defenses as the first line (skin, mucous membranes); phagocytosis by white blood cells as the second line; and the specific immune response involving antibodies produced by lymphocytes as the third line. It defines key terms like antigens, antibodies, immunity, and different types of immunity including active and passive immunity acquired naturally or through vaccination and immunization.
The document summarizes the three lines of defense that make up the immune system. The first line of defense is physical and chemical barriers like the skin and mucus membranes. The second line of defense is the innate immune response, which includes inflammation, fever, proteins, and white blood cells. The third and acquired line of defense is the adaptive immune response involving T cells, B cells, antibodies, and immunological memory that provides pathogen-specific protection.
The human immune system has three lines of defense against pathogens. The first line includes physical barriers like skin and mucus membranes, and chemicals in saliva and stomach acid. The second line consists of white blood cells that attack pathogens inside the body. This includes phagocytes that engulf bacteria and T-cells that destroy virus-infected cells. The third line of defense involves antibodies that target specific pathogens. Antibodies provide long-lasting active immunity against diseases, while vaccines produce immunity by exposing the immune system to weakened or dead pathogens. The immune system also has memory, allowing it to respond faster upon re-exposure to a pathogen.
This document summarizes key concepts about the immune system. It describes the innate immune system as the first line of defense, including physical barriers and internal defenses like phagocytosis and inflammation. The acquired immune system is activated if pathogens evade the innate response, and results in pathogen-specific immunity and immunological memory. Major cells involved are B and T lymphocytes. Vaccinations work to induce an immune response without causing disease.
The document discusses immunity and the immune system. It defines immunity as the body's ability to resist harmful organisms and toxins. The immune system is composed of specialized cells that fight pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. The immune system produces antibodies and cells that can deactivate pathogens. Immunity can be active, acquired after infection or vaccination, or passive, acquired from external sources like breast milk or gamma globulin injections. The document also describes innate immunity, the body's first line of defense, and acquired immunity, the second line of defense involving lymphocytes and lymphoid tissues.
This document summarizes immune systems, including innate and acquired immunity. The innate immune system provides immediate protection through physical barriers and internal defenses like phagocytosis and inflammation. If pathogens breach these defenses, the acquired immune system activates lymphocytes to develop pathogen-specific immunity through humoral and cell-mediated responses. Vaccinations expose the immune system to antigens to develop active or passive immunity and memory cells to mount faster responses upon future exposure.
The document summarizes key aspects of the immune response and immune system. It defines important immune concepts like immunity, antigens, innate immunity, acquired immunity, active and passive immunity. It describes the anatomy of the immune system including primary organs like bone marrow and thymus, and secondary organs. It also outlines the functions of the skin, mucous membranes, phagocytes, inflammation, complement system, interferons and other antimicrobial substances in the innate immune response.
The physical barriers of the general defense system include the skin, mucous membranes, stomach acid, and vaginal bacteria. If pathogens breach these barriers, the second line of defense activates components like phagocytes, macrophages, complement proteins, interferons, and inflammation to attack pathogens. The specific defense system produces antibodies targeted to specific pathogens through B cells and T cells provide lifelong immunity through memory cells.
The document discusses how to support and maintain a healthy immune system. It describes the major organs that comprise the immune system including the bone marrow, thymus gland, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, and intestines. It explains the two types of immunity and two types of lymphocytes that protect the body. Lastly, it provides recommendations for boosting immunity through essential oil blends, supplements, probiotics and lifestyle choices like diffusing essential oils at home.
Natural and acquired immunity,several immune mechanisms are present in our bo...Anand P P
immune mechanisms and their categories.mainly two types of immune mechanisms are present natural and artificial mechanisms.several organs and specialized cells are serve for the part of immune mechanism of our body
This document provides an overview of the immune system, including both innate and acquired immunity. It discusses the physical and internal barriers that make up the innate immune system and help fight off pathogens. The innate system provides an immediate response including phagocytosis and inflammation. The acquired immune system activates slower but produces a pathogen-specific response through B and T cells. It provides both active and passive immunity and involves humoral and cell-mediated responses. The document also covers vaccinations which stimulate immunity through various methods like inactivated, attenuated, subunit, and virus-like particle vaccines.
