The document is a group project report submitted by three students from Ambo University for their Master's degree in Industrial Engineering and Management. It discusses conducting a work study of welding and maintenance processes at a cement mill to improve productivity. The objectives are to reduce cycle times, minimize stoppage times, and improve efficiency. The report reviews literature on work study techniques and analyzes current methods using tools like flow process charts. It then proposes new improved methods for various tasks like cutting flanges, welding, and reassembly. Time studies are also conducted to establish work standards.
A case study on productivity improvement of wearing insert and cutting ringIJECSJournal
The objective of this paper is to present case study on a wearing insert and cutting ring for the efficient improvements in productivity with the help of various work Study Methods. In this study productivity is improved through identifying the process that involves the time required for the process as the main reason to achieve the objectives of increasing the productivity. Time and motion study is one of the necessary factors to set a standard target. The study is aimed at identifying the unwanted work processes which in turn increases the time required, efforts as well as the cost of the product. Thus the changes were made in the areas which require improving using work study methods.
Work study techniques like method study and work measurement can be used to improve productivity by reducing excess work content and ineffective time. The key steps involve observing current work processes, analyzing for unnecessary tasks or motions, developing more efficient methods, and setting standard times to measure productivity. Implementing work study can lead to greater output, better quality, and higher productivity through systematic analysis and improvement of work methods.
Work-study methods were developed during World War II to increase productivity and were later applied in industries around the world, including Bangladesh starting in 1991. Work-study techniques like method study and work measurement are used to examine current work methods, simplify or modify processes, reduce unnecessary work, and set time standards to improve productivity. Key aspects of work-study include breaking down jobs into individual tasks, creating work layouts to distribute tasks efficiently among workers, measuring cycle times to understand bottlenecks, and conducting regular studies to identify areas for further improvement. The overall goal is to systematically analyze work processes and set performance standards to increase productivity through more effective use of resources.
This document summarizes key findings and recommendations from a study on improving performance and competitiveness in the apparel industry. The study analyzed production and management systems across multiple factories, identifying inefficiencies. Specific case studies found that factories carried 5-16.5% excess dead stock and labor utilization was only 59.5% due to poor line balancing, workflow, and supervision. Recommendations included eliminating dead stock through improved inventory tracking, optimizing fabric usage, establishing standard times, training supervisors, and implementing production monitoring and process improvement systems. The goal was to highlight areas where cost savings could be achieved through operational enhancements.
IRJET- A Case Study for Overall Equipment Effectiveness Improved in Manufactu...IRJET Journal
This document presents a case study on improving overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) in a manufacturing industry. It discusses how OEE is calculated based on availability, performance rate, and quality rate. The study was conducted at Avison Industry in Kolhapur, India. Data was collected on production rates and downtime reasons. It was found that the performance rate was below 95%, indicating room for improvement. Various problems were identified through analysis, such as hole shifting during drilling. Solutions proposed included modifying fixtures, combining drilling and reaming, and changing the production process flow. After implementing solutions, the OEE values improved to above 95%, meeting benchmarks for effective equipment performance.
Project Report on Textile Industrial EngineeringAmanuzzaman Aman
Here are the key steps to prepare an assembly line:
1. Identify the major operations required to produce the garment. Break down the manufacturing process into individual steps.
2. Determine the sequence of operations based on material and component flow. Arrange the operations in logical order.
3. Estimate the standard time for each operation using time study data.
4. Calculate the cycle time for each operation based on production target.
5. Select appropriate machines required for each operation considering operation type and cycle time.
6. Arrange the machines along the assembly line in the sequence of operations to ensure smooth material flow.
7. Ensure adequate space and workstations between machines for operator movement and part handling.
Here are the layout types I would expect at each facility and why:
- Airplane manufacturing plant: Fixed-position layout. Large airplanes are built in one area of the factory, with workers and equipment brought to the airplane. This allows for efficient assembly of large, complex products.
- Passenger seat manufacturing plant: Product layout. Seats would be assembled on a linear production line with stations for different assembly steps. This high-volume repetitive process is well-suited for a product layout.
- TV/DVD manufacturing plant: Either product or cellular layout. As these are smaller electronic items, a linear production line or cellular layout with multi-functional teams could both work well.
- Uniform manufacturing plant
A case study on productivity improvement of wearing insert and cutting ringIJECSJournal
The objective of this paper is to present case study on a wearing insert and cutting ring for the efficient improvements in productivity with the help of various work Study Methods. In this study productivity is improved through identifying the process that involves the time required for the process as the main reason to achieve the objectives of increasing the productivity. Time and motion study is one of the necessary factors to set a standard target. The study is aimed at identifying the unwanted work processes which in turn increases the time required, efforts as well as the cost of the product. Thus the changes were made in the areas which require improving using work study methods.
Work study techniques like method study and work measurement can be used to improve productivity by reducing excess work content and ineffective time. The key steps involve observing current work processes, analyzing for unnecessary tasks or motions, developing more efficient methods, and setting standard times to measure productivity. Implementing work study can lead to greater output, better quality, and higher productivity through systematic analysis and improvement of work methods.
Work-study methods were developed during World War II to increase productivity and were later applied in industries around the world, including Bangladesh starting in 1991. Work-study techniques like method study and work measurement are used to examine current work methods, simplify or modify processes, reduce unnecessary work, and set time standards to improve productivity. Key aspects of work-study include breaking down jobs into individual tasks, creating work layouts to distribute tasks efficiently among workers, measuring cycle times to understand bottlenecks, and conducting regular studies to identify areas for further improvement. The overall goal is to systematically analyze work processes and set performance standards to increase productivity through more effective use of resources.
