This paper presents a study of various designs of microstrip patch antenna for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) handheld reader applications in Ultra High Frequency band (860-960MHZ).
Compact Digital Television (DTV) Antenna for Indoor Usage IJECEIAES
A compact indoor digital antenna for digital terrestrial television is proposed. The design of the antenna begins with the material selection to construct the antenna by using CST software with a standard monopole antenna design. The antenna is then simulated and optimized. A bandwidth of 290 MHz (46.14%) between 500 MHz and 790 MHz is achieved with the antenna gain more than 3 dBi. Simulated results is used to demonstrate the performance of the antenna. The simulated return losses, together with the radiation patterns and gain are presented and discussed.
Komunikacja bezprzewodowa w obszarach przemysłowychAgnieszka Kuba
Tematyka poruszana w prezentacji:
Podstawy transmisji radiowej
Parametry transmisji radiowej
Ścieżka nadawania
Spadek jakości sygnału wraz ze wzrostem odległości
Wzmocnienie sygnału radiowego
Odbicia i tłumienność
Wpływ czynników atmosferycznych na sygnał radiowy
Typy anten
Równoległe współistnienie sieci bezprzewodowych
Wpływ zakłóceń na sygnał radiowy
The document describes the design of a planar inverted multiband slotted patch antenna for RFID applications. Some key points:
- The antenna was designed to operate in the UWB frequency range to avoid metal-water problems and enable low-profile and high data rate operation.
- Design calculations were shown for parameters like width, length, effective dielectric constant. Specifications included a reinforced fiber-glass substrate with epsilon-r of 4.6.
- The prototype antenna had dimensions of 15x12x1.6 mm and experimental results showed improved data rate of 86%, size reduced by 50%, and power consumption reduced by 38% compared to existing designs.
MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS FOR RFID APPLICATION USING META-MATERIALNIKITA JANJAL
Microstrip patch antennas has many advantage due to light weight and small size,
low cost but also have some disadvantage as low gain , narrow band width these are the
two important parameters. This design shows how we can increase the performance of the
patch antenna by using metamaterials or how we can improve the gain & bandwidth. Here
it provide the introduction of meta materials and microstrip patch antenna after that describe
the parameter of microstrip patch antenna which can improve by using metamaterials and
discuss future scope and application of metamaterials.[6].
The Metamaterial based antenna is designed for some improvement in the performance
of directivity gain, return loss and size of circuit area. The aim is to design and
fabricate metamaterial antenna and study the effect of antenna dimensions Length (L),Width
(W) and substrate parameters relative Dielectric constant (r), substrate thickness on Radiation
parameters of Band width. Low dielectric constant substrates are generally preferred for
maximum radiation. The conducting patch can take any shape but rectangular and circular
configurations are the most commonly used configuration.
Other configurations are complex to analyze and require heavy numerical computations.
The length of the antenna is nearly half wavelength in the dielectric; it is a very
critical parameter, which governs the resonant frequency of the antenna. In view of design,
selection of the patch width and length are the major parameters along with the feed line
depth.
The results obtained after simulation in High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS)
were so much effective with the considerable enhancement in the values of directivity, bandwidth.
Modelling of this omega shaped patch antenna has revealed results that are suitable
AISSMS COE, M.E. E&TC (MICROWAVE) YEAR 2014-15 14
METHODOLOGY
for RFID antenna design. It simulated a rectangular patch antenna with metamaterial included
which has much higher directivity and bandwidth that can be employed for UHF
band which is one of the pre requisite of the following era. RFID has been one of the greatest
contributions of the 21st century.
It has many implementations in different fields may be in medical, military applications,
transportation, tracking items etc. The main barrier for widespread deployment of
this technology is its cost barrier which can be resolved through use of modern technologies
for building circuits with minimal costs.
How to design Microstrip patch antenna design in ads 2009THANDAIAH PRABU
This document provides information on how to design microstrip patch antennas in ADS 2009 software. It discusses different types of microstrip antenna feeds such as microstrip line feed, coaxial feed, aperture coupled feed, and proximity coupled feed. It also compares these different feed types and summarizes their characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. The document includes an example of designing a rectangular microstrip patch antenna on a dielectric substrate to resonate at 10GHz. It further compares ADS, HFSS, and CST electromagnetic simulation software and recommends ADS 2009 as a good choice for both frequency domain and circuit simulations. Contact information is provided at the end.
Design & Study of Microstrip Patch Antenna.The project here provides a detailed study of how to design a probe-fed Square Micro-strip Patch Antenna using HFSS, v11.0 software and study the effect of antenna dimensions Length (L), and substrate parameters relative Dielectric constant (εr), substrate thickness (t) on the Radiation parameters of Bandwidth and Beam-width.
A Miniature RFID Antenna at UHF Band using Meander-Line Technique IJECEIAES
This paper displays a new design of a small antenna proposed for radiofrequency identification (RFID) applications in the UHF band (ultra-high frequency). Our antenna is constituted of two rectangular patches linked together with a meander line. Using this technique reduction in antenna size of equal to 62% with respect to the conventional antenna was achieved. The antenna has a simple structure and small antenna size of 60 x 74mm or 0.184 λ0 x 0.226 . It has been fabricated on a low-cost FR4 substrate and measured to validate the simulation performances. The measured bandwidth is around 54.4 MHz (889.3 - 943.7 MHz) with reflection coefficient less than 10 dB, which covers all of the American RFID band (902 - 928 MHz), Chinese RFID band (920.5 - 924.5 MHz), Korea Republic and Japan RFID band ( 917 - 923.5 MHz). The design and simulations have been effected by electromagnetic simulators HFSS and CST microwave studio. A good accord is getting between the simulated and measured results. This antenna is intended for the reader of RFID applications. λ0 2
A Simple Uhf Rfid Circularly-Polarized Reader Antenna DesignIJERA Editor
In this paper, the simple antenna is proposed for ultra high- frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification
(RFID) application. It is designed to achieve circular polarization with unidirectional beam. The antenna is
composed of the truncated radiation patch and ground plane. The simulation results show that the antenna
achieves the return loss of -31.92 dB, gain of 8 dBic, axial ratio (AR) of 1.8 dB and 3 dB AR beamwidth of 60
degree over the band width of 915-928 MHz.