This document discusses immunity and its different types. It defines immunity as the resistance exhibited by the host against microorganisms and their products. Immunity can be innate or natural, which is non-specific resistance present from birth, and acquired or adaptive immunity, which develops in response to infection or immunization. Acquired immunity can be active, developing from natural infection or artificial immunization, or passive, developing from transfer of antibodies from another individual. The document provides details on the mechanisms and factors of innate immunity and the characteristics, types and applications of acquired immunity.
The document discusses the functions of the immune system, including distinguishing between specific and nonspecific immunity. It describes the roles of various immune cells and proteins in both innate and adaptive immunity. Key aspects of nonspecific defenses include physical barriers, inflammation, and phagocytes. Specific immunity involves lymphocytes, antibodies, memory cells, and developing immunity through active or passive means. The lymphatic system helps filter fluids and produces lymphocytes to fight disease within lymph nodes and other structures.
This document summarizes the immune system, including both innate and acquired immunity. It discusses the barriers that prevent pathogen entry and the components of the innate system that provide an immediate response, like phagocytes. The acquired system mounts a pathogen-specific response through B and T cells. It also covers the differences between these systems and gives examples of vaccination methods that stimulate immune memory.
The document discusses the immune system and its defenses against pathogens. It describes three lines of defense: innate immunity as the first line using physical and chemical barriers; inflammatory response as the second line if pathogens breach the first; and adaptive immunity as the third line involving specialized immune cells that recognize and remember specific pathogens. It provides details on the components of the immune system including white blood cells, antibodies, antigens, B cells, T cells, and immune memory.
This document describes different ways pathogens can enter the body and cause infection, including through droplets from coughing/sneezing, direct contact, contaminated food/drink, and breaks in the skin. It provides examples of diseases caused by each infection type, such as influenza spreading through droplets. The document also discusses the roles of white blood cells in protecting the body from disease, including ingesting pathogens, producing antibodies, and producing antitoxins.
The document discusses the immune system and its defenses against pathogens. It describes three lines of defense: first being physical and chemical barriers like skin and mucus, second being the inflammatory response, and third being the adaptive immune system involving B and T lymphocytes and antibodies. It provides details on lymphocytes, antibodies, antigens, active and passive immunity, and the roles of the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.
The document summarizes the body's defense mechanisms against infection. It discusses three lines of defense: physical and chemical barriers that block pathogens from entering the body, defensive cells and proteins that attack invading pathogens, and the immune system. The immune system has both innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity provides broad and immediate defense through physical barriers and cells. Adaptive immunity has targeted responses through humoral immunity using antibodies or cell-mediated immunity using T cells.
This document provides an overview of the immune system, including both innate and acquired immunity. The innate immune system provides immediate response through physical barriers like skin and mucus as well as internal defenses like phagocytes and inflammation. If pathogens breach these defenses, the acquired immune system activates an antigen-specific response using B and T cells. The document also discusses active and passive immunity, humoral versus cell-mediated immunity, and how vaccines work to stimulate immune response.
The document summarizes key aspects of the human immune system in 3 sentences or less:
The immune system is a network of cells, tissues, and organs that defend the body against foreign invaders like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It contains many specialized immune cells like lymphocytes, phagocytes, natural killer cells, and cytokines that work together to identify foreign antigens and mount targeted responses. The immune system must also maintain tolerance to the body's own cells to avoid autoimmune disease.
The document discusses the body's defense mechanisms against pathogens. It describes three lines of defense: non-specific defenses as the first line (skin, mucous membranes); phagocytosis by white blood cells as the second line; and the specific immune response involving antibodies produced by lymphocytes as the third line. It defines key terms like antigens, antibodies, immunity, and different types of immunity including active and passive immunity acquired naturally or through vaccination and immunization.
The document summarizes the three lines of defense that make up the immune system. The first line of defense is physical and chemical barriers like the skin and mucus membranes. The second line of defense is the innate immune response, which includes inflammation, fever, proteins, and white blood cells. The third and acquired line of defense is the adaptive immune response involving T cells, B cells, antibodies, and immunological memory that provides pathogen-specific protection.
