A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz (ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction
and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
Parametric Analysis of Single Element U Slot Microstrip AntennaIJSRD
In wireless communication system antennas are the most important element for creating communication link between source and destination. Microsrtip antennas are used for mobile and other satellite communication application because of their light weight, low power handling capacity and low profile. The modern mobile communication system requires high gain, wide bandwidth and minimal size antennas that are capable of providing better performance over a wide range of frequency spectrum. This requirement leads to the design of microsrtip patch array antenna. This paper proposes the parametric analysis of single element U slot MSA. Low dielectric constant substrates are generally preferred for maximum radiation. Thus it prefers FR4 as a dielectric substrate. Desired patch antenna design is simulated by using high frequency simulation software and patch antenna is designed as per requirement. Antenna dimensions such as Length (L), Width (W), and substrate dielectric constant and parameters like Return Loss, Gain, impedance and current distribution are calculated using CAD-FEKO. The antenna has been design to be operated in the range of 8-12GHz. Hence this antenna is highly suitable for X-band applications.
A CPW-fed Rectangular Patch Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX ApplicationsIDES Editor
This paper presents a CPW fed Rectangular
shaped patch antenna for the frequency 3.42GHz which
falls in WiMAX and 5.25GHz for WLAN applications.
The measured -10dB impedance bandwidth is about
650MHz (2.98GHz-3.63GHz) for WiMAX and 833MHz
(4.95GHz-5.78GHz) for WLAN applications. The effect of
slot width, rectangular patch height, and substrate
dielectric constant have been evaluated. The results of
antenna are simulated by using Zeeland’s MOM based
IE3D tool. Two dimensional radiation patterns with
elevation and azimuth angles, VSWR<2, Return loss of
-24dB and -18dB for WiMAX and WLAN applications,
antenna efficiency about 90%, gain above 3.5dB are
obtained. The compact aperture area of the antenna is
46.2 X 41.66 mm2.
Design & Simulation of E-Shaped Micro Strip Patch Antenna for GPS ApplicationIJERA Editor
Micro strip antennas are widely used in many applications due to their low Profile, low cost and ease of fabrication. In some applications it is desired to have a dual band or multiband characteristics. This paper presents the design and simulation of E-shape micro strip patch antenna with wideband operating frequency for wireless application. The shape will provide the broad bandwidth which is required in various application like remote sensing, biomedical application, mobile radio, satellite communication etc. The antenna design is an improvement from previous research and it is simulated using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) version 13.0 software. GPS provides specially coded satellite signals that can be processed with a GPS receiver enabling the receiver to compute position, velocity and time. Coaxial feed or probe feed technique is used. Parametric study was included to determine affect of design towards the antenna performance. Radiation performance of the designed antenna is simulated using the HFSS software version 13.0. The performance of the designed antenna was analyzed in term of bandwidth, gain, return loss, VSWR, and radiation pattern. The design was optimized to meet the best possible result. Substrate used was air which has a dielectric constant of 1.0006. The results show the wideband antenna is able to operate from 8.80 GHz to 13.49 GHz frequency band with optimum frequency at 8.73 GHz. Due to the compact area occupied. The pro-posed antenna is promising to be embedded within the different portable devices employing GPS applications.
Parametric Variation Based Analysis AND Effective Design of Rectangular Patch...IOSR Journals
Abstract : This paperdevelops an understanding of creating and improving the design of microstripantenna by the performance analysis of resultsfromitsvarious configurationsrelating to rectangular patch microstripantenna. Furthermore, itaccommodates a simulated patch antennawith effective results for bluetooth applicationsatafrequency of 2.4GHz. The proposed antenna is not only designed on the formulated calculations but also analyzed on different sizes, positions and orientations of substrate, feeding point and slots respectively. Propagation parameters are greatly improved by amendments suggested by the analysis of the variation based studies provided by this paper. The initial resultsobtained using formulae based designs are compared with the ameliorated results to illustrate the effects of such variations on antenna parameters. The final antenna show significantly improved return losses of -46.7dB, VSWR of 1.0093, Bandwidth of 180MHz and a far field radiation pattern with a gain of 2.2782dB. The Antenna designed is optimized and interpreted with Ansoft HFSS 13.0 simulator. Keywords: Bluetooth, rectangular patch antenna, feedpoint, trial and error method, slot orientation, wide bandwidth
Design of dual band dissimilar patch sizeijistjournal
This paper deals with the design of a dual band array antenna for wireless applications such as LTE (Long
Term Evolution), WiMAX etc…that resonates at 3.5 GHz and 5 GHz respectively. The substrate used for design
is FR4 (∈ =4.6) and the software used for simulation is Agilent ADS Momentum. The concept of dissimilar
patch size array antenna has been introduced. So patches of different dimensions have been used in the array
and their corresponding results are validated based on various antenna parameters like VSWR, gain, directivity
and power radiated.
Parametric Analysis of Single Element U Slot Microstrip AntennaIJSRD
In wireless communication system antennas are the most important element for creating communication link between source and destination. Microsrtip antennas are used for mobile and other satellite communication application because of their light weight, low power handling capacity and low profile. The modern mobile communication system requires high gain, wide bandwidth and minimal size antennas that are capable of providing better performance over a wide range of frequency spectrum. This requirement leads to the design of microsrtip patch array antenna. This paper proposes the parametric analysis of single element U slot MSA. Low dielectric constant substrates are generally preferred for maximum radiation. Thus it prefers FR4 as a dielectric substrate. Desired patch antenna design is simulated by using high frequency simulation software and patch antenna is designed as per requirement. Antenna dimensions such as Length (L), Width (W), and substrate dielectric constant and parameters like Return Loss, Gain, impedance and current distribution are calculated using CAD-FEKO. The antenna has been design to be operated in the range of 8-12GHz. Hence this antenna is highly suitable for X-band applications.