Compact Digital Television (DTV) Antenna for Indoor Usage IJECEIAES
A compact indoor digital antenna for digital terrestrial television is proposed. The design of the antenna begins with the material selection to construct the antenna by using CST software with a standard monopole antenna design. The antenna is then simulated and optimized. A bandwidth of 290 MHz (46.14%) between 500 MHz and 790 MHz is achieved with the antenna gain more than 3 dBi. Simulated results is used to demonstrate the performance of the antenna. The simulated return losses, together with the radiation patterns and gain are presented and discussed.
Komunikacja bezprzewodowa w obszarach przemysłowychAgnieszka Kuba
Tematyka poruszana w prezentacji:
Podstawy transmisji radiowej
Parametry transmisji radiowej
Ścieżka nadawania
Spadek jakości sygnału wraz ze wzrostem odległości
Wzmocnienie sygnału radiowego
Odbicia i tłumienność
Wpływ czynników atmosferycznych na sygnał radiowy
Typy anten
Równoległe współistnienie sieci bezprzewodowych
Wpływ zakłóceń na sygnał radiowy
The document describes the design of a planar inverted multiband slotted patch antenna for RFID applications. Some key points:
- The antenna was designed to operate in the UWB frequency range to avoid metal-water problems and enable low-profile and high data rate operation.
- Design calculations were shown for parameters like width, length, effective dielectric constant. Specifications included a reinforced fiber-glass substrate with epsilon-r of 4.6.
- The prototype antenna had dimensions of 15x12x1.6 mm and experimental results showed improved data rate of 86%, size reduced by 50%, and power consumption reduced by 38% compared to existing designs.
MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS FOR RFID APPLICATION USING META-MATERIALNIKITA JANJAL
Microstrip patch antennas has many advantage due to light weight and small size,
low cost but also have some disadvantage as low gain , narrow band width these are the
two important parameters. This design shows how we can increase the performance of the
patch antenna by using metamaterials or how we can improve the gain & bandwidth. Here
it provide the introduction of meta materials and microstrip patch antenna after that describe
the parameter of microstrip patch antenna which can improve by using metamaterials and
discuss future scope and application of metamaterials.[6].
The Metamaterial based antenna is designed for some improvement in the performance
of directivity gain, return loss and size of circuit area. The aim is to design and
fabricate metamaterial antenna and study the effect of antenna dimensions Length (L),Width
(W) and substrate parameters relative Dielectric constant (r), substrate thickness on Radiation
parameters of Band width. Low dielectric constant substrates are generally preferred for
maximum radiation. The conducting patch can take any shape but rectangular and circular
configurations are the most commonly used configuration.
Other configurations are complex to analyze and require heavy numerical computations.
The length of the antenna is nearly half wavelength in the dielectric; it is a very
critical parameter, which governs the resonant frequency of the antenna. In view of design,
selection of the patch width and length are the major parameters along with the feed line
depth.
The results obtained after simulation in High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS)
were so much effective with the considerable enhancement in the values of directivity, bandwidth.
Modelling of this omega shaped patch antenna has revealed results that are suitable
AISSMS COE, M.E. E&TC (MICROWAVE) YEAR 2014-15 14
METHODOLOGY
for RFID antenna design. It simulated a rectangular patch antenna with metamaterial included
which has much higher directivity and bandwidth that can be employed for UHF
band which is one of the pre requisite of the following era. RFID has been one of the greatest
contributions of the 21st century.
It has many implementations in different fields may be in medical, military applications,
transportation, tracking items etc. The main barrier for widespread deployment of
this technology is its cost barrier which can be resolved through use of modern technologies
for building circuits with minimal costs.
How to design Microstrip patch antenna design in ads 2009THANDAIAH PRABU
This document provides information on how to design microstrip patch antennas in ADS 2009 software. It discusses different types of microstrip antenna feeds such as microstrip line feed, coaxial feed, aperture coupled feed, and proximity coupled feed. It also compares these different feed types and summarizes their characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. The document includes an example of designing a rectangular microstrip patch antenna on a dielectric substrate to resonate at 10GHz. It further compares ADS, HFSS, and CST electromagnetic simulation software and recommends ADS 2009 as a good choice for both frequency domain and circuit simulations. Contact information is provided at the end.
Design & Study of Microstrip Patch Antenna.The project here provides a detailed study of how to design a probe-fed Square Micro-strip Patch Antenna using HFSS, v11.0 software and study the effect of antenna dimensions Length (L), and substrate parameters relative Dielectric constant (εr), substrate thickness (t) on the Radiation parameters of Bandwidth and Beam-width.
A Miniature RFID Antenna at UHF Band using Meander-Line Technique IJECEIAES
This paper displays a new design of a small antenna proposed for radiofrequency identification (RFID) applications in the UHF band (ultra-high frequency). Our antenna is constituted of two rectangular patches linked together with a meander line. Using this technique reduction in antenna size of equal to 62% with respect to the conventional antenna was achieved. The antenna has a simple structure and small antenna size of 60 x 74mm or 0.184 λ0 x 0.226 . It has been fabricated on a low-cost FR4 substrate and measured to validate the simulation performances. The measured bandwidth is around 54.4 MHz (889.3 - 943.7 MHz) with reflection coefficient less than 10 dB, which covers all of the American RFID band (902 - 928 MHz), Chinese RFID band (920.5 - 924.5 MHz), Korea Republic and Japan RFID band ( 917 - 923.5 MHz). The design and simulations have been effected by electromagnetic simulators HFSS and CST microwave studio. A good accord is getting between the simulated and measured results. This antenna is intended for the reader of RFID applications. λ0 2
A Simple Uhf Rfid Circularly-Polarized Reader Antenna DesignIJERA Editor
In this paper, the simple antenna is proposed for ultra high- frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification
(RFID) application. It is designed to achieve circular polarization with unidirectional beam. The antenna is
composed of the truncated radiation patch and ground plane. The simulation results show that the antenna
achieves the return loss of -31.92 dB, gain of 8 dBic, axial ratio (AR) of 1.8 dB and 3 dB AR beamwidth of 60
degree over the band width of 915-928 MHz.
1) The document describes the design of an inset fed microstrip patch antenna for RFID applications operating at 2.35 GHz. The antenna was designed using Rogers Duroid substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and thickness of 0.8mm.
2) Simulation results showed the designed antenna achieved a gain of 5.179 dB and return loss of -24 dB, which are improvements over the baseline antenna. The modified antenna also has higher radiation efficiency, bandwidth, and directivity while occupying less area.
3) The proposed antenna design offers a low cost solution for RFID applications such as supply chain automation and warehouse inventory tracking due to its simple structure and manufacturing process.