The human immune system has three lines of defense against pathogens. The first line includes physical barriers like skin and mucus membranes, and chemicals in saliva and stomach acid. The second line consists of white blood cells that attack pathogens inside the body. This includes phagocytes that engulf bacteria and T-cells that destroy virus-infected cells. The third line of defense involves antibodies that target specific pathogens. Antibodies provide long-lasting active immunity against diseases, while vaccines produce immunity by exposing the immune system to weakened or dead pathogens. The immune system also has memory, allowing it to respond faster upon re-exposure to a pathogen.
This document summarizes key concepts about the immune system. It describes the innate immune system as the first line of defense, including physical barriers and internal defenses like phagocytosis and inflammation. The acquired immune system is activated if pathogens evade the innate response, and results in pathogen-specific immunity and immunological memory. Major cells involved are B and T lymphocytes. Vaccinations work to induce an immune response without causing disease.
The document discusses immunity and the immune system. It defines immunity as the body's ability to resist harmful organisms and toxins. The immune system is composed of specialized cells that fight pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. The immune system produces antibodies and cells that can deactivate pathogens. Immunity can be active, acquired after infection or vaccination, or passive, acquired from external sources like breast milk or gamma globulin injections. The document also describes innate immunity, the body's first line of defense, and acquired immunity, the second line of defense involving lymphocytes and lymphoid tissues.
This document summarizes immune systems, including innate and acquired immunity. The innate immune system provides immediate protection through physical barriers and internal defenses like phagocytosis and inflammation. If pathogens breach these defenses, the acquired immune system activates lymphocytes to develop pathogen-specific immunity through humoral and cell-mediated responses. Vaccinations expose the immune system to antigens to develop active or passive immunity and memory cells to mount faster responses upon future exposure.
The document summarizes key aspects of the immune response and immune system. It defines important immune concepts like immunity, antigens, innate immunity, acquired immunity, active and passive immunity. It describes the anatomy of the immune system including primary organs like bone marrow and thymus, and secondary organs. It also outlines the functions of the skin, mucous membranes, phagocytes, inflammation, complement system, interferons and other antimicrobial substances in the innate immune response.
The physical barriers of the general defense system include the skin, mucous membranes, stomach acid, and vaginal bacteria. If pathogens breach these barriers, the second line of defense activates components like phagocytes, macrophages, complement proteins, interferons, and inflammation to attack pathogens. The specific defense system produces antibodies targeted to specific pathogens through B cells and T cells provide lifelong immunity through memory cells.
The document discusses how to support and maintain a healthy immune system. It describes the major organs that comprise the immune system including the bone marrow, thymus gland, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, and intestines. It explains the two types of immunity and two types of lymphocytes that protect the body. Lastly, it provides recommendations for boosting immunity through essential oil blends, supplements, probiotics and lifestyle choices like diffusing essential oils at home.
Natural and acquired immunity,several immune mechanisms are present in our bo...Anand P P
immune mechanisms and their categories.mainly two types of immune mechanisms are present natural and artificial mechanisms.several organs and specialized cells are serve for the part of immune mechanism of our body
This document provides an overview of the immune system, including both innate and acquired immunity. It discusses the physical and internal barriers that make up the innate immune system and help fight off pathogens. The innate system provides an immediate response including phagocytosis and inflammation. The acquired immune system activates slower but produces a pathogen-specific response through B and T cells. It provides both active and passive immunity and involves humoral and cell-mediated responses. The document also covers vaccinations which stimulate immunity through various methods like inactivated, attenuated, subunit, and virus-like particle vaccines.
This document discusses immunity and its different types. It defines immunity as the resistance exhibited by the host against microorganisms and their products. Immunity can be innate or natural, which is non-specific resistance present from birth, and acquired or adaptive immunity, which develops in response to infection or immunization. Acquired immunity can be active, developing from natural infection or artificial immunization, or passive, developing from transfer of antibodies from another individual. The document provides details on the mechanisms and factors of innate immunity and the characteristics, types and applications of acquired immunity.
