This document provides information about industrial engineering and work study techniques. It begins with a quote about continuous improvement. It then defines industrial engineering as the study of designing, planning, and optimizing production processes with a mix of mechanical engineering and management. The document outlines the history and objectives of industrial engineering programs. It also discusses key concepts in work study like method study, work measurement, productivity, and factors that affect productivity. Various work study tools and techniques are defined including process charts, time study, allowances, and predetermined motion time systems.

1. PACRPOLYTECHNICCOLLEGE
RAJAPALAYAM.

2. Presented by,
S.Muneeswararam.

3. Don't take rest after your first victory because if U fail in
second ,more lips are waiting to say, that your first victory
was just luck
- Dr. A.P.J.Abdul kalam

4. Industrial engineering (IE), often also called Industrial
Engineering & Management, or simply Engineering & Management, teaches students about the
design, planning and optimization of production and manufacturing processes. It is a study that
integrates methods and techniques from the engineering as well as management science.
Industrial Engineering and Management
A mix of mechanical engineering and management and have a strong technical focus

5. The program of Industrial Engineering started officially in 1966, but the
beginning begun several years earlier. In 1956, the industry felt the need for more
economic-organizational grounded students. The "Technische Hogeschool" started with
several initiatives in Eindhoven and a request was submitted to the Minister of Education in
1960. Students of Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Chemical
Engineering were then given the opportunity to follow Industrial Engineering related
courses in the post-propaedeutics. The complete program started officially in 1966.

6. Plant Engineering and Plant Safety
 Plant
 Plant Layout
 Material Handling
 MH Equipment's
 Plant maintenance
 Safety
 Accident

7. UNIT – II
WORK STUDY, METHOD STUDY &
WORK MEASUREMENT

8. WORK STUDY
Work study is a productivity technique. It is used to
investigate all factors that affect productivity and find ways to eliminate
ineffective time.
PRODUCTION
Production is a process by which goods and services are produced.

9. OBJECTIVES OF WORK STUDY
 To find ways of increasing productive efficiency
 To develop a new process or improve the existing one.
 To modernize the existing plant
 To effectively use the plant and equipment
 To reduce work content of the product and process
 To evaluate human work.
 To reduce ineffective time due to management and workers.

10. PRODUCTIVITY
• Productivity is the ratio between output of wealth and
input of resources of production.
• Productivity, P = O/I
• Increase in production does not mean increase of productivity. Increase in
production can be obtained by employing more man, material and machines.

11. RESOURCES OF PRODUCTION
Land and Building
Material
Machinery & Equipment
Men (Labour)

12. STANDARD OF LIVING
☺Food
☺Shelter
☺Clothing
☺Hygiene
☺ Security
☺Education

13. FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTIVITY
﴿ Defects in design and specification
﴿ Inefficient method of manufacture
﴿ Ineffective time due to ineffective management
﴿ Inefficient time within the control of workers

14. Defects in design and specification
 Bad design of product
 Lack of standardizations
 Incorrect quality standards

15. a ) Design and specification of product
b) Nature and quality of raw materials.
c) Basic nature of process employed
d) Layout of plant and equipment's
e) Efficiency of plant and equipment's
f) Volume, continuity and uniformity of
. production
g) Production, planning and control
h) Working conditions
i) Utilization of human resource.
METHODS OF IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY

16. Work study consists of the following two techniques.
Method study
Work measurement

17. METHOD STUDY
“Method study is the systematic recording
and critical examination of the present method of doing a
job and to develop easier and more effective methods to
reduce costs".

18. BASIC PROCEDURE FOR THE CONDUCT OF METHOD STUDY
$ SELECT
$ RECORD
$ EXAMINE
$ DEVELOP
$ INSTALL
$ MAINTAIN

19. RECORD
1.Recording technique by direct observation
Process chart techniques
2. Photographic techniques of recording
Micro motion technique
Memo motion technique
Kinetogram technique

20. Process chart techniques (method study tools)
 Outline or operation process chart (OPC)
 Flow process chart
 Two handed process chart
 Multiple activity chart or Man-machine chart
 Flow diagram
 String diagram

21. EXAMINE
 Every recorded fact is examined to find ways for improvement "Questioning Technique"
is the tool used for this purpose
 The purpose for which the activity is under taken, WHAT?
 What is the purpose of this operation?
 Why is the activity necessary at all?