Designing of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for C-Band ApplicationIJMER
Microstrip patch antenna becoming very popular day by day because of its ease of analysis, fabrication, low cast, light weight easy to feed and their attractive radiation characteristics. In this paper we proposed the designed of rectangular microstrip patch antenna to operate at frequency range 5-6 GHz. The simulation is carried out using high frequency simulation structure (HFSS) program.
The antenna is based on the modified epoxy substrate with dielectric constant of approximate 4.4. After simulation rectangular microstrip antenna performs characteristics such as VSWR & return loss smith chart
A New Dual Band Printed Metamaterial Antenna for RFID Reader Applications IJECEIAES
In this paper, we present a new dual band metamaterial printed antenna for radio frequency identification applications. The proposed antenna consists of two L-shaped slot in the radiating element for dual band operation and a complementary split ring resonator etched from the ground plane for size miniaturization. This antenna is designed and optimized by CST microwave studio on FR-4 substrate with thickness of 1.6 mm, dielectric constant of 4.4 and tangent loss of 0.025. A microstrip line with characteristic impedance of 50 ohms is used to feed this antenna. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated to validate the simulation results. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement.
A Universal Printed Antenna for UHF RFID Applicationsijtsrd
In this paper, a printed rectangular monopole antenna is designed for RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) reader applications. The antenna is designed to operate at a frequency of 860 MHz to 960 MHz allocated for UHF RFID universal (worldwide) band. The antenna simulation is analyzed using 3D EM simulator, FEKO Software. The result of the antenna parameters such as radiation pattern, reflection coefficient and gain are also discussed. The proposed antenna is simple in design and fair in size. Thein Kyithar"A Universal Printed Antenna for UHF RFID Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18219.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/18219/a-universal-printed-antenna-for-uhf-rfid-applications/thein-kyithar
`
DESIGN OF DUAL BAND DISSIMILAR PATCH SIZE ARRAY ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS APPLICAT...ijistjournal
This paper deals with the design of a dual band array antenna for wireless applications such as LTE (Long Term Evolution), WiMAX etc…that resonates at 3.5 GHz and 5 GHz respectively. The substrate used for design is FR4 (∈ =4.6) and the software used for simulation is Agilent ADS Momentum. The concept of dissimilar patch size array antenna has been introduced. So patches of different dimensions have been used in the array and their corresponding results are validated based on various antenna parameters like VSWR, gain, directivity and power radiated.
Design of dual band dissimilar patch sizeijistjournal
This paper deals with the design of a dual band array antenna for wireless applications such as LTE (Long
Term Evolution), WiMAX etc…that resonates at 3.5 GHz and 5 GHz respectively. The substrate used for design
is FR4 (∈ =4.6) and the software used for simulation is Agilent ADS Momentum. The concept of dissimilar
patch size array antenna has been introduced. So patches of different dimensions have been used in the array
and their corresponding results are validated based on various antenna parameters like VSWR, gain, directivity
and power radiated.
Design of Uhf Band Microstrip-Fed Antenna for Rfid ApplicationsIOSR Journals
1) An L-shaped microstrip-fed antenna with an embedded T-shaped slot is proposed for UHF RFID applications.
2) Simulation results show the antenna operates in the UHF RFID band of 0.862-0.925 GHz with a return loss of -10 dB and VSWR of 1.03 at 0.897 GHz.
3) Current distribution and radiation patterns were obtained through simulation, showing maximum polarization and desirable radiation for RFID use.
The document describes a proposed broadband circularly polarized patch antenna for universal ultra-high-frequency (UHF) RFID applications between 818-964 MHz. The antenna consists of two corner-truncated patches and a suspended microstrip line with open-circuited termination. The main patch is fed by four probes sequentially connected to the suspended microstrip feed line. Measurements show the antenna achieves a return loss of 15 dB, gain of 8.3 dBic, axial ratio of 3 dB, and 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth of 75 degrees, making it suitable for UHF RFID applications worldwide in the 840-960 MHz band. A parametric study is also conducted to aid the design and optimization process
A Review paper on design for microstrip patch antennaIRJET Journal
This document reviews techniques for designing efficient microstrip patch antennas. It summarizes several papers that propose different techniques such as slot cutting, fractal geometry, and defected ground structures to improve antenna characteristics like bandwidth and gain. It then describes the design of an initiator patch antenna, including selecting parameters like operating frequency, dielectric constant, and substrate height. Dimensions of the initiator patch are calculated and different shaped slots are analyzed to modify the design. In conclusion, while techniques can improve limitations, further research is still needed to address issues like complex structures and reduced bandwidth or gain.
Tri-band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Satellite Communicationijtsrd
A compact and high gain micro strip patch antenna is proposed for satellite communication. The antenna covers the frequency of C-band, X-band and Ku-band. The proposed antenna having the maximum reflection coefficient of -28.076 at 13.13GHz. This antenna achieves high gain and directivity. Four circular slots are inserted into the rectangular patch of the antenna. Low cost FR4 dielectric is used as a substrate material. The antenna provides the bandwidth of 14GHz. The gain achieved by the antenna is 3.04dBi at 4GHz, 4.90dBi at 8GHz, 1.88dBi at 12GHz and 8.29dBi at 18GHz. The design and simulation of the Microstrip antenna is done by Advanced Design System(ADS) software 2016 version. Abirami R | Jasmine Vijithra A | Benisha M"Tri-band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Satellite Communication" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11290.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/11290/tri-band-microstrip-patch-antenna-for-satellite-communication/abirami-r
A Novel Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna for Worldwide UHF Band RFID Rea...IJERA Editor
This document presents the design of a novel wideband circularly polarized antenna for UHF RFID reader applications. The antenna uses an air-substrate truncated patch structure to achieve circular polarization. It consists of a radiating patch, suspended microstrip feed line, and ground plane with no dielectric. Four feeding probes connected to a feed network are used to generate quadrature signals and excite circular polarization on the patch. Simulation results show the antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 840-960 MHz and axial ratio bandwidth where AR is less than 3. The antenna has a gain over 8 dB and is suitable for universal UHF RFID applications due to its wide bandwidth and simple design.
A Review on Microstrip Patch Antenna for UHF RFID Tag Applications mounted on...IJEEE
In this paper, we discuss different designs of microstrip patch antennas for UHF RFID Tag applications mounted on metallic surface. We discuss the various requirements of such designs like size, bandwidth, circular polarization. Out of UHF band 860MHz to 960MHz is assigned for RFID applications.