A CPW-fed Rectangular Patch Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX ApplicationsIDES Editor
This paper presents a CPW fed Rectangular
shaped patch antenna for the frequency 3.42GHz which
falls in WiMAX and 5.25GHz for WLAN applications.
The measured -10dB impedance bandwidth is about
650MHz (2.98GHz-3.63GHz) for WiMAX and 833MHz
(4.95GHz-5.78GHz) for WLAN applications. The effect of
slot width, rectangular patch height, and substrate
dielectric constant have been evaluated. The results of
antenna are simulated by using Zeeland’s MOM based
IE3D tool. Two dimensional radiation patterns with
elevation and azimuth angles, VSWR<2, Return loss of
-24dB and -18dB for WiMAX and WLAN applications,
antenna efficiency about 90%, gain above 3.5dB are
obtained. The compact aperture area of the antenna is
46.2 X 41.66 mm2.
Design & Simulation of E-Shaped Micro Strip Patch Antenna for GPS ApplicationIJERA Editor
Micro strip antennas are widely used in many applications due to their low Profile, low cost and ease of fabrication. In some applications it is desired to have a dual band or multiband characteristics. This paper presents the design and simulation of E-shape micro strip patch antenna with wideband operating frequency for wireless application. The shape will provide the broad bandwidth which is required in various application like remote sensing, biomedical application, mobile radio, satellite communication etc. The antenna design is an improvement from previous research and it is simulated using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) version 13.0 software. GPS provides specially coded satellite signals that can be processed with a GPS receiver enabling the receiver to compute position, velocity and time. Coaxial feed or probe feed technique is used. Parametric study was included to determine affect of design towards the antenna performance. Radiation performance of the designed antenna is simulated using the HFSS software version 13.0. The performance of the designed antenna was analyzed in term of bandwidth, gain, return loss, VSWR, and radiation pattern. The design was optimized to meet the best possible result. Substrate used was air which has a dielectric constant of 1.0006. The results show the wideband antenna is able to operate from 8.80 GHz to 13.49 GHz frequency band with optimum frequency at 8.73 GHz. Due to the compact area occupied. The pro-posed antenna is promising to be embedded within the different portable devices employing GPS applications.
Parametric Variation Based Analysis AND Effective Design of Rectangular Patch...IOSR Journals
Abstract : This paperdevelops an understanding of creating and improving the design of microstripantenna by the performance analysis of resultsfromitsvarious configurationsrelating to rectangular patch microstripantenna. Furthermore, itaccommodates a simulated patch antennawith effective results for bluetooth applicationsatafrequency of 2.4GHz. The proposed antenna is not only designed on the formulated calculations but also analyzed on different sizes, positions and orientations of substrate, feeding point and slots respectively. Propagation parameters are greatly improved by amendments suggested by the analysis of the variation based studies provided by this paper. The initial resultsobtained using formulae based designs are compared with the ameliorated results to illustrate the effects of such variations on antenna parameters. The final antenna show significantly improved return losses of -46.7dB, VSWR of 1.0093, Bandwidth of 180MHz and a far field radiation pattern with a gain of 2.2782dB. The Antenna designed is optimized and interpreted with Ansoft HFSS 13.0 simulator. Keywords: Bluetooth, rectangular patch antenna, feedpoint, trial and error method, slot orientation, wide bandwidth
Design of dual band dissimilar patch sizeijistjournal
This paper deals with the design of a dual band array antenna for wireless applications such as LTE (Long
Term Evolution), WiMAX etc…that resonates at 3.5 GHz and 5 GHz respectively. The substrate used for design
is FR4 (∈ =4.6) and the software used for simulation is Agilent ADS Momentum. The concept of dissimilar
patch size array antenna has been introduced. So patches of different dimensions have been used in the array
and their corresponding results are validated based on various antenna parameters like VSWR, gain, directivity
and power radiated.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Different Multilayer Substrate Approaches to Improve Array Antenna Characteri...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The aim of this paper is to investigate deeply in multi-layer substrate technique as a way of improving the characteristics of patch array antenna for electronic scanning radar application. The basic array antenna consists of 8 patches mounted on a FR-4 substrate and operating at 3 GHz frequency. The feeding technique is microstrip technology. This structure has some disadvantages as a poor gain and a narrow bandwidth. In fact, the obtained gain value does not exceed 7 dB which could be explained by the lossy nature of the FR4 substrate. On the other side, the narrow bandwidth is caused by the microstrip limitations. For this reason, the technique of multi-layer substrate is proposed in this paper. Many approaches are investigated and the distance between the layers is studied. The design and simulations of each approach are performed under the tool Advanced Design System of Keysight Company. A comparison between simulation results of all approaches including simulation results of the basic array antenna will be analyzed.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SYMMETRIC SLITS ON MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNAjmicro
In this paper, a basic linearly polarised microstrip square patch antenna operating at 2.4 GHz is
proposed. We have modified the basic microstrip square patch antenna with rectangular shape slits, V
shape slits and truncated corners to achieve circular polarization. Basically we have designed five
different antennas to meet the specification. The various antennas have been simulated, fabricated and the
performance has been tested on network analyser (Agilent Technologies: N9912A, SNMY51464189,
ROHDE & SCHWARZ: ZVL13, 9 KHz to 13.6GHz,). The simulated and tested performance shows close
agreement with each other. The various structures used in this study are microstrip square patch radiator,
microstrip square patch radiator with truncated corner, rectangular slits, truncated corner with
rectangular slits and V shape slits. The experiment results show rectangular slits with truncated corners in
the main square patch and rectangular slits in the main square patch provide better performance with
respect to the antenna parameters. Designed antenna is compact and provides circular polarization at the
required operating frequency of 2.4GHz with improved bandwidth and gain. The use of circularly
polarized antennas presents an attractive solution to achieve this polarization match which allows for
more flexibility in the angle between transmitting and receiving antennas. It gives the following
advantages such as reduction in the effect of multipath reflections, decrease in transmission losses,
enhancement of weather penetration and allowing any orientation to the communication system
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ITERATIVE SQUARE RING FRACTAL ANTENNA FOR DUAL BAND...jmicro
In this paper, iterative square ring fractal antenna is proposed, designed and developed for Wireless
application. The functional characteristics of the antenna such as return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and
gain are evaluated. Compact size and multi-band compatibility are the major design requirements of
fractal antenna. The proposed antenna has the dimension of 20mm X 20mm and it supports dual band
which is designed in FR4 substrate. It resonates at 5.9 GHz and 8.8 GHz with the return loss of -33dB, -
16dB, respectively. Further, the performance of the antenna is analyzed by varying feed position, feed
width and substrate thickness. By the analysis, we concluded that the proposed antenna have better
performance at left feed position with 0.9mm of feed width at the substrate thickness of 3.2mm.
Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Optimization for Wireles...ijsrd.com
In this paper, design of conventional Rectangular patch Microstrip antenna has been proposed and its performance is analyzed. The design parameters of antenna are selected to achieve compact dimensions as well as best possible characteristics such as high gain, increased bandwidth with minimum return loss. Hence improved design has been demonstrated over elementary one. These antennas have been designed at 2.4GHz which enables its usage in wireless communication domain such as Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The antenna design and performance are analyzed using Ansoft HFSS software. These antennas can be used for many wireless communication systems.
Design and optimize microstrip patch antenna array using the active element p...journalBEEI
Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in modern day communication devices due to their light weight, low cost and ease of fabrication. In this paper, we have designed and fabricated two Microstrip Patch Antennas (slotted-ring and truncated-slotted ring) and array at 2.4 GHz for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications using Computer Simulation Technology, CST. The antenna design consists of rectangular radiating patch on Rogers RT5880 substrate and is excited by using coaxial probe feeding technique. The truncated-slotted ring has been designed on top of the radiating patch to improve bandwidth. The simulation and measurement results of the both antennas are in close agreement with each other. Due to the good agreement of simulation and measurement results of truncated-slotted ring antenna in comparison with slotted-ring antenna, it has been selected for antenna array design. The simulated and measured S11 of truncated-slotted ring antenna shows -21dB and -15.6 dB at 2.4 GHz respectively. Then, the antenna has been formed into 1x4 array in order to observe its beamforming capability. The proposed antenna array is suitable for 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi standard which is proposed to be used for IoT.
Design & Simulation of 8-Shape Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna
This paper presents an 8-shape slotted microstrip patch antenna. The antenna is fed by microstrip
transmission line. The proposed antenna is simulated with the help of commercially available GEMS software
based on the parallel FDTD algorithm. The antenna is designed by FR4 substrate and ground plane with an area
50mm×40mm×1.60 mm. The designed antenna generates three resonant modes at 2.12 GHz, 6.98 GHz and 13.84
GHz respectively. The bandwidths of the antenna (-10 dB) of the three frequencies are 25.75%, 6.13% and
20.63% respectively. The return loss (S ) characteristics for the three bands are -41.95 dB, -22.68 dB and -23.15
11
dB respectively. The 3D radiation patterns of the proposed antenna are provided in the paper.
A small H-shaped microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with enhanced bandwidth is presented. The H-shaped antenna is first studied and then fully simulated by HFSS. A dual U slot H patch configuration is proposed to increase the narrow bandwidth, radiation efficiency and directivity. A novel H-shaped patch antenna suitable for wireless and satellite communications is presented. This paper presents the dual U slot H-shaped microstrip patch antenna feed by transmission line. The decrease in the prices of handheld devices and services has made available on the move internet and web services facility to the customers, small antennas requirement are increasing. In this paper H-shaped patch antenna is designed using FR4 substrate. The proposed modified H shaped antenna is designed and simulated using HFSS and caters to various wireless applications such as WiMAX, Wi-Fi, UMTS and Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) e.g. T V, etc.
Microstrip Rectangular Monopole Antennas with Defected Ground for UWB Applica...IJECEIAES
This paper presents the design of new compact antennas for ultra wide band applications. Each antenna consists of a rectangular patch fed by 50Ω microstrip transmission line and the ground element is a defected ground structure (DGS). The aim of this study is to improve the bandwidth of these antennas by using DGS and the modification geometry of rectangular structure, which gives new compact antennas for UWB applications. The input impedance bandwidth of the antennas with S11<-10dB is more than 10GHz, from 3GHz to more than 14 GHz. The proposed antennas are investigated and optimized by using CST microwave studio, they are validated by using another electromagnetic solver Ansoft HFSS. The measured parameters present good agreement with simulation. The final antenna structures offer excellent performances for UWB system.