The document discusses the functions of the immune system, including distinguishing between specific and nonspecific immunity. It describes the roles of various immune cells and proteins in both innate and adaptive immunity. Key aspects of nonspecific defenses include physical barriers, inflammation, and phagocytes. Specific immunity involves lymphocytes, antibodies, memory cells, and developing immunity through active or passive means. The lymphatic system helps filter fluids and produces lymphocytes to fight disease within lymph nodes and other structures.
La Escuela Secundaria Técnica 10 de Candelaria ganó el primer lugar en la competencia de escoltas. El equipo de escoltas de la Escuela Secundaria Técnica 10 obtuvo el primer puesto en la competencia. La Escuela Secundaria Técnica 10 fue la ganadora de la competencia de escoltas.
This document discusses diabetes, its types and symptoms, diet and herbal treatments according to Ayurveda. It summarizes that Ayurveda balances the body's energies to treat diabetes without side effects. Planet Ayurveda offers an herbal Diabetes Care Pack containing bitter melon, fenugreek and madhumehantak churna capsules/powder to lower blood sugar levels and manage the condition. Regular use of this all-natural combination is recommended for controlling diabetes.
El documento discute los posibles riesgos para la salud asociados con el uso de teléfonos celulares, como tumores cerebrales, problemas cognitivos y de memoria. Se mencionan estudios que indican que la radiación de los teléfonos puede ser perjudicial, especialmente para niños y mujeres embarazadas. También señala los riesgos de contaminación electrónica y química derivados de la producción y desecho de aparatos celulares.
Program menghitung tunjangan dan potongan pegawai berdasarkan jumlah anaknya menggunakan struktur keputusan switch/case. Jika anak kurang dari 3, tunjangan 20% dan potongan 5% dari gaji kotor. Jika anak 3 atau lebih, tunjangan 30% dan potongan 7% dari gaji kotor.
Fame and popularity can give a temporary sense of pride and boost self-esteem, but true happiness comes from within and is independent of external inputs. Practicing NAMASMARAN, or remembrance of the divine name, leads to the inner blossoming of one's personality so that their essence encompasses the universe. This practice results in a happiness and fulfillment that is universal and immortal.
The document provides guidance on creating a professional curriculum vitae or CV format for 2014. It offers tips for designing an effective CV layout and sections to include such as contact information, education, work experience, skills and additional information. The website cvhelp.org serves as a resource for creating CVs that highlight a candidate's qualifications and suitability for jobs.
The document describes the human immune system and its defenses against pathogens. It discusses both nonspecific defenses like physical and chemical barriers provided by the skin, mucus, stomach acids, and inflammatory response, as well as specific defenses like the antibody-mediated and cell-mediated responses involving B cells, T cells, memory cells, and vaccines.
The document describes the human immune system and how it protects the body from pathogens like viruses and bacteria. It discusses both the innate immune response, which provides immediate protection through physical barriers and internal defenses like phagocytes, and the acquired immune response, which adapts over time to improve recognition and response. The acquired response results in immunological memory that allows faster responses upon reexposure to a pathogen. Key components of the immune system include white blood cells, antibodies, antigens, and the development of active immunity through vaccination or prior exposure.
This document summarizes key concepts about the immune system. It describes the innate immune system as the first line of defense, including physical barriers and internal defenses like phagocytosis and inflammation. The acquired immune system is activated if pathogens evade the innate response, and develops pathogen-specific immunity using lymphocytes and antibodies. Immunity can be active, acquired from exposure, or passive, acquired from transfer of antibodies. The summary provides an overview of the main components and functions of the immune system.
The document discusses immunity and the immune system. It defines immunity as the natural or acquired resistance of an individual to pathogens. The immune system is a complex system that distinguishes self from non-self and provides defense against infectious agents. Immunology is the study of the immune system and immune responses. The immune system includes innate immunity, which provides a natural defense, and acquired immunity, which develops from exposure to pathogens. Key components of the immune system are antigens, antibodies, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and lymphoid organs that help the immune system function.