Performance Analysis of Corporate Feed Rectangular Patch Element and Circular...Mohamed Hassouna
This paper present simple, slim, low cost and high gain circular patch and rectangular patch microstrip array antenna, with the details steps of design process, operate in X-band(8 GHz to 12 GHz) and it provides a mean to choose the effective one based on the performance analysis of both of these array antennas. The method of analysis, design and development of these array antennas are explained completely here and analyses are carried out for 4x2 arrays. The simulation has been performed by using commercially available antenna simulator, SONNET version V12.56, to compute the current distribution, return loss response and radiation pattern. The proposed antennas are designed by using Taconic TLY-5 dielectric substrate with permittivity, εr = 2.2 and height, h =1.588 mm. In all cases we get return losses in the range -4.96 dB to -25.21 dB at frequencies around 10 GHz. The gain of these antennas as simulated are found above 6 dB and side lobe label is maintained lower than main lobe. Operating frequency of these antennas is 10 GHz so these antennas are suitable for X-band application.
Design of Isotropic Planar Antenna for Radio Frequency IdentificationIJTET Journal
comAbstract : This paper proposes an antenna which consists of four sequential rotated L-shaped monopoles that are fed by a compact uniform sequential-phase (SP) feeding network with equal amplitude and incremental 90deg phase delay. Since SP feeding is used, separate feeding is not given to all four monopole antennas. Symmetrical meander lines are used in this antenna. Rotated field method is used for a full spatial coverage with good gain deviation. RFID is used for the purpose of automatically identifying and tracking the tags attached to the object. Planar Antenna, works in 2.45 GHz and this can be used for RFID application.Since RFID tag antennas are costly, it can be replaced by planar antennas. This Planar antenna works at the bandwidth of 39 MHz and covers a distance of one-two meters with good impedance matching.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document describes the design of a microstrip patch antenna for WiMAX applications at 8.5 GHz. The antenna is designed using Advanced Design System software. It consists of a patch, ground plane, and Roger R04003C dielectric substrate. Simulation results show the antenna has a gain of 6.2 dB and return loss of -0.3 dB at a resonant frequency of 7.1 GHz. Plots of S-parameters, far-field patterns, polarization, and radiation patterns are provided from the simulations. The designed antenna achieves good performance for WiMAX applications in the specified frequency range.
A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX APPLIC...jantjournal
ABSTRACT
A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz (ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
KEYWORDS
MSPA, Rectangular slots, Return loss, WLAN, WiMAX
A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX APPLIC...jantjournal
A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz (ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction
and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX APPLIC...jantjournal
A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz (ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX APPLIC...jantjournal
A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz (ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local
Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
A survey on Energy Efficient ProtocolsLEACH, Fuzzy-based approach and Neural ...IJEEE
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) plays a very important role in transmitting the data from source to destination but energy consumption is one of the major challenges in these networks. WSN consists of hundreds to thousands of nodes which consume energy while transmitting the information and with a span of time whole energy get consumed and network life time gets reduced. Clustering and Cluster head (CH) selection are important parameters used to enhance the lifetime of the WSN. Clustering use two methods: rotating CH periodically in every round to distribute the energy consumption among nodes and the node with more residual energy becomes CH.This research paper is focused on the performance of the techniques used to enhance the energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Low- Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Fuzzy- Based and Neural Network are some of the important techniques used. MATLAB simulation tool is considered in this paper.
Implementation of Back-Propagation Neural Network using Scilab and its Conver...IJEEE
Artificial neural network has been widely used for solving non-linear complex tasks. With the development of computer technology, machine learning techniques are becoming good choice. The selection of the machine learning technique depends upon the viability for particular application. Most of the non-linear problems have been solved using back propagation based neural network. The training time of neural network is directly affected by convergence speed. Several efforts are done to improve the convergence speed of back propagation algorithm. This paper focuses on the implementation of back-propagation algorithm and an effort to improve its convergence speed. The algorithm is written in SCILAB. UCI standard data set is used for analysis purposes. Proposed modification in standard backpropagation algorithm provides substantial improvement in the convergence speed.
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Similar to Microstrip Patch Antenna for RFID Handheld Reader Applications- A Review
1) The document describes the design of an inset fed microstrip patch antenna for RFID applications operating at 2.35 GHz. The antenna was designed using Rogers Duroid substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and thickness of 0.8mm.
2) Simulation results showed the designed antenna achieved a gain of 5.179 dB and return loss of -24 dB, which are improvements over the baseline antenna. The modified antenna also has higher radiation efficiency, bandwidth, and directivity while occupying less area.
3) The proposed antenna design offers a low cost solution for RFID applications such as supply chain automation and warehouse inventory tracking due to its simple structure and manufacturing process.
Designing of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for C-Band ApplicationIJMER
Microstrip patch antenna becoming very popular day by day because of its ease of analysis, fabrication, low cast, light weight easy to feed and their attractive radiation characteristics. In this paper we proposed the designed of rectangular microstrip patch antenna to operate at frequency range 5-6 GHz. The simulation is carried out using high frequency simulation structure (HFSS) program.
The antenna is based on the modified epoxy substrate with dielectric constant of approximate 4.4. After simulation rectangular microstrip antenna performs characteristics such as VSWR & return loss smith chart
A New Dual Band Printed Metamaterial Antenna for RFID Reader Applications IJECEIAES
In this paper, we present a new dual band metamaterial printed antenna for radio frequency identification applications. The proposed antenna consists of two L-shaped slot in the radiating element for dual band operation and a complementary split ring resonator etched from the ground plane for size miniaturization. This antenna is designed and optimized by CST microwave studio on FR-4 substrate with thickness of 1.6 mm, dielectric constant of 4.4 and tangent loss of 0.025. A microstrip line with characteristic impedance of 50 ohms is used to feed this antenna. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated to validate the simulation results. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement.
A Universal Printed Antenna for UHF RFID Applicationsijtsrd
In this paper, a printed rectangular monopole antenna is designed for RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) reader applications. The antenna is designed to operate at a frequency of 860 MHz to 960 MHz allocated for UHF RFID universal (worldwide) band. The antenna simulation is analyzed using 3D EM simulator, FEKO Software. The result of the antenna parameters such as radiation pattern, reflection coefficient and gain are also discussed. The proposed antenna is simple in design and fair in size. Thein Kyithar"A Universal Printed Antenna for UHF RFID Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18219.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/18219/a-universal-printed-antenna-for-uhf-rfid-applications/thein-kyithar
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DESIGN OF DUAL BAND DISSIMILAR PATCH SIZE ARRAY ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS APPLICAT...ijistjournal
This paper deals with the design of a dual band array antenna for wireless applications such as LTE (Long Term Evolution), WiMAX etc…that resonates at 3.5 GHz and 5 GHz respectively. The substrate used for design is FR4 (∈ =4.6) and the software used for simulation is Agilent ADS Momentum. The concept of dissimilar patch size array antenna has been introduced. So patches of different dimensions have been used in the array and their corresponding results are validated based on various antenna parameters like VSWR, gain, directivity and power radiated.