Microstrip patch antennas are the most common form
of printed antennas. They became very popular due to their low
profile geometry, light weight and low cost. A Rectangular
Microstrip Patch Antenna with probe feed and substrate used is
Arlon AD260 has the relative permittivity of which is 2.6 is
designed and simulated using high frequency structure simulator
(HFSS). All the Parameters of this microsrip patch Antenna such
as bandwidth, S - parameter, Reflection loss and VSWR has been
found and plotted. The main objective of this work is to consider
the reactive loading effect on the patch and its effect towards the
improvement of the antenna characteristics, particularly the
radiation characteristics in principle plane (E and H) is
examined. As per theoretical approach reactive loading creates
either capacitive loading or inductive loading. Due to this effect
the antenna performance may be degraded or enhanced in terms
of efficiency, isolation, gain, impedance matching etc. The results
of this designed antenna are compared with the existing Micro
strip antenna
Multiband antenna using stacked series array for Ka-Band applicationjournalBEEI
In this paper, a multiband stack series array antenna is designed in order to attain solutions for the future 28 GHz Ka-band application. Double layer substrate Technology is utilized to accomplish multiple resonant frequencies with higher data transfer capacities due to high bandwidth. The designed antenna is dependent on twofold layer consisting patches and resonators in different layers stacked together. The designed multiband antennas can resonate at single band of
(28 GHz), dual band of (28 and 30 GHz) and triple band of (24.18, 26 and 28.453). The results achieved in the simulation are later fabricated and tested. The test result illustrates that the antennas have wide bandwidth, high gain and even higher efficiencies. All the proposed antenna configurations have demonstrated a decent possibility for 5G millimeter wave (mmwave) application.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Different Multilayer Substrate Approaches to Improve Array Antenna Characteri...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The aim of this paper is to investigate deeply in multi-layer substrate technique as a way of improving the characteristics of patch array antenna for electronic scanning radar application. The basic array antenna consists of 8 patches mounted on a FR-4 substrate and operating at 3 GHz frequency. The feeding technique is microstrip technology. This structure has some disadvantages as a poor gain and a narrow bandwidth. In fact, the obtained gain value does not exceed 7 dB which could be explained by the lossy nature of the FR4 substrate. On the other side, the narrow bandwidth is caused by the microstrip limitations. For this reason, the technique of multi-layer substrate is proposed in this paper. Many approaches are investigated and the distance between the layers is studied. The design and simulations of each approach are performed under the tool Advanced Design System of Keysight Company. A comparison between simulation results of all approaches including simulation results of the basic array antenna will be analyzed.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SYMMETRIC SLITS ON MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNAjmicro
In this paper, a basic linearly polarised microstrip square patch antenna operating at 2.4 GHz is
proposed. We have modified the basic microstrip square patch antenna with rectangular shape slits, V
shape slits and truncated corners to achieve circular polarization. Basically we have designed five
different antennas to meet the specification. The various antennas have been simulated, fabricated and the
performance has been tested on network analyser (Agilent Technologies: N9912A, SNMY51464189,
ROHDE & SCHWARZ: ZVL13, 9 KHz to 13.6GHz,). The simulated and tested performance shows close
agreement with each other. The various structures used in this study are microstrip square patch radiator,
microstrip square patch radiator with truncated corner, rectangular slits, truncated corner with
rectangular slits and V shape slits. The experiment results show rectangular slits with truncated corners in
the main square patch and rectangular slits in the main square patch provide better performance with
respect to the antenna parameters. Designed antenna is compact and provides circular polarization at the
required operating frequency of 2.4GHz with improved bandwidth and gain. The use of circularly
polarized antennas presents an attractive solution to achieve this polarization match which allows for
more flexibility in the angle between transmitting and receiving antennas. It gives the following
advantages such as reduction in the effect of multipath reflections, decrease in transmission losses,
enhancement of weather penetration and allowing any orientation to the communication system
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ITERATIVE SQUARE RING FRACTAL ANTENNA FOR DUAL BAND...jmicro
In this paper, iterative square ring fractal antenna is proposed, designed and developed for Wireless
application. The functional characteristics of the antenna such as return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and
gain are evaluated. Compact size and multi-band compatibility are the major design requirements of
fractal antenna. The proposed antenna has the dimension of 20mm X 20mm and it supports dual band
which is designed in FR4 substrate. It resonates at 5.9 GHz and 8.8 GHz with the return loss of -33dB, -
16dB, respectively. Further, the performance of the antenna is analyzed by varying feed position, feed
width and substrate thickness. By the analysis, we concluded that the proposed antenna have better
performance at left feed position with 0.9mm of feed width at the substrate thickness of 3.2mm.
Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Optimization for Wireles...ijsrd.com
In this paper, design of conventional Rectangular patch Microstrip antenna has been proposed and its performance is analyzed. The design parameters of antenna are selected to achieve compact dimensions as well as best possible characteristics such as high gain, increased bandwidth with minimum return loss. Hence improved design has been demonstrated over elementary one. These antennas have been designed at 2.4GHz which enables its usage in wireless communication domain such as Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The antenna design and performance are analyzed using Ansoft HFSS software. These antennas can be used for many wireless communication systems.