This document provides an overview of the immune system, including both innate and acquired immunity. It describes how the innate immune system provides immediate protection through physical barriers and internal defenses like phagocytes and inflammation. If pathogens breach these defenses, the acquired immune system activates an antigen-specific response involving B and T cells that results in immunological memory. The differences between the innate and acquired systems are highlighted. Specific components of both systems like phagocytosis, inflammation, antibodies, and active/passive immunity are also explained in detail.
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The document provides an overview of the immune system, including both innate and acquired immunity. It discusses how the innate immune system provides immediate protection through physical barriers and internal defenses like phagocytosis and inflammation. If pathogens breach these defenses, the acquired immune system activates through lymphocytes to develop pathogen-specific immunity either actively through exposure or vaccination, or passively from mother to child. The acquired response results in immunological memory and faster response upon reexposure.
This document discusses several common human diseases including malaria, amoebiasis, and ascariasis. It provides details on the causative agents, symptoms, modes of transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of each disease. For malaria, it notes that the pathogen is Plasmodium and is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, chills, and vomiting. Diagnosis is via blood smear and treatment involves antimalarial drugs. Prevention focuses on mosquito control. For amoebiasis, it states the causative agent is Entamoeba histolytica spread through contaminated food/water. Symptoms are diarrhea and abdominal pain. Microscopic stool exam is used for diagnosis
This document is a biology project on the immune system prepared by a student for their class. It includes sections on what the immune system is, the major cells involved, what controls the immune system, and summaries of key topics like antibodies, immunotherapy, how the immune system works, immunization, and autoimmunity. Certification is provided by signatures of the student, teachers, and principal.
The immune system protects the body from pathogens through nonspecific and specific defenses. Nonspecific defenses provide a first line of defense against pathogens and include physical barriers like skin as well as chemical barriers and inflammation. If pathogens breach these defenses, the specific immune response is triggered. This involves B cells and antibodies that provide humoral immunity against pathogens in bodily fluids, and T cells that provide cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens and abnormal cells. Memory B and T cells provide long-term immunity against previously encountered pathogens. Vaccines stimulate active immunity by exposing the immune system to antigens in a controlled way. Passive immunity can also be provided temporarily via transfer of antibodies from other sources.
The document summarizes the human immune system's lines of defense against pathogens. It has three lines of defense - physical and chemical barriers, defensive cells and proteins, and the immune system. The first line includes barriers like skin and mucous membranes. The second line involves immune cells and proteins that attack pathogens. The third and most specific line is the adaptive immune system, which has both humoral immunity through antibodies and cell-mediated immunity through T cells.
Ayurveda views immunity as vyadhi-ksamatwa, the body's natural resistance to disease. This depends on factors like nutrition, environment, physical and mental constitution. Immunity is reduced by trauma, tissue wasting, psychological stresses like anger. Oja is the essence that provides strength and immunity. It circulates throughout the body, nourishes tissues, and regulates immunity. Rasayana and ojovardhaka therapies enhance immunity by improving nutrition, digestion, and microcirculation. Lifestyle practices like diet, exercise, and stress management also support the immune system according to Ayurvedic principles.
The immune system protects the body from pathogens and tumor cells. It is made up of organs like the bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes, as well as white blood cells. The bone marrow produces immune cells including B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. The thymus matures T cells. The spleen acts as a filter for the blood and activates B cells. Lymph nodes filter the lymphatic fluid. The immune system has innate and adaptive responses to identify and kill foreign invaders. The lymphatic system drains fluid from tissues and returns it to blood circulation.
The immune system defends the body against germs and microorganisms through specialized cells, proteins, tissues, and organs. It is made up of two types of white blood cells - phagocytes that destroy invading organisms, and lymphocytes that remember and help destroy previous invaders. The immune system has three lines of defense - T cells, macrophages, and B cells. It provides innate, adaptive, and passive immunity. Disorders can include asthma, eczema, and susceptibility to frequent infections.
