This document discusses different types of lamps used for illumination. It describes incandescent lamps which use a heated filament to produce light and have benefits of being inexpensive and having a warm color but are inefficient. It also describes discharge lamps which produce light through passing electric current through vapor or gas rather than a heated filament. The document also discusses different lighting schemes classified by location and purpose including direct, indirect, semi-direct, and general lighting.

1. ENROLLMENT NO. :-140170116001
NAME: - Absar Ahsan

2.  When light falls on any surface, the phenomena is
known as illumination.

4. TYPE OF LAMPS
Incandescent
Discharge lamp

5.  Hot wire – filament
sealed in a glass jar
(bulb).
 Electric current pass
through the wire heats it
to incandescence, and the
wire emits light.

7. 1. Less expensive
2. Easier to dim with rheostats
3. Warmer color than fluorescent and tungsten-halogen
lamps
4. Light output is relatively high

8. 1. Energy inefficient
2. Short lamp life time
3.Warm source

9.  Light is produced
by passage of an
electric current
through a vapor or
gas, rather than
through a tungsten
wire as in
incandescent lamp.

10. DISCHARGE LAMP
Fluorescent
Sodium lamp
Mercury lamp

12.  Reflector is a device
that causes reflection
OR
 Bounces back the light.

13.  Light fixture provides
support and electrical
connection to lamp.
 It control , distribute and
direct light on object.

14. Lighting schemes are classified according
to the location, requirement and purpose
are as under :
1. Direct lighting
2. Indirect lighting
3. Semi direct lighting
4. Semi indirect lighting
5. General lighting

15. As is clear from the
name, in this system
almost 90 to 95 %
light falls directly on
the object or the
surface.

16. In this system, the light
does not fall directly on
the surface but more than
90% of light is directed
upwards by using
diffusing reflectors.
Here the ceiling acts as a
source of light and this
light is uniformly
distributed over the
surface and glare is
reduced to minimum.

17. Here transparent type shades are used through
which about 60 % light is directed downward
and 40 % is directed upward.
This is an efficient system of lighting and
chances of glare are also reduced.

18. In this system about 60% to 90 % of total light is
thrown upward to the ceiling for diffused
reflection and the rest reaches the working plane
directly. A very small amount of light is
absorbed by the bowl.

19. This system employs such type of luminaries,
shades and reflectors which give equal
illumination in all the directions.