Design and optimize microstrip patch antenna array using the active element p...journalBEEI
Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in modern day communication devices due to their light weight, low cost and ease of fabrication. In this paper, we have designed and fabricated two Microstrip Patch Antennas (slotted-ring and truncated-slotted ring) and array at 2.4 GHz for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications using Computer Simulation Technology, CST. The antenna design consists of rectangular radiating patch on Rogers RT5880 substrate and is excited by using coaxial probe feeding technique. The truncated-slotted ring has been designed on top of the radiating patch to improve bandwidth. The simulation and measurement results of the both antennas are in close agreement with each other. Due to the good agreement of simulation and measurement results of truncated-slotted ring antenna in comparison with slotted-ring antenna, it has been selected for antenna array design. The simulated and measured S11 of truncated-slotted ring antenna shows -21dB and -15.6 dB at 2.4 GHz respectively. Then, the antenna has been formed into 1x4 array in order to observe its beamforming capability. The proposed antenna array is suitable for 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi standard which is proposed to be used for IoT.
Design & Simulation of 8-Shape Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna
This paper presents an 8-shape slotted microstrip patch antenna. The antenna is fed by microstrip
transmission line. The proposed antenna is simulated with the help of commercially available GEMS software
based on the parallel FDTD algorithm. The antenna is designed by FR4 substrate and ground plane with an area
50mm×40mm×1.60 mm. The designed antenna generates three resonant modes at 2.12 GHz, 6.98 GHz and 13.84
GHz respectively. The bandwidths of the antenna (-10 dB) of the three frequencies are 25.75%, 6.13% and
20.63% respectively. The return loss (S ) characteristics for the three bands are -41.95 dB, -22.68 dB and -23.15
11
dB respectively. The 3D radiation patterns of the proposed antenna are provided in the paper.
A small H-shaped microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with enhanced bandwidth is presented. The H-shaped antenna is first studied and then fully simulated by HFSS. A dual U slot H patch configuration is proposed to increase the narrow bandwidth, radiation efficiency and directivity. A novel H-shaped patch antenna suitable for wireless and satellite communications is presented. This paper presents the dual U slot H-shaped microstrip patch antenna feed by transmission line. The decrease in the prices of handheld devices and services has made available on the move internet and web services facility to the customers, small antennas requirement are increasing. In this paper H-shaped patch antenna is designed using FR4 substrate. The proposed modified H shaped antenna is designed and simulated using HFSS and caters to various wireless applications such as WiMAX, Wi-Fi, UMTS and Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) e.g. T V, etc.
Microstrip Rectangular Monopole Antennas with Defected Ground for UWB Applica...IJECEIAES
This paper presents the design of new compact antennas for ultra wide band applications. Each antenna consists of a rectangular patch fed by 50Ω microstrip transmission line and the ground element is a defected ground structure (DGS). The aim of this study is to improve the bandwidth of these antennas by using DGS and the modification geometry of rectangular structure, which gives new compact antennas for UWB applications. The input impedance bandwidth of the antennas with S11<-10dB is more than 10GHz, from 3GHz to more than 14 GHz. The proposed antennas are investigated and optimized by using CST microwave studio, they are validated by using another electromagnetic solver Ansoft HFSS. The measured parameters present good agreement with simulation. The final antenna structures offer excellent performances for UWB system.
Microstrip patch antennas are the most common form
of printed antennas. They became very popular due to their low
profile geometry, light weight and low cost. A Rectangular
Microstrip Patch Antenna with probe feed and substrate used is
Arlon AD260 has the relative permittivity of which is 2.6 is
designed and simulated using high frequency structure simulator
(HFSS). All the Parameters of this microsrip patch Antenna such
as bandwidth, S - parameter, Reflection loss and VSWR has been
found and plotted. The main objective of this work is to consider
the reactive loading effect on the patch and its effect towards the
improvement of the antenna characteristics, particularly the
radiation characteristics in principle plane (E and H) is
examined. As per theoretical approach reactive loading creates
either capacitive loading or inductive loading. Due to this effect
the antenna performance may be degraded or enhanced in terms
of efficiency, isolation, gain, impedance matching etc. The results
of this designed antenna are compared with the existing Micro
strip antenna
Multiband antenna using stacked series array for Ka-Band applicationjournalBEEI
In this paper, a multiband stack series array antenna is designed in order to attain solutions for the future 28 GHz Ka-band application. Double layer substrate Technology is utilized to accomplish multiple resonant frequencies with higher data transfer capacities due to high bandwidth. The designed antenna is dependent on twofold layer consisting patches and resonators in different layers stacked together. The designed multiband antennas can resonate at single band of
(28 GHz), dual band of (28 and 30 GHz) and triple band of (24.18, 26 and 28.453). The results achieved in the simulation are later fabricated and tested. The test result illustrates that the antennas have wide bandwidth, high gain and even higher efficiencies. All the proposed antenna configurations have demonstrated a decent possibility for 5G millimeter wave (mmwave) application.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Modified T&U Shape Triangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for Communication.IJSRD
Modern communication system requires high gain, large bandwidth and less size antennas which shows excellent performance over a wide range of frequency spectrum. Proposed system uses FR4 as a dielectric substrate(€r=4.4).Proposed Triangular Miscrostrip Patch antenna is designed with additional T & U shape ,simulated by using high frequency simulation software HFSS & finally tested with the help of vector network analyzer (VNA -N9923A) . Various antenna parameters like Return Loss, Gain and VSWR etc. are calculated using HFSS. The antenna has been designed to operate on the range of 5.5GHz. This paper report the simulation result using equilateral triangular patch antenna with Microstrip line feed.
Design of octagon shape microstrip patch antenna for multiband applicationvishant choudhary
In this Research paper .Three antenna is shows which is In a zero slot Microstrip patch antenna three resonant frequency bands occur, In single slot Microstrip patch antenna five resonant bands occurs and In five slots Microstrip antenna six resonant frequency bands occurs. These antennas can be used at various application such as GSM and WLAN-IEEE-802.11(a, b, g and n). Therefore the proposed antennas have satisfactory performance for use as a multiband communication antenna.