BIOLOGY FORM 5 CHAPTER 1 - 1.5 BODY DEFENCE MECHANISMNirmala Josephine
The document summarizes the immune system's defense mechanisms against pathogens. It describes three lines of defense: 1) physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, 2) innate immune responses involving phagocytes, complement proteins, and natural killer cells, and 3) acquired immune responses involving B and T cells that produce antibodies for long-term pathogen recognition. The immune system has both passive defenses that prevent pathogen entry and active defenses that destroy pathogens inside the body through phagocytosis, antibody production, and generation of immunological memory.
The document discusses active and passive immunity, vaccination and immunization, allergies, autoimmunity, and the immune system. It defines active immunity as developing due to contact with a pathogen or antigen, while passive immunity involves injecting readymade antibodies. Vaccination introduces a weakened pathogen to provide future protection, while immunization is the body's production of antibodies in response. The immune system includes primary lymphoid organs like bone marrow and thymus where lymphocytes develop and mature, and secondary organs like spleen and lymph nodes where lymphocytes interact with antigens.
1. The immune system protects the body from infection and disease through two branches - the innate and adaptive immune systems.
2. The innate immune system provides immediate defenses like white blood cells and barriers of the skin. The adaptive immune system mounts specialized defenses like antibodies and memory cells.
3. When pathogens breach these defenses, the body responds through inflammation, antibodies, and specialized immune cells like phagocytes, natural killer cells, and T cells that destroy infected cells. Immunity can be active from exposure or passive from antibodies transferred from mother to child.
The document summarizes key concepts in immunology, including:
1) It defines innate and adaptive immunity, and the types of natural, acquired, active, and passive immunity.
2) It describes the cells of the immune system including B cells, T cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells.
3) It discusses antibodies, cytokines, and how the immune system can fail to distinguish self from non-self, leading to autoimmune diseases.
dear students,, myself dr manish tiwari tutor department of microbiology at saraswati medical college unnao lucknow if any query regarding this ppt olease contact me my whatsaap no 8979352824.
This document provides an overview of the immune system, including its three lines of defense (innate, inflammatory response, adaptive) and the key cells involved. It describes the roles of monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and lymphocytes (T cells like killer and helper cells, B cells, and memory cells) in the immune response through phagocytosis, antibody production, and cell-mediated immunity. The levels of immunity and mechanism of the inflammatory response are also summarized.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
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• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
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Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
1. What is immunity?
• Immunity is the body's ability to fight off harmful micro-organisms
–PATHOGENS- that invade it.
• The immune system produces antibodies or cells that can
deactivate pathogens.
• Fungi, protozoans, bacteria, and viruses are all potential
pathogens.
2. What advantage do pathogens
have over humans?
All have a short life span and reproductive time So
what?
3.
4. What is an infectious
disease?
An infectious disease is one in which minute
organisms, invisible to the naked eye, invade and
multiply within the body.
Many of these organisms are contagious, that is
they spread between people in close contact.
5. What is an infectious
disease?
The first person to identify microbes as causing
disease was Robert Koch.
We still use Koch’s Postulates in disease
identification.
6. Koch’s Postulates
Pathogen must be found in the host in every case.
Pathogen must be isolated from the host and grown
in pure culture.
7. Koch’s Postulates
When placed in a healthy host, pathogen
produced in pure culture must cause the disease in
the host.
Pathogen must be isolated from the new host and
shown to be the original pathogen.
11. Koch’s Postulates
An antibiotic is a chemical substance derivable
from a mold or bacterium that kills microorganisms
and cures infections
12. The Immune System
Includes all parts of the body that help in the
recognition and destruction of foreign
materials. White blood cells, phagocytes and
lymphocytes, bone marrow, lymph nodes, tonsils,
thymus, and your spleen are all part of the
immune system.
13.
14. First-Line Defenses /Innate
Immune System
The body's first line of defense against pathogens
uses mostly physical and chemical barriers such
as:
15. First-Line Defenses /Innate
Immune System
Skin – acts as a barrier to invasion.
Sweat – has chemicals which can kill different pathogens.
Tears - have lysozyme which has powerful digestive abilities that
render antigens harmless.
16. First-Line Defenses /Innate
Immune System
Saliva – also has lysozyme.