Design of dual band dissimilar patch sizeijistjournal
This paper deals with the design of a dual band array antenna for wireless applications such as LTE (Long
Term Evolution), WiMAX etc…that resonates at 3.5 GHz and 5 GHz respectively. The substrate used for design
is FR4 (∈ =4.6) and the software used for simulation is Agilent ADS Momentum. The concept of dissimilar
patch size array antenna has been introduced. So patches of different dimensions have been used in the array
and their corresponding results are validated based on various antenna parameters like VSWR, gain, directivity
and power radiated.
Design of Uhf Band Microstrip-Fed Antenna for Rfid ApplicationsIOSR Journals
1) An L-shaped microstrip-fed antenna with an embedded T-shaped slot is proposed for UHF RFID applications.
2) Simulation results show the antenna operates in the UHF RFID band of 0.862-0.925 GHz with a return loss of -10 dB and VSWR of 1.03 at 0.897 GHz.
3) Current distribution and radiation patterns were obtained through simulation, showing maximum polarization and desirable radiation for RFID use.
The document describes a proposed broadband circularly polarized patch antenna for universal ultra-high-frequency (UHF) RFID applications between 818-964 MHz. The antenna consists of two corner-truncated patches and a suspended microstrip line with open-circuited termination. The main patch is fed by four probes sequentially connected to the suspended microstrip feed line. Measurements show the antenna achieves a return loss of 15 dB, gain of 8.3 dBic, axial ratio of 3 dB, and 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth of 75 degrees, making it suitable for UHF RFID applications worldwide in the 840-960 MHz band. A parametric study is also conducted to aid the design and optimization process
A Review paper on design for microstrip patch antennaIRJET Journal
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A compact and high gain micro strip patch antenna is proposed for satellite communication. The antenna covers the frequency of C-band, X-band and Ku-band. The proposed antenna having the maximum reflection coefficient of -28.076 at 13.13GHz. This antenna achieves high gain and directivity. Four circular slots are inserted into the rectangular patch of the antenna. Low cost FR4 dielectric is used as a substrate material. The antenna provides the bandwidth of 14GHz. The gain achieved by the antenna is 3.04dBi at 4GHz, 4.90dBi at 8GHz, 1.88dBi at 12GHz and 8.29dBi at 18GHz. The design and simulation of the Microstrip antenna is done by Advanced Design System(ADS) software 2016 version. Abirami R | Jasmine Vijithra A | Benisha M"Tri-band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Satellite Communication" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11290.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/11290/tri-band-microstrip-patch-antenna-for-satellite-communication/abirami-r
A Novel Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna for Worldwide UHF Band RFID Rea...IJERA Editor
This document presents the design of a novel wideband circularly polarized antenna for UHF RFID reader applications. The antenna uses an air-substrate truncated patch structure to achieve circular polarization. It consists of a radiating patch, suspended microstrip feed line, and ground plane with no dielectric. Four feeding probes connected to a feed network are used to generate quadrature signals and excite circular polarization on the patch. Simulation results show the antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 840-960 MHz and axial ratio bandwidth where AR is less than 3. The antenna has a gain over 8 dB and is suitable for universal UHF RFID applications due to its wide bandwidth and simple design.
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Performance Analysis of Corporate Feed Rectangular Patch Element and Circular...Mohamed Hassouna
This paper present simple, slim, low cost and high gain circular patch and rectangular patch microstrip array antenna, with the details steps of design process, operate in X-band(8 GHz to 12 GHz) and it provides a mean to choose the effective one based on the performance analysis of both of these array antennas. The method of analysis, design and development of these array antennas are explained completely here and analyses are carried out for 4x2 arrays. The simulation has been performed by using commercially available antenna simulator, SONNET version V12.56, to compute the current distribution, return loss response and radiation pattern. The proposed antennas are designed by using Taconic TLY-5 dielectric substrate with permittivity, εr = 2.2 and height, h =1.588 mm. In all cases we get return losses in the range -4.96 dB to -25.21 dB at frequencies around 10 GHz. The gain of these antennas as simulated are found above 6 dB and side lobe label is maintained lower than main lobe. Operating frequency of these antennas is 10 GHz so these antennas are suitable for X-band application.
Design of Isotropic Planar Antenna for Radio Frequency IdentificationIJTET Journal
comAbstract : This paper proposes an antenna which consists of four sequential rotated L-shaped monopoles that are fed by a compact uniform sequential-phase (SP) feeding network with equal amplitude and incremental 90deg phase delay. Since SP feeding is used, separate feeding is not given to all four monopole antennas. Symmetrical meander lines are used in this antenna. Rotated field method is used for a full spatial coverage with good gain deviation. RFID is used for the purpose of automatically identifying and tracking the tags attached to the object. Planar Antenna, works in 2.45 GHz and this can be used for RFID application.Since RFID tag antennas are costly, it can be replaced by planar antennas. This Planar antenna works at the bandwidth of 39 MHz and covers a distance of one-two meters with good impedance matching.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document describes the design of a microstrip patch antenna for WiMAX applications at 8.5 GHz. The antenna is designed using Advanced Design System software. It consists of a patch, ground plane, and Roger R04003C dielectric substrate. Simulation results show the antenna has a gain of 6.2 dB and return loss of -0.3 dB at a resonant frequency of 7.1 GHz. Plots of S-parameters, far-field patterns, polarization, and radiation patterns are provided from the simulations. The designed antenna achieves good performance for WiMAX applications in the specified frequency range.
A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX APPLIC...jantjournal
ABSTRACT
A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz (ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
KEYWORDS
MSPA, Rectangular slots, Return loss, WLAN, WiMAX
A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX APPLIC...jantjournal
A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz (ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction
and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX APPLIC...jantjournal
A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz (ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX APPLIC...jantjournal
A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz (ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local
Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
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Microstrip Patch Antenna for RFID Handheld Reader Applications- A Review
1. www.ijeee-apm.com International Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering 19
IJEEE, Vol. 1, Issue 2 (April 2014) e-ISSN: 1694-2310 | p-ISSN: 1694-2426
Microstrip Patch Antenna for RFID Handheld
Reader Applications- A Review
Charu Sharma1
, Ritu Gupta2
1,2
Electronics and Communication Department
1,2
Rayat and Bahra Institute of Engineering and Biotechnology, Mohali, India
1
sharma.charu28@gmail.com, 2
erritugupta02@gmail.com
Abstract-This paper presents a study of various designs of
microstrip patch antenna for Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) handheld reader applications in Ultra
High Frequency band (860-960MHZ). In this
paper,various characteristics of those antennas are
alsodiscussed.