DESIGN OF A COMPACT CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATIONSpijans
This paper presents the design of a compact circular microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications
which covers the band 5.15 to 5.825 GHz. The antenna is designed using 1.4mm thick FR-4
(lossy)substrate with relative permittivity 4.4 and a microstrip line feed is used. The radius of the
circular patch is chosen as 7.62mm. To reduce the size and enhance the performance of the proposed
antenna, a circular slot is loaded on circular patch and a square slot is etched on the ground plane of
dimension 30mm×30mm. Design of the antenna is carried out using CST Microsoft Studio Sonimulation
Software. The proposed antenna resonates at 5.5 GHz with a wider bandwidth of 702 MHz and it provides
low return loss of -31.58 dB, good gain of 3.23 dB and directivity of 4.28 dBi and high efficiency of around
79% against the resonance frequency. The geometry of the proposed circular antenna with reduced size
and its various performance parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, directivity, efficiency
and radiation pattern plots are presented and discussed.
DESIGN OF A COMPACT CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATIONSpijans
This paper presents the design of a compact circular microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications
which covers the band 5.15 to 5.825 GHz. The antenna is designed using 1.4mm thick FR-4
(lossy)substrate with relative permittivity 4.4 and a microstrip line feed is used. The radius of the
circular patch is chosen as 7.62mm. To reduce the size and enhance the performance of the proposed
antenna, a circular slot is loaded on circular patch and a square slot is etched on the ground plane of
dimension 30mm×30mm. Design of the antenna is carried out using CST Microsoft Studio Sonimulation
Software. The proposed antenna resonates at 5.5 GHz with a wider bandwidth of 702 MHz and it provides
low return loss of -31.58 dB, good gain of 3.23 dB and directivity of 4.28 dBi and high efficiency of around
79% against the resonance frequency. The geometry of the proposed circular antenna with reduced size
and its various performance parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, directivity, efficiency
and radiation pattern plots are presented and discussed
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A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX APPLICATIONS
1. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.4, No.1/2, April 2018
DOI: 10.5121/jant.2018.4201 1
A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP
PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX
APPLICATIONS
Sanjeev Kumar Ray1
and Abhay Shrivastava2
1
Research Scholar, Department of ECE, ITM University, Gwalior, M.P. (India)
2
Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, ITM University, Gwalior, M.P. (India)
ABSTRACT
A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot
using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz
(ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local
Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX
(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB
and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having
permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the
frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating
frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and
WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction
and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
KEYWORDS
MSPA, Rectangular slots, Return loss, WLAN, WiMAX
1. INTRODUCTION
Due to the robustness and simplicity of wireless communication, there is a huge demand of
MSPA’s (Microstrip patch antennas) arises in the communication sector/area. [1] And to fulfill
these requirements of wireless communication the MSPA’s has become widely/broadly centre of
study for the researchers since few decades. Since the evolution of the wireless communication
also there is a trend started for the patch antennas to be used for different frequencies with the
single antenna. Also in modern era the single antenna is being used by the devices like mobile
phone, satellites, war crafts, spacecrafts etc. for the purpose to work on the multiple frequencies
for different applications.[2-3] So the researchers are doing hard to make it for such applications
with better bandwidth, less cost, high gain, very compact in size.
Micro-strip antennas are very tiny, compact, very low weight and more easily compatible with the
devices. It is thoroughly used in handheld wireless gadgets, war-crafts, war-ships and satellites
for the communication wirelessly. [4] Although with these suitable features, it also suffers from
some drawbacks like small bandwidth, less gain and sometimes unwanted lobe radiations which
degrade the performance level of such antennas. The configuration of MSPA (Microstrip Patch
Antenna) is obtained by simply deploying a dielectric material followed by a metal under and
above as shown below in the fig. The size with respect to its effective features makes it different
and most important from other antennas.
2. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.4, No.1/2, April 2018
2
Fig.1. Microstrip patch antenna
From the inception of the patch antenna many more techniques has been used to enhance the
antenna’s characteristics. To design a multiband patch antenna is trending topic among
researchers as it has wide application in the modern world of communication. For the designing
of such antennas a much way of configuration are being used by the researchers. By introducing
different type of structures (U- slot, L- slot, T- slot, rectangular slot, pi shaped slot etc. ) on the
patch and the ground. A double meander slot on the patch make a antenna resonate at dual
frequency but a triple meander slots gives better return loss than the dual.[5]. The aim of cutting
slots on the patch gives a new mode of frequency along with their fundamental band of operation
, a half U-slot on the patch introduce a new mode and again a rectangular slot also gives a new
mode and by changing geometry of these a triple mode antenna exists.[6]. Over one or two
decade back a new geometry called fractal geometry are also introduced for designing of
multiband patch antenna. As J.J. Huang , he had used fractal geometry for multiband antenna
design and he found many bands between 0.5 GHz to 5 GHz, so this technique is also being
frequently used by the researchers. [7]. Stacked patch also have an impact in designing of multi-
frequency RMSPA (Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna), in this design multi layers of patches
and substrate are stacked to one another. Also stacked patch with slots on the patches are used for
increasing the gain. [8].
Here we have presented a unique structure of the rectangular patch antenna by inserting triple
rectangular slots into the patch to make it radiates at useful multiple frequencies (2.4 GHz and 3.6
GHz). The presented design of the patch antenna is easy to design and fabricate so these may be
the major advantage for this designing.