Mucus – can trap pathogens, which are then sneezed, coughed,
washed away, or destroyed by chemicals.
Stomach Acid – destroys pathogens
17. Second-Line Defenses
If a pathogen is able to get past the body's first line of defense, and
an infection starts, the body can rely on it's second line of
defense. This will result in what is called an……….
18. Inflammatory response
causes
Redness - due to capillary dilation resulting in increased blood flow
Heat - due to capillary dilation resulting in increased blood flow
19. Inflammatory response
causes
Swelling – due to passage of plasma from the blood stream into
the damaged tissue
Pain – due mainly to tissue destruction and, to a lesser extent,
swelling.
20. Third-Line Defenses
Sometimes the second line of defense is still not enough and the
pathogen is then heading for the body's last line of defense, the
immune system.
21. Third-Line Defenses
The immune system recognizes, attacks, destroys, and remembers
each pathogen that enters the body. It does this by making
specialized cells and antibodies that render the pathogens
harmless.
Unlike the first line and second line defense the immune system
differentiates among pathogens.
22. Third-Line Defenses
For each type of pathogen, the immune system produces cells that
are specific for that particular pathogen.
An antibody is a protein produced in response to an antigen.
Antigens are macromolecules that elicit an immune response in
the body. The most common antigens are proteins and
polysaccharides.
23. Third-Line Defenses
Antigens can enter the body from the environment. These include
inhaled macromolecules (e.g., proteins on cat hairs that can
trigger an attack of asthma in susceptible people)
24. Third-Line Defenses
ingested macromolecules (e.g., shellfish proteins that trigger an
allergic response in susceptible people)
molecules that are introduced beneath the skin (e.g., on a splinter
or in an injected vaccine)
26. Third-Line Defenses
Antigens can be generated within the cells of the body. These
include :
Proteins encoded by the genes of viruses that have infected a cell
Aberrant proteins that are encoded by mutant genes; such as
mutated genes in cancer cells
27. Third-Line Defenses
Lymph is a milky body fluid that contains a type of white blood
cells, called lymphocytes, along with proteins and fats.
Lymph seeps outside the blood vessels in spaces of body tissues
and is stored in the lymphatic system to flow back into the
bloodstream.
28. Third-Line Defenses
Through the flow of blood in and out of arteries, and into the veins,
and through the lymph nodes and into the lymph, the body is able
to eliminate the products of cellular breakdown and bacterial
invasion.
29. Third-Line Defenses
There are more than 100 tiny, oval structures called lymph nodes.
These are mainly in the neck, groin and armpits, but are scattered
all along the lymph vessels.
They act as barriers to infection by filtering out and destroying
toxins and germs. The largest body of lymphoid tissue in the human
body is the spleen.
30. Third-Line Defenses
As the lymph flows through lymph vessels, it passes through lymph
nodes.
White blood cells called macrophages trap and engulf cell debris
and pathogens. Other white blood cells, called
31. Third-Line Defenses
Lymphocytes - are a type of white blood cell capable of
producing a specific immune response to unique antigens. They
produce antibodies which are chemicals that mark pathogens for
destruction.
32. Third-Line Defenses
The scanning electron micrograph above, shows a human
macrophage (gray) approaching a chain of Streptococcus
pyogenes (yellow). Riding atop the macrophage is a spherical
lymphocyte. Both macrophages and lymphocytes can be found
near an infection, and the interaction between these cells is
important in eliminating infection.
33. Third-Line Defenses
Once a white cell has left the blood vessel and migrated to the
enemy, the next job is to EAT the microbe.
The macrophage is a large phagocyte. A phagocyte is an eating
cell (phago = "eating", cyte = "cell") which engulfs invaders.
34. Third-Line Defenses
It has been estimated that during our lifetime, we will encounter a
million foreign antigens capable of causing disease, and our
bodies need the same amount of lymphocytes to defend against
them.
There will always be a different type of lymphocyte for each
possible antigen.
35. Third-Line Defenses
Active Immunity occurs when when one makes his/her own
antibodies. This type of immunity is long term.
Getting the disease : If you get an infectious disease (like Chicken
Pox), often times, that stimulates the production of MEMORY cells
which are then stored to prevent the infection in the future.