Index Terms- Circular Polarization, Microstrip Patch
Antenna, Radio Frequency Identification, RFID Reader
Antenna
I. INTRODUCTION
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic
identification technique to transmit the identity of an object
wirelessly through radio waves. RFID does not need any
line of sight to read data and is more robust than barcode.
This technology has been rapidly developing in many
service industries, distribution logistics, manufacturing
companies and goods flow system.
RFID system consists of three components as:
An antenna or coil.
A transceiver (RF Reader).
A transponder (RF tag).
The antenna is used to emits the radio signals to
activate the tag and to read and write data to it. An RFID
reader emits electromagnetic signals where an RFID tag
draws power from it. This power is then used to energize
the microchip’s circuits. The chip then modulates the
waves and sends back this modulated wave to the reader
[7].
The RFID system is available at Low Frequency
(135KHZ), High Frequency (13.56MHZ), Ultra High
Frequency (860-960MHZ) and microwave bands (2.45 &
5.8 GHZ). The frequencies for UHF RFID are not
universal worldwide. The frequency is from 840 MHz to
960 MHz with different sub-bands such as 902-928 MHz
for North-South America, 865-867 MHz for Europe and
840-955 MHz for Asia-Pacific region. In Asia-Pacific
region, the UHF RFID frequency ranges from 840 MHz to
955 MHz in different countries: China (840.5-844.5 MHz,
920.5-924.5 MHz), Japan (952-955 MHz), India (865-867
MHz), Hong Kong (865-868 MHz, 920-925 MHz), Taiwan
(920-928 MHz), Korea (908.5-910 MHz, 910-914 MHz),
Singapore (866-869 MHz, 923-925 MHz), Australia (920-
926 MHz) etc. [3].
RFID Reader consists of RF transmitter and receiver
controlled by microprocessor or digital signal processor.
The transmitter consists of an oscillator to create the carrier
frequency, a modulator to put data commands on this
carrier signal and an amplifier to boost the signal quite
enough to awaken the tag.The signal is transmitted and
received by the antenna to and from the tag.The receiver
has a demodulator used to extract the returned data and
also contains an amplifier to strengthen the signal. A
microprocessor acts as a control unit, which employs an
operating system and memory to filter and store the data.
Classification of RFID reader based on
communication between reader and tag:
Passive RFID Reader: A passive reader only
receives the signals from an active tag.
Active RFID Reader: An active reader transmits
the interrogator signals and also receives the
replies from passive tags.
RFID reader can also be classified based on
application:
Fixed Reader: These readers are used to create
portals for automated reading. These readers
normally have 2-4 antennas so it can read tags as
they pass by. These types of readers can be used
to read the tags as they enter the room, pass
through warehouse dock door etc.
Mobile Reader: Mobile reader is a compact
solution with an integrated antenna that enables a
manual identification of objects. Mobile reader
can be handheld or mounted on vehicles. These
readers can be used to read the tags for asset
tracking, inventory management etc.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
In this paper [1], a compact circularly polarized
microstrip antenna with slits had been proposed for
RFID handheld reader applications. A square patch
radiator with a length of 80.0mm is used. The substrate
material used is RO3004 (thickness= 4.572mm,
dielectric constant=3.38, loss tangent= 0.002). The
ground plane size (G) is 90 × 90mm2
. Four V-shaped
slits are cut diagonally onto the square patch radiator.
The four slits are located at (P1, P1) and (P2, P2) along the
diagonal axes from the centre of square patch
(P1=P2=15.5mm). The areas of these slits depends upon
P1, P2, d1, and d2 (d1 = 4.6, d2 = 3.0mm). V1, V2, V3, V4
are the areas of slits. The areas of diagonal slit pairs are
taken same i.e. V1 = V3 and V2 = V4. The slits cut on
the diagonal axes of patch radiator helps in the size
reduction of antenna with circular polarization. The
feeding technique used is co-axial feed. The coaxial feed
is located on y- axis at a distance of 11.5mm from the
centre of square patch. The resonant frequency of
2. International Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering 20 www.ijeee-apm.com
antenna is 920MHZ. A measured 3dB axial ratio
bandwidth is 4.0MHZ. The impedance bandwidth is
19.0MHZ. The measured gain of antenna is 3.6 dBic.
The overall size of antenna is 0.276λ0 × 0.276λ0 ×
0.014λ0. A square patch radiator with slits is shown in
figure:
Fig. 1. Square Patch with slits. [1]
In this paper [2], asymmetric circular shaped slotted
microstrip patch antennas had been proposed for handheld
Radio Frequency Identification reader application. These
antennas are made on two different substrates: one is
RO4003C and another is FR4 substrate. Firstly, we
discussed antenna made on RO4003C substrate. A square
patch radiator with a length of 78.0mm is used. The
substrate material used is RO4003C (thickness= 4.572mm,
dielectric constant=3.38, loss tangent= 0.002). The ground
plane size (G) is 90 × 90mm2
. Four unequal slots are cut on
the square patch radiator and are located symmetrically at
S, S (S = 19.5mm) along the diagonal direction from the
centre of square patch radiator. The radii of four unequal
circular slots are r1 = 11.75, r2 = 10.0mm, r3 = 8.0mm, r4 =
6.0mm respectively. These slots are located at 450
to the
feed-location axis. Four symmetric slits are cut on along
the orthogonal directions on the square patch radiator. The
length and width of square patch radiator is sl= 16.0mm
and sw= 1.0mm respectively. The feeding technique used is
co-axial feed. The co-axial feed is located on x-axis at a
distance of 15.0mm from the center of slotted square patch.
The resonant frequency of antenna is 900MHZ. A
measured 3dB axial ratio bandwidth is 6.0MHZ. The
impedance bandwidth is 17.0MHZ. The measured gain of
antenna is 3.7 dBic. The overall size of antenna is 0.27λ0 ×
0.27λ0 × 0.0137λ0 at 900MHZ.
