The document summarizes a terrorist bombing that occurred on July 7, 2005 in London. Four bombs exploded in three underground stations and a bus, killing 52 people and injuring over 700. The bombers were identified as Mohammad Sidique, Shehzad Tanweer, Germaine Lindsay, and Hasib Hussain. While initially investigated as a domestic attack, later evidence indicated links to al-Qaeda. A video showed the bombers claiming the attacks were in retaliation for UK military involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan. The reasons and insights discussed include the conflicts caused by countries engaging in hegemonic wars abroad as well as tensions between cultural identity and assimilation among some second generation British Muslims.
The long peace: The future of Unionism in Northern IrelandSlugger Consults
By Mick Fealty, Trevor Ringland and David Steven. Published in May 2003. A short pamphlet based on a tranche of qualitative research into the challenges facing Unionism and how they might rise to them.
It was funded by the Rowntree Charitable Trust.
Hum 104, Lecture notes 2014, class VIIIChapter 23, The Contempor.docxadampcarr67227
Hum 104, Lecture notes 2014, class VIII
Chapter 23, The Contemporary World, 1970-2014
Globalization, Terrorism, Postmodernism
I quote-
New York’s World Trade Center (WTC) Project- a post-modern complex set to be completed in 2014-is a powerful symbol of today’s complex, global world. The first WTC, sited on the East River, just steps from Wall Street, was finished in 1973. A modernist jewel, its twin glass towers seemed to signal two messages: the United States is a super power and New York is a major player in the emerging global economy. Those messages were strengthened in 1990, with the end of the cold war and the breakup of the Soviet Union. Even a failed bombing attack against the WTC by Islamic radicals in 1993, only briefly disrupted the period’s generally optimistic mood. But, on September 11, 2011, all of that changed. Islamic radicals brought down the Twin Towers, causing great loss of life. An outraged nation, led by President George W. Bush, vowed to avenge the attacks and rebuild the World Trade Center.
The destruction of the World Trade Center divides this period into two phases: toward a new global order, 1970-2001; and the Age of Terrorism, 1970-present. Before 9/11, the West, driven by globalization and a booming economy, envisioned the future as a peaceful, unified, multicultural world. After 9/11, that global vision was challenged. Conflicts between the West and Islamic radicals, which had been sporadic for decades, now moved to a higher level, most notably in wars against the Islamic states of Iraq and Afghanistan. The globalization ideal remained dominant in cultural conversation. The global economy boomed until the Great Recession that began in 2008. Today, the economy, though shaky, shows many signs of recovery-offering hope for the future. And the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings have, once again, caused the West to rethink its relationship to the Islamic world.
End of quote.
No big wars marked the 70s, but little wars continued. Ethnic conflicts proliferated, and the globe shrank. Détente was the word of the moment as the super-powers became more open with each other, especially economically.
OPEC began to oppose the buying nations that had founded the group. In 1974, they embargoed the sale of oil to the US and Western Europe which led to gasoline shortages, high prices at the pump, and rationing. Some states used an odd/even license plate number to decide which day its owner could get fuel, and some stations sold gasoline only to their regulars and then an appointment was needed.
Presidents of the US during the age were: Richard Nixon, who ended the war in Viet Nam; opened dialogue with China, but wound up resigning from office because of his involvement in the Watergate cover-up. Gerald Ford, appointed VP when Spiro Agnew was forced to resign that office, served the rest of Nixon’s term and brought some calm to the country’s politics. Jimmy Carter, a peanut farmer and former governor of Georgi.
In providing a counter-narrative, the Western world should do more in the way of understanding the elements that Islamist and Jihadist master narratives share. They should also be wary of inadvertently advancing the cause of such groups. Western societies have a much better opportunity in providing a counter-narrative to their own Muslim populations that can more effectively undermine the predominant Islamist and Jihadist narratives. Given the highly unfavourable views held of Christianity, Judaism and the West in general, it is futile to attempt to reverse years of fermenting hostility fostered by Islamist and Jihadist indoctrination. Instead, it is probably more likely that efforts to roll back and contain the radical narratives in Western countries will provide the most effective counter narrative yet
Reagan's 1980 election resulted from a dramatic conservative shift to the right in American politics, including a loss of confidence in liberal, New Deal, and Great Society programs and priorities that had dominated the national agenda since the 1930s.