2. ANTENNA DESIGN
For the design of RMSPA (Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna), the three parameters are most
essential to be chosen first. These are (i) Operational frequency (fo):-It should be chosen
according to our need of operation. In our design we have chosen 2.4GHz resonating frequency
for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) use. (ii) Dielectric permittivity of the substrate ( ):-
More dielectric constant value reduced size of the designed antenna. So FR-4 (lossy) having
=4.3, 0.025 as loss tangent and thermal conductivity 0.3 [W/K/m] have been selected for this
3. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.4, No.1/2, April 2018
3
design. (iii) Substrate height (h) :- Should be minimum so that the final dimension of the antenna
should not be bulky. [9] I have selected it 1.6 mm.
2.1 ESSENTIAL CALCULATIONS BY THE FORMULAE.
For the complete dimension of the patch we have chosen some parameters and then calculated it
by the formulae given below stepwise.
=2.4 GHz
c=Speed of light (approximately 3.00 × 10
/ )
ϵ =4.3
Thickness of the dielectric material (h)=1.6 mm
Step 1:- Width of the patch ( ):
=
/("#$%)
(1)
Step 2:- Effective dielectric constant ('#( ):
'#( =
()*$%)
+
()*,%)
(1 + 12
.
/
),
0
1 (2)
Step 3:- Effective length (Le):
2 = √)*455
(3)
Step4:-Extension in patch length (∆L):
∆2 = 0.412ℎ
()*455$ .9)(
:;
<
$ . =>)
()*455, . )(
:;
<
$ . )
(4)
Step 5:- Patch length (Lp):
2 = 2 − 2∆2 (5)
For the dimension of ground plane and substrate we have taken double the length and width of
the patch, or we can also take it by the formulae given below:-
Wg = (6h + Wp) and (6)
Lg= (6h + Lp) (7)
4. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.4, No.1/2, April 2018
4
Table:1 Parameters and their values for the antenna design.
The table given above gives a complete data for the designing of this proposed RMPA. This
paper comprises of an antenna substrate as FR-4 (lossy) having dielectric permittivity 4.3, ground
and patch material is taken as PEC (Perfect Electric Conductor). Thickness of the ground and the
patch material are kept 0.035 mm, we may also choose copper instead of PEC but here it is PEC.
The dimensions of the ground plane and substrate are taken as double the length and width of the
patch.( i.e. Lg X Wg). There is also an another way of selecting the ground and substrate
dimensions by the formulae listed above in eqn. (6) and equation (7) that says the ground and the
substrate can be also chosen six times the dielectric height addition with patch width for ground
width and similarly six times dielectric height addition with patch length for ground length
respectively. For feeding the antenna many techniques are being used mostly microstrip line,
aperture coupled, co-axial feed, coplanar wave guide. Microstrip line inset feeding is simple and
effective in various matters so this technique has been used for feeding the antenna with a valid
impedance matching at 50 ohm. To make the antenna useful for more than one operational
frequency multiple slots are cut from the patch . After introducing multiple slots the antenna
become resonating at 2.4GHz for WLAN use and 3.6 GHz for WiMAX application. The Table
below gives the complete mathematical value of the antenna design.
Fig. 2(a) Top view without slot (b).Top view with slot. (c).Side view
Parameters Values in mm
Ground length (Lg) 58.0
Ground width (Wg) 76.0
Substrate length (Ls) 58.0
Substrate width (Ws) 76.0
Patch length (Lp) 29.0
Patch width (Wp) 38.0
Feed-line length (Lf) 29.0
Feed-line width (Wf) 3.317
Slot 1 length (a) 11.0
Slot 2 length (b) 9.0
Slot 3 length (c) 9.8
Metal height (Mt) 0.035
Substrate height (Ht) 1.6
Width of the slots (d) 1.0
Gap between feed-line and patch(e) 2.0
5. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.4, No.1/2, April 2018
5
Fig. 2(d) Detail description of the Patch antenna with complete dimensions
The figure shown above Fig. 2(a) is the top view of the patch antenna before the introduction of
slots, Fig. 2(b) is also the top view of the proposed antenna after the cutting of slots and Fig.2(c)
describes the side view with the substrate height (h) in between the metallic ground layer and the
patch layer. Fig. 2(d) describes the complete design parameters with their notations, the value of
these parameters is give in Table:1 briefly. The width of all the three slots are taken 1.0 mm and
the gap between inserted feed-line and patch is kept 1.0 mm both the sides. The waveguide port is
selected for feeding the antenna, dimensions of the waveguide port is calculated through the
formula along z axis is given below in equation (8) and (9).
@ ℎ = 6 (8)
Where Wf is width of microstrip feed line.
2 B ℎ = + 5ℎ (9)
Where mt is metal thickness and h is dielectric height.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
To achieve a specified operational frequency of a patch antenna, the several techniques are being
used by the researchers like introducing slots, optimizing dimensions, using EBG
(Electromagnetic Band Gap). Here in this paper we have cut three rectangular slots on the patch
of the antenna and by using hit and trial method we adjusted the dimensions and positions of the
slots to resonates the antenna at a frequency 2.4 GHz for WLAN and 3.6 GHz for WiMAX use
.i.e., we make it resonate for dual frequency which are being used for these two purpose. Also we
have observed that by cutting the slots on the patch the current distribution on the surface
changes and so frequency and impedance matching at that frequency changes. So we have
investigated the design by laying different positions and shapes of the three rectangular slots to
make the antenna resonate at that frequency which we desire for.
6. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.4, No.1/2, April 2018
6
Fig. 3(a) S11-Parameter Magnitude in dB at 2.4 GHz and 3.6 GHz
Fig. 3 (b) Surface current distribution at 3.6 GHz (c) Surface current distribution at 2.4 GHz
Fig. 3 (d) 3-D radiation pattern at 2.4 GHz. (e) 3-D radiation pattern at 3.6 GHz.
To check the performance characteristics of a patch antenna we examine the various parameters
such as S11-parameter, radiation pattern, gain, directivity and such others. Here we have also
examined and represented some few of them given above in the figures. The Fig. 3(a) shows the
s-parameter of the proposed antenna and it clearly indicates that two major lobes at 2.4 GHz and
3.6 GHz having an effective return loss 28.5 dB and 25.4dB respectively. Fig. 3(b) and Fig. 3(c)
shows surface current distribution at 3.6 GHz and 2.4 GHz respectively with the indication that
the slot-1 resonates at 2.4 GHz only, slot-2 and slot-3 resonates at 3.6 GHz only. Fig. 3(d) and
Fig. 3(e) shows 3-D radiation pattern, in Fig. 3(d) at 2.4 GHz antenna is resonating as
unidirectional while in Fig. 3(e) at 3.6GHz it will be bidirectional.
7. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.4, No.1/2, April 2018
7
Table: 2 The gain and directivity of the antenna at operating frequencies.
The table- 2 shown above gives the values of the gain and directivity of the designed patch
antenna at the respective frequencies. These two parameters are very vital for evaluation of an
antenna about their performances. Higher the gain at a frequency indicates that the efficiency of
the antenna will be higher.
4. CONCLUSION
A Triple rectangular-slotted Microstrip patch antenna has been presented in this research article.
The antenna operates at two operating frequencies i.e., 2.4GHz and 3.6 GHz as clearly indicated
in the manuscript above. The proposed antenna can find its applications in the WLAN and
WiMAX frequency bands for wireless applications. The gain and directivity of the antenna at the
WLAN band is 3.850 dB and 6.987 dB respectively, similarly the gain and directivity of the
antenna at WiMAX band is 2.947 dB and 6.814 dB. The gain and directivity of the antenna is
appreciable at both the operating frequencies. The proposed triple-slotted design can be extended
further by enhancing the bandwidth of the antenna, even the gain of the antenna can be enhanced
using the Electromagnetic Band Gap structures. The antenna radiates mainly in the desired
direction and which becomes double lobes at the WiMAX, the future aim is also at enhancing the
directivity in the desired direction.
REFERENCES
[1] S. Dwivedi, S. G. Yadav & A. K. Singh, (2014). “Annular ring embedded l-slot rectangular
microstrip patch antenna”. In Student’s Technology Symposium (TechSym), pp. 372-375. IEEE
[2] M. T. Ali, N. Ramli, M. K .M. Salleh & M. N. Md. Tan (2011). A design of reconfigurable
rectangular microstrip slot patch antenna. IEEE International Conference on System Engineering and
Technology (ICSET), pp. 111-115.
[3] B. R. Piper & M. E. Bialkowski, (2004). “Electromagnetic modeling on conformal wideband and
multi-band patch antennas by bridging a solid object modeler with MoM software”. Antenna and
Propagation Magazine, Vol. 46(5), pp. 42-45.
[4] Q. Rao, T. A. Denidi & R. H. Johnston, (2005). “A new aperture coupled microstrip slot antenna.”
IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation. Vol. 53(9), pp. 2818-2826.
[5] M. Z. A. Abd Aziz, Z. Zakaria, M. N. Husain, N. A. Zainuddin, M. A. Othman & B. H. Ahmad,
(2013). “ Investigation of dual and triple meander slot to microstrip patch antenna”. IEEE 13th
Conference on Microwave Techniques COMITE. pp. 36-39.
[6] R. Pandey & Dr. D. K. Vishwakarma, (2015). “ A meander line uniplanar EBG based multiband
antenna using defected ground plane for WLAN and WiMAX applications.” IEEE International
Microwave and RF Conference (IMaRC). Pp. 64-67.
[7] J. J. Huang, F. Q. Shan & J. Z. She, (2006). “ A novel multi band and broadband fractal patch
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[8] H. Nornikman, F. Malek, N. Saudin, M. Md. Shukor, B. H. Ahmad & N. A. Oathman, (2013).
“Design of rectangular stacked patch antenna with four L shaped slots CPW-Fed for WiMAX
application”. IEEE 3rd International Conference on Instrumentation, Communications, Information
Technology, and Biomedical Engineering (ICICI-BME), pp. 39-43.
[9] C. Balanis (2005). “Antenna Theory and Design”. John Wiley and Sons Inc.
[10] K.F. Lee, S. L. S. Yang & A. Ahmad (2008). “ Dual and multiband U-slot patch antennas”. IEEE
Antenna and wireless propagation letters. Vol. 7, pp. 645-647.
AUTHORS
Prof. Abhay Shrivastava has completed B.Tech from IET, Bundelkhand
University, Jhansi (India) in Electronics & Communication Engineering and his
M.Tech from Government Engineering College, Jabalpur (India) in Microwave
Engineering. Currently he is an Assistant Professor in ITM UNIVERSITY, Gwalior
(India). He has many years of experiences in teaching and research work.
Mr. Sanjeev Kumar Ray is a research scholar. He is currently pursuing B.tech+M.Tech (Integrated
course) in Electronics and Communication Engineering discipline from ITM UNIVERSITY, Gwalior
(India).