Another asymmetric circular shaped slotted microstrip
patch antenna is fabricated on FR4 substrate (thickness =
4.8mm, dielectric constant = 4.3, loss tangent = 0.02). A
square patch radiator with a length of 72.0mmis used. The
ground plane size (G) is 90 × 90mm2
. Two unequal slots
are cut on the square patch radiator and are located
symmetrically at S, S (S = 19.5mm) along the diagonal
direction from the centre of square patch radiator. The radii
of for unequal circular slots are r1 = 12.0mm, r2 = 5.0mm
respectively. Four symmetric slits are cut on along the
orthogonal directions on the square patch radiator. The
length and width of square patch radiator is sl= 10.0mm
and sw= 4.0mm respectively. The feeding technique used is
co-axial feed. The co-axial feed is located on x-axis at a
distance of 17.0mm from the center of slotted square patch.
A measured 3dB axial ratio bandwidth is 12.0MHZ. The
impedance bandwidth is 38.0MHZ. The measured gain of
antenna is 0.5 dBic. The overall size of antenna is 90 × 90
× 4.8mm3.
It had been concluded that the 3-dB axial ratio
bandwidth of antenna on FR4 substrate is more than the
antenna on RO4003C. The gain of antenna on RO4003C
substrate is more than antenna on FR4 substrate.
The asymmetric circular shaped slotted microstrip
patch made on RO4003C substrate is shown in figure:
Fig. 2. Asymmetric- circular shaped slotted microstrip patch radiator. [2]
In this paper [3], a compact arc-shaped slotted
circularly polarized microstrip antenna has been presented
for Ultra High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification
handheld reader applications. A square patch radiator with
a length of 80.4mmis used. The substrate material used is
RO3004 (thickness = 4.572mm, dielectric constant = 3.38,
loss tangent = 0.0027). The ground plane size (G) is 90 ×
90mm2
. Four unequal arc- shaped slots are cut diagonally
on the square patch radiator. The outer and inner radii of
arc shaped slots are 20.2mm and 16.0mm, respectively.
These arc shaped slots are positioned along a circle with a
radius of 18.1mm and the centre of patch is taken as the
origin. Lengths of these slots are 33.25mm, 30.5mm,
23.0mm, 11.5mm, respectively. The feeding technique
used is coaxial feed. The location of coaxial feed on x-axis
is at a distance of 16.0 from the centre of slotted square
patch. The antenna is designed with IE3D simulator. In this
paper, the miniaturization is achieved by embedded slot
onto square patch. The circular polarization is achieved by
slightly changing the area of circumference of adjacent
slots. The resonant frequency of antenna is 924MHZ. The
measured 3dB axial ratio bandwidth is 8.0MHZ. The
measured 10dB return loss bandwidth is 24.0 MHZ. The
gain of antenna is up to 3.7dBic. The overall size of
antenna is 0.277λ0 × 0.277λ0 × 0.0141λ0 at 924MHZ. The
proposed arc-shaped slotted square patch radiator is shown
in figure:
3. www.ijeee-apm.com International Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering 21
Fig3. Arc-shaped slotted square patch. [3]
In paper [4], a compact slotted slit patch antenna
had been proposed for Radio Frequency Identification
handheld reader application. A square patch radiator with a
length (L) of 76.0mmis used. The substrate material used is
RO3004 (thickness = 4.572mm, dielectric constant = 3.38,
loss tangent = 0.0027). The ground plane size (G) is 90 ×
90mm2
. Two unequal circular shaped slots are cut along
one of the diagonally axes on square patch with radii of
9.5mm and 5.0mm, respectively. Four slits are cut along
the orthogonal axes on the square patch radiator. The
length and width of these slits are 18.25mm and 1.5mm,
respectively. The feeding technique used is coaxial feed.
The coaxial feed is located on y-axis at a distance of
10.0mm from the centre of patch. The antenna is designed
with IE3D simulator. The circular polarization is achieved
by using two unequal size circular slots along one of the
diagonal axes of the square patch. Slits along the
orthogonal axes of square patch can further reduce the
antenna size. The resonant frequency of antenna is
910MHZ. The measured 3dB axial ratio bandwidth is
5.0MHZ. The measured impedance bandwidth is
12.0MHZ. The measured gain of antenna is 4.0dBic. The
overall antenna size is 0.273λ0 × 0.273λ0 × 0.0139λ0 at
910MHZ. The proposed slotted-slit microstrip patch
radiator is shown in figure:
Fig4. Slotted –slit- microstrip patch radiator. [4]
In this paper [5], a novel circular polarization
RFID reader antenna with a multi-bending feeding strip
had been proposed for handheld application. This antenna
consists of radiating patch, an antenna ground plane, a
multi- bending feeding strip with 50ohm SMA connector
and a system ground plane. A square patch radiator with a
length (L) of 19.0mmis used. This antenna is designed on
high dielectric constant ceramic substrate (thickness =
4mm, dielectric constant = 60, loss tangent = 0.001) with a
size of 27 × 27mm2
. The radiating patch is printed on the
upper side of substrate and antenna ground plane is printed
on lower side of substrate. Multi-bending feeding strip is
printed on the ceramic substrate matches the characteristic
of coaxial cable from RF module. The dimensions of
multi-bending feeding strip are UA = 7.5, UB = 2.5, W = 1,
LA = 6, LB = 1.5. The system ground plane is etched on
FR4 substrate (thickness=0.8mm, dielectric constant=4.4)
to create a more concentrated radiation beamwidth and
good shielding metal to reduce the user’s hand positioning
effect. The antenna is simulated using Ansoft HFSS
simulator. The resonant frequency of antenna can be
controlled by adjusting the size of top radiating patch. Two
orthogonal field components with 900
phase difference for
circular polarization can be obtained by optimizing multi-
bending feeding strip. The resonant frequency of antenna is
925MHZ. The return loss bandwidth of antenna is
17.0MHZ. The proposed antenna size is around 80 × 80 ×
4.8mm3
. The design of antenna is shown in figure:
Fig5.3-D view of antenna. [5]
In this paper [6], proximity –fed circularly
polarized slotted patch antenna had been proposed for
RFID handheld reader application. A square patch radiator
with a length of 60mm is used. The substrate material used
is FR4 (thickness = 0.8mm, dielectric constant=4.4). The
same FR4 substrate is used for ground plane and height of
air substrate is selected as 13.4mm. An X-shaped slot of
57.9 × 7.5mm2
is cut along the diagonal of patch radiator.
