The document discusses leveraging information and communication technology (ICT) to enhance organizational efficiency and sales performance in the Index-Based Livestock Insurance (IBLI) model in Northern Kenya. It highlights the widespread use of mobile phones among IBLI clients and agents, suggesting improvements through better data collection, mobile-based training, and feedback mechanisms. The document outlines a research agenda focused on mobile applications to optimize sales transaction processes and training for agents, with potential applications for broader communities.

1. Improving Organizational Efficiency through
Information & Communication Technology
Elizabeth Lyons
UC San Diego
IBLI/ADRAS Policy Workshop
June 9, 2015

2. Network Coverage in Regions with Access to IBLI
Green: Good
Yellow: OK
Red: Poor

3. Improving Organizational Efficiency through Information & Communication Technology
ICT in Northern Kenya
Cell Phone Use Among IBLI Clients, Partners
Cell phone access is widespread among IBLI clients and local
partners
Around 90% of FGD participants had their own mobile
phones, minority had smart phones
Those who do not have their own phones use other
community members
Those in villages without network coverage will walk to
areas of coverage to make calls
Illiteracy does not prevent use of mobile phones
3 / 1

4. Improving Organizational Efficiency through Information & Communication Technology
ICT in Northern Kenya
Given the widespread adoption of mobile phones in
regions IBLI is sold, many opportunities to improve
efficiency of IBLI and IBLI partner operations through
their use.
Some Examples:
Information collection and transmission to improve
interactions with clients
Promotion campaigns; Index maps; Customer complaints
and feedback; Customer help
Information collection and transmission to improve sales
agent performance
Data collection for monitoring, sales tracking; Reminders
and updates; Improved incentives
4 / 1

5. Improving Organizational Efficiency through Information & Communication Technology
ICT in Northern Kenya
Given the widespread adoption of mobile phones in
regions IBLI is sold, many opportunities to improve
efficiency of IBLI and IBLI partner operations through
their use.
Some Examples:
Information collection and transmission to improve
interactions with clients
Promotion campaigns; Index maps; Customer complaints
and feedback; Customer help
Information collection and transmission to improve
sales agent performance
Data collection for monitoring, sales tracking; Reminders
and updates; Improved incentives
4 / 1

6. Improving Organizational Efficiency through Information & Communication Technology
Sales Agent Model Background
IBLI Sales Agent Model
IBLI is provided & underwritten by two insurance companies,
TIA and APA; both use sales agent model to distribute the
product
Agents perform outside sales
Each agent is assigned to sell within a given division,
usually one which they are familiar with
Expected to both introduce and promote the product, and
complete sales transactions
Previously all worked on short term contracts, TIA has
introduced annual contracts
5 / 1

7. Improving Organizational Efficiency through Information & Communication Technology
Sales Agent Model Background
Sales Agent Model Effectiveness
Advantages
Facilitates distribution to hard to reach customers
Agents are community members
Disadvantages
Difficult to attract high ability labor
Little face time between agents and managers
Can Mobile Phones help to Overcome Disadvantages
with the Distribution Model?
6 / 1

8. Improving Organizational Efficiency through Information & Communication Technology
Mobile Phones and the Sales Agent Model
Research Agenda
1. Improve data collection through Android sales transaction
application
2. Test effectiveness of employer sponsored, mobile-based
training
3. Improve monitoring and incentives for performance
through better tracking and faster feedback
7 / 1

9. Improving Organizational Efficiency through Information & Communication Technology
Mobile Phones and the Sales Agent Model
Research Agenda
1. Improve data collection through Android sales
transaction application
2. Test effectiveness of employer sponsored,
mobile-based training
3. Improve monitoring and incentives for performance
through better tracking and faster feedback
7 / 1

10. Android Sales Transaction Application

11. Android Sales Transaction Application
Data Collected:
Sales information
Number of sales
Value of sales
Animals insured
Customer information
App usage
Transaction errors
Time to completion
Location

12. The Impact of Mobile Training on Sales Agent
Performance
Due to cost and infrastructural constraints, face-to-face
agent training is short and intensive
Many agents do not have a complete understanding of IBLI
or of the sales process at the conclusion of the training
period
Mobile phones offer a means for continuing training even
after agents return to their sales divisions
Can employer sponsored mobile-based learning improve
sales, firm revenue, and customer satisfaction?

13. mLearning Application

14. mLearning Application

15. Research Design: Natural Field Experiment
Four treatments:
1. No access to mLearning application
2. Access to mLearning application
3. Access to mLearning application with performance-based
financial rewards
4. Access to gamified version of mLearning application
Time line:
Field Testing: June, 2015
Field Coordinator Training: July, 2015
Experiment: August 1 - September 30, 2015
Data:
Independent Variables: Treatment group, prior sales
record, location, surveys and tests
Dependent Variables: Intensity of app usage, knowledge of
product, sales performance, customer satisfaction

16. Looking Ahead
How can we best harness ICT to achieve low-cost
solutions to high-cost challenges in pastoralist
communities?
Lessons from these studies with further research may be
applicable to broader audiences, for instance:
Improving information transfer among pastoralists
Improving distribution of consumer goods and services to
rural regions
Improving provision of aid and public goods to
under-served populations

17. Thank you!