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Reagan's foreign policy stance was resolutely anti-communist; its plan of action, known as the Reagan Doctrine, sought to roll back the global influence of the Soviet Union in an attempt to end the Cold War. Under this doctrine, the Reagan administration initiated a massive buildup of the United States military; promoted new technologies such as missile defense systems; and, in 1983, undertook an invasion of Grenada, the first major overseas action by U.S. troops since the end of the Vietnam War. The administration also created controversy by granting aid to paramilitary forces seeking to overthrow leftist governments, particularly in war-torn Central America and Afghanistan. Specifically, the Reagan administration engaged in covert arms sales to Iran to fund Contra rebels in Nicaragua that were fighting to overthrow their nation's socialist government; the resulting scandal led to the conviction or resignation of several administration officials. During Reagan's second term, he sought closer relations with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, and the two leaders signed a major arms control agreement known as the INF Treaty.
presentation report on WAR AND TERRORISM. and yes for better viewing experience, please download the file so that you can get all the info because the slides are animated.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
ESC Beyond Borders _From EU to You_ InfoPack general.pdf
Ilp bombing presentation
1. Bombing of Russell
Square Station
ZHANG Rong Cindy 1155029127
TAM Suet Wa 1155030980
WANG Yuqi Brandy 1155031779
2. Background
8:50 am July 7, 2005
4 terrorist bombing in London tube station and bus
o Russell Square Station
o Liverpool Street Station
o Edgware Road Station
o Bus at Tavistock Place
Killed 52 innocent people and injured over 700 people
3. Who are responsible for
this tragedy!?
• Bombers
o Mohammad Sidique
o Shehzad Tanweer
o Germaine Lindsay
o Hasib Hussain
• 2006: without the assistance of foreign terrorists
• 2012: Rashid Rauf played a key role
British al Qaeda operative with linkages in Afghanistan
4. Video clip made by
bombers
• What have you witnessed now is only the beginning of a
string of attacks that will continue and become stronger
until you pull your forces out of Afghanistan and Iraq.
And until you stop your financial and military support to
America and Israel.
5. Reasons behind
1.revenge for UK got into the war against Iraq and
Afghanistan
• 2/3 of British believed that the bombing attacks had a
great deal to do with the War in Iraq(Aug,2005)
• an al - Qaeda organization claimed responsibility for the
bombing attack
• Sidique Khan--British people voted for the war
6. Insight
***Conflicts
• Powerful countries believed that they had the obligation
to build a better society in turbulence(Prime Minister
Brown claimed in 2008)
• The alliance of countries go to the war against other
countries is also a form of hegemonism and power
politics.
7. Reasons behind
2.Islamic militants(Born in UK?)
• better off ; more peaceful environment;less linkage
• However,in 2006,among two million Muslims in
Britain ,13% think Bin Ladens was struggling for justice
• Muslims in different places were in great despair towards
their culture and future
Terrorist bombing in Russell Square Station happened on 7th of July in 2005 together with 3 other terrorist bombing happened on trains travelling to Liverpool Street station and Edgware Road station. The fourth suicide bomb exploded on a double-decker bus at Tavistock Place one hour after the tube bombing.
The suicide bombing in Russell Square Tube Station killed the greatest number of innocent people and the whole terrorist bombings killed 52 innocent people and injured over 700 people.
These are the names of the bombers and Germaine Lindsay was the bomber on the train going to the Russell Square station. Three of the four bombers were British-born sons of Pakistani immigrants and one of them is a convert born in Jamaica.
The British government initially concluded that the bombers acted without the assistance of foreign terrorists in 2006.
In 2012, in 2012, seven years after the tragedy, internal al Qaeda documents surface provided details that Rashid Rauf, a British al Qaeda operative with linkages in Afghanistan, played a key role in planning the attack.
The bombers considered them as soldiers in doing the suicide bombing. In the video clip they made, one of them said “What have you witnessed now is only the beginning of a string of attacks that will continue and become stronger until you pull your forces out of Afghanistan and Iraq. And until you stop your financial and military support to America and Israel.”
These sentences explained the intention of their action.
nothing to do with Olympic and ; Islamic Jihad ;becoming what they called “soldiers”. One of the bombers said “What have you witnessed now is only the beginning of a string of attacks that will continue and become stronger until you pull your forces out of Afghanistan and Iraq. And until you stop your
On the one hand
different from 9/11;3 born in UK;Compared with people in Arab countries, Muslims in Britain have better living standard and more peaceful environment. We usually assume that they have less incentives for terrorist attacks;things have been changed a lot since the second great war.Western countries were partial on the Israeli-Palestinian issue. Particularly with the end of cold war,western countries started carrying out liberty imperialism policy
Britian government admited that they had monitored the terrorist for a while before he conducted the terrorism,because he was suspected, but they just left it unsettled,and failed to stop him.