Façades in South-East Asia are well understood using typical performance metrics such as ETTV. Using the centre of pane performance values of shading coefficients (SC) and U-values, we can get a feel for the performance of façades but can these truly be determined as high performance if the conductive elements (thermal bridging) of framing and shading details are ignored? This presentation aims to illustrate the case for higher performing façade systems and hopes to be of value for those looking to fully integrate the design of such systems in South-East Asian commercial buildings. It is also aimed at those looking to understand façade framing performance and testing, to gain a greater knowledge of façade detailing and performance.

1. www.inhabitgroup.com
Are We Ignoring
True Façade Performance
In Singapore?

5. BUILDING PHYSICS/ SUSTAINABLE DESIGN TEAM
JESSICA HOGG
Associate
GEORGE COUTTS
Senior Building Physics/
Mechanical Services
Engineer
James Von Dinklage
Building Physics Engineer
SAMANTHA ANDERSON
Senior Building Physics/ Renewable
Energy Engineer
SOPHIA KEE
Senior Sustainable Design Consultant
DAVID CARROL
Building Physics Engineer/ Software
Developer
DARREN O’DEA
Principal
DENNIS CHANG
Building Physics/ Façade
Engineer

6. Shading Optimisation
Rating Tools (Green Mark, LEED, Green Star, etc)
Condensation Risk
Energy Modelling
Daylight Design
Visual and Thermal Comfort
Thermal Fracture
Thermal Performance
Passive House
Wind Studies
SENSE - BUILDING PHYSICS + SUSTAINABLE DESIGN SERVICES

7. Shading Optimisation
Rating Tools (Green Mark, LEED, Green Star, etc)
Condensation Risk
Energy Modelling
Daylight Design
Visual and Thermal Comfort
Thermal Fracture
Thermal Performance
Passive House
Wind Studies
SENSE - BUILDING PHYSICS + SUSTAINABLE DESIGN SERVICES

8. Optical ThermalAesthetic
Structural Sealed

9. ETTV = 12(1 WWR) Uw + 3.4(WWR) Uf
+ 211(WWR) (CF) (SC)
ETTV : envelope thermal transfer value (W/m2 )
WWR : window-to-wall ratio (fenestration area / gross area of exterior wall)
Uw : thermal transmittance of opaque wall (W/m2.K)
Uf : thermal transmittance of fenestration (W/m2.K)
CF : correction factor for solar heat gain through fenestration
SC : shading coefficients of fenestration

13. + +
Aluminium
205 - 250 W/m K
Steel
46 - 50 W/m K
Glass
0.8 - 1 W/m K

16. Assumptions: 75% glazing, 0.25 Shading Coefficient, 1.9 W/m²K Vision U-value, 0.7 W/m²K Spandrel U-value

18. UgAg + UgsAgs + UfAf + UedgeAedge
Usystem

19. TYPICAL SPANDREL DETAIL

20. TYPICAL VISION DETAIL

21. TRANSOM DETAIL
UF 15.7W/m²K
UE 2.5 W/m²K
NFRC 100 Ext Summer
Conditions:
. Air: 32.0 °C
. Direct solar: 783 W/m²
. Wind Speed: 2.75 m/s
NFRC 100 Int Summer
Conditions:
. Air: 24.0 °C

22. TRANSOM DETAIL
UF 13.6
W/m²K
UE 2.1W/m²K

23. VISION MULLION DETAIL
UF 16 W/m²K
UE 2.5 W/m²K

24. MULLION SPAN DETAIL
UF 6.0 W/m²K
UE 2.0 W/m²K

25. USG 0.7 W/m²K
UG 1.9 W/m²K
UF 6.0 W/m²K
UE 2.0 W/m²K
UF 13.6 W/m²K
UE 2.1 W/m²K
UF 16 W/m²K
UE 2.5 W/m²K
UF 15.7 W/m²K
UE 2.5 W/m²K

26. Edge Losses
Frame Losses
Centre Pane Losses
3.4
W/m²K
3.3
W/m²K
VISION (U1.9)
SPANDREL (U0.7)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Center System Center System
Glass Spandrel
HeatTransmission(kWh/annum)

27. WITHOUT FRAMES INCLUDING FRAMES

28. • A high performance façade
design is meaningless without
inclusion of the frame
• Thermally improving your façade
is not only a cold climate strategy
• Request further guidance from
the BCA
• Access ETTV Façade Designer for
free on the Inhabit Website

29. HIGH PERFORMANCE FACADES FOR
THE TROPICS – THE NEXT DECADE
Level 3, Begonia 3001A – 3102

30. FAÇADE | ADVANCED STRUCTURES | BOUTIQUE FAÇADES & STRUCTURES | ESD | BUILDING PHYSICS | ACOUTICS | LIGHTING | ACCESS & MAINTENANCE | LOGISTICS