A cross-strip with width of 1.5mm is embedded in X-
shaped slot and has tuning stubs of different length
(La=17.5mm and Lb=22.5mm).The feeding technique used
is proximity feed. A single coaxial probe is located at the
centre of square patch radiator and is connected to the
cross strip. This patch is electromagnetically coupled from
the cross-strip through a gap distance of 0.75mm. Two
pairs of T-shaped slots of unequal length (Sx= 17.9mm,
Sy= 18.9mm) are cut on patch radiator and connected to the
X-shaped slot at an angle of 450
. The antenna is designed
using HFSS simulator. A cross strip is embedded along the
X-shaped slot for achieving circular polarization. Two
pairs of T-shaped slots cut orthogonally on square patch
radiator connected to the centre of the X-shaped slot for
circular polarization and size reduction of antenna. The
resonant frequency of antenna is 923MHZ. The 10dB
return loss bandwidth is 26.0MHZ. The axial ratio
bandwidth is 12.0MHZ. The gain of antenna is 4.0dBic.
The overall size of antenna is 0.19λ0 × 0.19λ0 × 0.046λ0 at
923MHZ. The design of antenna is shown in figure:
4. International Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering 22 www.ijeee-apm.com
Fig. 6. Geometry of X-shaped slotted patch antenna. [6]
III. CONCLUSION
This paper includes a literature survey of some
previous papers on microstrip patch antenna for RFID
handheld reader applications. From above discussed
papers, it is concluded that the main concern is to design
a compact size antenna with good circular polarization
in desired frequency band. In this paper we also
discussed different characteristics of antenna: resonant
frequency, 10dB return loss bandwidth, 3dB axial ratio
bandwidth, antenna size and gain and are summarized
as:
TABLE I: SUMMARY OF DIFFERENT DESIGNS OF MICROSTRIP
PATCH ANTENNA
Ante
nna’
s
para
mete
r
Paper’s Name
Comp
act
circul
arly
polari
zed
micro
strip
anten
na for
RFID
handh
eld
reade
r
applic
ations
.
Asymmetr
ic-
Circular
shaped
slotted
microstrip
antennas
for
circular
polarizati
on and
RFID
applicatio
ns.
Com
pact
arc-
shap
ed
slotte
d
circu
larly
polar
ized
micr
ostri
p
ante
nna
for
RFI
D
Read
ers
A
com
pact
circu
larly
polar
ized
slotte
d-
slit-
micr
ostri
p
patc
h
ante
nna
A
novel
circul
ar
polari
zation
RFID
reade
r
anten
na
with a
multi-
bendi
ng
feedin
g
strip
for
hand
held
applic
ations
Proxi
mity-
Fed
circu
larly
polar
ized
slotte
d
patc
h
ante
nna
for
RFI
D
hand
held
read
er
Mad
e on
RO4
003
C
M
ad
e
on
F
R4
Reso
nant
Freq
uenc
y
(MH
Z)
920 900 - 924 910 925 923
10dB
retur
n
19.0 17.0 38.
0
24.0 12.0 17.0 26.0
loss
band
width
(MH
Z)
3dB
axial
ratio
band
width
(MH
Z)
4.0 6.0 12.
0
8.0 5.0 - 12.0
Gain(
dBic)
3.6 3.7 0.5 3.7 4.0 - 4.0
Patch
’s
size
80.0 ×
80.0m
m2
78.0
×
78.0
mm2
72.
0
×
72.
0
m
m2
80.4
×
80.4
mm2
76.0
×
76.0
mm2
19.0 ×
19.0m
m2
60.0
×
60.0
mm2
Grou
nd
plane
’s
size
90.0 ×
90.0m
m2
90.0
×
90.0
mm2
90.
0
×
90.
0
m
m2
90.0
×
90.0
mm2
90.0
×
90.0
mm2
80.0 ×
80.0
mm2
(syste
m
groun
d
plane
size)
Arou
nd
60 ×
60
mm2
REFERENCES
[1] Nasimuddin, Xianming Qing, ZhiNing Chen, “Compact circularly
polarized microstrip antenna for RFID handheld reader applications”,
Microwave Conference, 2009, APMC 2009 Asia Pcific.
[2] Nasimuddin, Xianming Qing, ZhiNing Chen, “Asymmetric-Circular
shaped slotted microstrip antennas for circular polarization and RFID
applications”, IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, vol. 58,
no. 12, December 2010.
[3] Nasimuddin, Xianming Qing, ZhiNing Chen, “Compact arc-shaped
slotted circularly polarized microstrip antenna for RFID Readers”,
Antenna Technology (iWAT), 2011 International Workshop on.
[4] Nasimuddin, Xianming Qing, ZhiNing Chen, “A compact circularly
polarized slotted-slit-microstrip patch antenna”, Proccedings of the Asia-
Pacific Microwave Conference 2011.
[5] Yuan-Chih Lin , Wen-Shan Chen, Bau-Yi Lee, Tzu-Chen Hung, Chii-
Ruey Lin, “A novel circular polarization RFID reader antenna with a
multi-bending feeding strip for handheld applications”, Progress In
Electromagnetic Research C, vol. 39, 255-264, 2013.
[6] Yi-Fang Lin, Chun-Hsieg Lee, Shan-Cheng Pan, Hua-Ming Chen,
“Proximity-Fed circularly polarized slotted patch antenna for RFID
handheld reader”, IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, vol.
61, no. 10, December 2013.
[7] I. Ismail, S. M. Norzeli, “UHF RFID reader antenna with high gain”,
International Journal of Electric and Electronics System Research, vol.6
June 2013.
AUTHORS
First Author – Charu Sharma: Charu Sharma was born in
1990. She is PursuingM.Tech in Elecronics and
Communication Engineering from RayatAndBahra
Institute of Engineering And Biotechnology, Mohali, India.
She is stydyingmicrostrip patch antenna and its
application.
E-mail address: sharma.charu28@gmail.com
Second Author–Ritu Gupta: Er.Ritu Gupta was born in
1981. She did Bachelor’s degree in the field of Electronics
from MMEC, Mullana in 2002. After that she did Masters
5. www.ijeee-apm.com International Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering 23
in same stream from Thapar University, Patiala in 2004.
During Master’s thesis, she worked on compensation of
polarization mode dispersion in fiber optical links.
Currently, she is pursuing in P.hD in the field of wireless
communication and working as Assistant Prof. in
Electronics department at RayatBahra Institute of
Engineering and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India. Her
research area of interest includes the fields of Optical
communications, Wireless Communication, etc. At present
she is guiding students for their master’s thesis.
E-mail address: erritugupta02@gmail.com
.