36. Third-Line Defenses
Vaccination: A vaccination is an injection of a weakened form of
the actual antigen that causes the disease. The injection is too
weak to make you sick, but your B lymphocytes will recognize the
antigen and react as if it were the "real thing". Thus, you produce
MEMORY cells for long term immunity.
37. Third-Line Defenses
Passive: Immunity occurs when the antibodies come from some
other source. This type of immunity is short term.
Breastmilk : Milk from a mother's breast contains antibodies. The
baby is acquiring passive immunity. These antibodies will only last
several weeks.
38. Third-Line Defenses
Gamma Globulin: A Gamma Globulin shot is purely an injection of
antibodies to provide temporary immunity. You might receive an
Gamma Globulin shot if you travel outside of the country.
39. HERBAL REMEDY TO BOOST
IMMUNITY- PLANET AYURVEDA
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which helps to build the immune system effectively. It enhances the
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also prevents the recurrence of the infections and protects the
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Components of Immune Magic Capsules are the following:
40. HERBAL REMEDY TO BOOST
IMMUNITY- PLANET AYURVEDA
Grape seed Cow
colostrums
Bhumi amla
Green tea
41. HERBAL REMEDY TO BOOST
IMMUNITY- PLANET AYURVEDA
Grape Seed
This is the rich source of Vitamin E and Vitamin C as well. It contains
an alkaloid, Resveratrol. This helps to fight against prostate cancer.
It eliminates the free radical formation, lowers the level of
cholesterol in the blood and maintains the formation of glucose in
the body. It is used to treat the situations of cholera, tuberculosis,
nausea, eye and skin infections. It is highly effective in boosting the
immunity power of the individuals.
42. HERBAL REMEDY TO BOOST
IMMUNITY- PLANET AYURVEDA
Cow Colostrums
This is yet a gift of the nature. It is highly rich in immunoglobins. It is
a major source of Vitamin A. It boosts up the immune system
effectively and heals the body right from the cellular level. It is a
wonderful remedy, especially in the post operative circumstances.
It is highly rich in the essential nutrients of the body, which include
vitamins, minerals, proteins and various micronutrients. It helps to
build and strengthen the body’s immune system as well.
43. HERBAL REMEDY TO BOOST
IMMUNITY- PLANET AYURVEDA
Bhumi Amla
It is known as the hepatoprotective herb in terms of Ayurveda. It
helps the liver to remove the toxic substances from the body. It
helps to maintain the level of lipids in the body by reducing LDL,
VLDL. It has antioxidants and helps to alleviate viral and bacterial
infections from the body of the individuals. It also possesses the
properties of natural diuretic. It treats cystitis, odema and urinary
tract infections (UTI) to a huge extent.
44. HERBAL REMEDY TO BOOST
IMMUNITY- PLANET AYURVEDA
Green Tea
It is rich in antioxidants, known as polyphenols. It prevents the free
radical formation. It helps in regulating the T cells, which help to
fight against the auto immune disorders effectively. It helps in
eliminating the toxins from the body and also helps to shed the
excess fat from the body, especially in the abdominal region. It
rejuvenates the body and helps to enhance the activity of the
immune system to a huge extent.
45. Dose: 1-2 capsules two times daily with water or milk in adults and
1 capsule daily in children.
46. HERBAL REMEDY TO BOOST
IMMUNITY- PLANET AYURVEDA
The immune magic capsules are extremely safe and easy to use.
They have absolutely no side effects and help to enhance the
immune system of the body effectively.
Enjoy a healthy living with Planet Ayurveda
47. OUR EXPERTS
Dr. Vikram Chauhan
BAMS, MD (AYURVEDA)
CEO & Founder of
Planet Ayurveda &
Krishna Herbals Co.
Vaidya Madan
Gulati
BAMS- Gold Medalist)
MD (AYURVEDA)
Dr. Meenakshi
Chauhan
BAMS- Gold Medalist
MD (Alt. Med.)
Vaidya Anthony
Rouse
Graduate in
Ayurveda
48. Immune Magic
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