22. DEVELOP
A new method is developed through a set of secondary questions,
such as what else? And decide what should?

23. PROCESS CHART SYMBOLS

24. OPERATION (or) OUTLINE PROCESS CHART (OPC)

25. FLOW PROCESS CHART
We are going to see about the activities of a student.
Here he face the many problems.
From his Home.
Take the Cycle.
Ride in the Cycle.
Checking the Cycle lock.
5m
1500m
ஜல்லிக்கட்டு ப ோரோட்டத்தில் ங்பகர்ப்பு.
Shouts loudly.
Checking sure about
the other no of
absented students.
Travels to College in next day.
Staff Advise.
Does not allow
him inside class
Delay to learn
subjects.
Before HOD
warning he Seats
on the place.
Parents comes and
meets the HOD.
The parents work affected by this calling
from College due to his misbehavior.
பின்விளைவுகள்.
The staff wants him to call his parents
to college.
2000m
50m

26. Flow diagram

27. STRING DIAGRAM
Tool Room
Machine 3
Finishing
Machine 2
Lathe
Machine 1
Drilling
Inspection
SupervisorStore

28. MAN - MACHINE CHART - PRESENT METHOD

29. LEFT HAND RIGHT HAND CHART

30. FLOW PROCESS CHART MAN TYPE

31. FLOW PROCESS CHART MAN TYPE
We are going to see about the activities of Senbagaraman
He acts as a representative due to Suresh leave.
From Class room.
Walks to
HOD room.
Checking the
presence of HOD.
Asking permission. .
.
Checking sure about
the other no of
absented students.
Travels to College in next day.
Staff Advise.
Does not allow
him inside class
Delay to learn
subjects.
Before HOD
warning he Seats
on the place.
Parents comes and
meets the HOD.
The parents work affected by this calling
from College due to his misbehavior.
பின்விளைவுகள்.
The staff wants him to call his parents
to college.

32. FLOW PROCESS CHART – MATERIAL TYPE

33. WORK MEASUREMENT
“Work measurement is a technique to determine the time required for a
qualified worker to do a job at a definite level of performance”
Or
“Work measurement is a technique to determine standard time for a job”.

34. TECHNIQUES OF WORK MEASUREMENT
♣ Following are the important work measurement techniques.
♣ Stop watch time study
♣ Production study
♣ Activity sampling (ratio –delay study)
♣ Synthesis from standard data
♣ Analytical estimating
♣ Pre – determined motion time system (PMTS)

35. STOP WATCH TIME STUDY
Stop watch time study is the technique of work
measurement for setting up of time standards using stop watch.

36. TIME STUDY EQUIPMENTS
 The following are the basic time study equipment's
 Stop watch
 Study board
 A set of pencils
 Time study forms
 Calculator
 Reliable clock with seconds hand
 Measuring instruments such as tape measures, steel rule, micrometer, tachometer etc.,

37. Stop watch & Study board

38. RATING
☻ Rating is the process of comparing the performance speed and tempo of the
operator with the observer’s own concept of standard performance.
☻ Rating is a matter of judgment on the part of time study man. The time study man
should give a fair performance rating, making use of rating scales.

39. BASIC TIME (OR) NORMAL TIME
• Basic time is the time for carrying out an element of work at standard rating.
• Basic time = observed time x observed rating /standard rating
• Let BT is the basic time
• OT is the observed time
• R is the observed rating or rating factor
• Then, BT=OT x R /100
• The basic time is not the standard time for a job. Allowances must be added to basic time
to get standard time.

40. CALCULATION OF BASIC TIME (or) NORMAL TIME
Assume that in a particular operation the observed time was 0.8 mints.
The time study man decided that the operation was performed at a speed above standard and he awarded a rating
factor of 110 then,
BT = OT x R /100
=0.8 x 110 /100 =0.88 mint
It can be seen that basic time is more than observed time by an amount equal to 0.08mnt.

41. ALLOWANCES
 It will be impossible for any worker to maintain same level of performance
throughout the day.
 Interruptions take place during work cycle.
 For this extra time must be provided. Thus extra time is known as allowances.

42. TYPES OF ALLOWANCES
Relaxation allowance
Delay allowances
Other allowances

43. PRODUCTION STUDY
Sometimes there may be compliments that work could not be
completed in the time allowed.
 Then it is essential to check the original time study.
The study taken to check the original time study is known as
production study.

44. RATIO DELAY STUDY
Activity sampling technique was introduced by Mr. Tippet, a mathematician and
applied this technique initially in a textile industry.
 He called this method a RATIO TIME DELAY TECHNIQUE.
This is a method of finding ratio of delay and work to the total process time by
random observation.
The technique can be used for measuring work delays and idle time.

45. SYNTHESIS FROM STANDARD DATA
 The standard data are documents used to set standards.
 If contains all elemental time standards, curves, alignment charts, formulas, and tables
that are compiled from previous time studies.
 This standard data is useful to establish time for a job without conduction time study.

46. PRE-DETERMINED MOTION TIME SYSTEMS
Pre-determined motion system is the work
measurement technique used to built up time for manual work making
use of pre- determined elemental motion time.

47. ANALYTICAL ESTIMATING
Analytical estimating is a work measurement
technique to measure non-repetitive work the basic of the
knowledge and experience of an estimator.

48. Applications
 Repair Work
 Maintained Work
 Construction Work
 Jop order Shop

49. Thank You
By
S.Muneeswara ram