This document discusses different types of lighting technologies and lamps. It outlines the main types as incandescent, gas filled, discharge lamps including fluorescent, mercury vapor, and sodium lamps. Incandescent lamps operate by heating a filament to glow, while discharge lamps ionize gas to produce light. Key lamp types are described in more detail, including the filament materials used in incandescent lamps like carbon, tantalum, and tungsten which allow for high melting points and resistivity. Operating characteristics like efficiency and life cycle are provided for different filament materials.

1. ILLUMINATION
-JAY B. THAKAR
M.TECH POWER SYSTEM
ACET, ELECTRICAL DEPT.

2. OUTLINE
• TYPES OF LAMPS TECHNOLOGIES
• TYPES OF LAMPS
• FILAMENT LAMP(INCANDESCENT VACUUM LAMP)
• GAS FILLED LAMPS
• HALOGEN LAMP
• HIGH PRESSURE MERCURRY-VAPOUR DISCHARGE
LAMPS
• SODIUM VAPOUR LAMP
• NEON TUBS
• CFL TUBES

3. TECHNOLOGIES IN LAPMS
• DISCHARGE TECHNOLOGY –
Gas is discharged by ionization & visual glow is
generated
• INCANDESCENT TECHNOLOGY –
Emitting visible light as a result of being heated
It may be red-hot or white-hot

4. LAMP TYPES
LAMPS
INCANDESCENT
VACUUM GAS FILLED
DISCHARGE
LOW PRESSURE
FLOURESCENT
LAMP
SODIUM
HIGH PRESSURE
MERCURY
VAPOUR
SODIUM

5. FILAMENT LAMP

6. • The filament materials possess the properties of high
melting point, low vapour pressure, high resistivity, low
temperature co-efficient, ductility & appropriate mechanical
strength.
• Materials used for filaments are carbon, tantalum, tungsten.
• Life cycle is 1000 working hours
FILAMENT
MATERIAL
TYPE
MELTING
POINT IN
⁰C
EFFICIENCY IN
LUMENS PER
WATT
COMMENTS
Carbon 3500 3.5 Vapourizing is fast if it is operated above 1800⁰C
Tantalum 2600 5 With respect to the temperature the efficiency is low
& it is not operatabele at higher temperature
Tungsten 3400 10 High resistivity, low temperature co-efficient of R at
high temperature, low vapour pressure
Hot resistance of it is @ 1.5 times the cold resistance
so the initially inrush current heats up the
immediately. The inrush current attains a max. value
in 0.03 sec & falls normal operating value in 0.2 sec

7. EFFECT OF VOLTAGE VARIATION
• INCREASING THE 5% OPERATING VOLTAGE LUMENS
OUTPUT IS INCREASE BY 20% & LIFE IS REDUCED BY
50 %