This document summarizes key findings and recommendations from a study on improving performance and competitiveness in the apparel industry. The study analyzed production and management systems across multiple factories, identifying inefficiencies. Specific case studies found that factories carried 5-16.5% excess dead stock and labor utilization was only 59.5% due to poor line balancing, workflow, and supervision. Recommendations included eliminating dead stock through improved inventory tracking, optimizing fabric usage, establishing standard times, training supervisors, and implementing production monitoring and process improvement systems. The goal was to highlight areas where cost savings could be achieved through operational enhancements.
IRJET- A Case Study for Overall Equipment Effectiveness Improved in Manufactu...IRJET Journal
This document presents a case study on improving overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) in a manufacturing industry. It discusses how OEE is calculated based on availability, performance rate, and quality rate. The study was conducted at Avison Industry in Kolhapur, India. Data was collected on production rates and downtime reasons. It was found that the performance rate was below 95%, indicating room for improvement. Various problems were identified through analysis, such as hole shifting during drilling. Solutions proposed included modifying fixtures, combining drilling and reaming, and changing the production process flow. After implementing solutions, the OEE values improved to above 95%, meeting benchmarks for effective equipment performance.
Project Report on Textile Industrial EngineeringAmanuzzaman Aman
Here are the key steps to prepare an assembly line:
1. Identify the major operations required to produce the garment. Break down the manufacturing process into individual steps.
2. Determine the sequence of operations based on material and component flow. Arrange the operations in logical order.
3. Estimate the standard time for each operation using time study data.
4. Calculate the cycle time for each operation based on production target.
5. Select appropriate machines required for each operation considering operation type and cycle time.
6. Arrange the machines along the assembly line in the sequence of operations to ensure smooth material flow.
7. Ensure adequate space and workstations between machines for operator movement and part handling.
Here are the layout types I would expect at each facility and why:
- Airplane manufacturing plant: Fixed-position layout. Large airplanes are built in one area of the factory, with workers and equipment brought to the airplane. This allows for efficient assembly of large, complex products.
- Passenger seat manufacturing plant: Product layout. Seats would be assembled on a linear production line with stations for different assembly steps. This high-volume repetitive process is well-suited for a product layout.
- TV/DVD manufacturing plant: Either product or cellular layout. As these are smaller electronic items, a linear production line or cellular layout with multi-functional teams could both work well.
- Uniform manufacturing plant
The document discusses product design and process selection. It begins by outlining the key aspects of product design such as defining materials, appearance, dimensions and performance standards. It then discusses the process of product design which includes idea development, product screening, preliminary design and testing, and final design. Various factors that influence product design and process selection are also covered such as customer requirements, cost, quality standards and environmental issues. Tools for process selection and performance metrics are also summarized.
Method Study, Objective of method study, Pre-requisites for method study, Steps/basic procedure in method study, different method recording techniques,
The document outlines the responsibilities and standard operating procedures for an Industrial Engineer. It discusses tasks such as analyzing efficiencies, maximizing productivity, reducing costs, developing production plans and schedules, training staff, monitoring quality and productivity reports, and ensuring production targets are met. The IE is responsible for improving methods, addressing bottlenecks, and realizing financial objectives through efficient labor utilization and minimizing delays.
The document provides guidance on implementing a zero tolerance quality management system for a weaving plant. It discusses setting goals and developing action plans, quality monitoring and control, and continuous improvement. Key aspects include defining quality responsibilities and standards, improving processes, ensuring legal compliance, and gaining customer satisfaction through quality leadership, employee involvement, and using information technology. Maintaining quality is presented as an ongoing process of planning, doing, checking and acting on results.
Punjab technical University - scheme and syllabus of Masters in Business Administration (MBA) Batch 2012 onwards, course code MBA 202, production & operation Management. UNIT 2, ch.1 Facility Layout ch. 2 Production Planning & Control(PPC), ch.3 Method Study ch. 4 Capacity Planning
The document discusses production and operations management. It covers topics like production planning and control (PPC), routing decisions, master production scheduling, inventory management, and production planning techniques. PPC involves planning, operations, and control stages to achieve production objectives. Routing defines the sequence of operations and establishes the product flow path. The master production schedule specifies end products to be completed in each time period. Inventory management aims to minimize costs while meeting demand through techniques like ABC analysis.
This Article on WORK STUDY covers Part-I , UNIT-II of Industrial Administration and Financial Mangement Syllabus of BE 4/4(EEE/EIE/ECE) of Osmania University
IRJET - Productivity Improvement by Time Study and Motion StudyIRJET Journal
This document discusses improving productivity at a thermocole manufacturing plant through time study and motion study. It was found that delays between tasks were affecting production rates. Time study and motion study techniques from work study were used to analyze the processes. The analysis found a lack of proper time standards, uneven task distribution, inefficient space utilization, safety issues, and communication problems. After conducting time studies and setting proper time standards, production increased by 48 extra pieces per month on one machine. Implementing standards from time study and motion study analysis can effectively improve productivity by reducing delays in work processes.
Without time standards, it would be very difficult to accurately determine how many employees, machines, or other resources are needed. Time standards provide an objective measure of the time required to complete tasks, allowing for informed planning and resource allocation.
Work study involves the systematic analysis of work processes with the goal of improving efficiency and reducing costs. It examines how work is done in order to find the best and most efficient use of resources like people, materials, equipment and time. The main techniques used in work study are method study and work measurement. Method study involves analyzing existing and proposed work methods to develop easier and more effective processes, while work measurement establishes the time required to complete a specified job using the improved method. Process charts, flow diagrams and other tools are used to record and analyze work methods as part of work study. The overall aim is to simplify work and set performance standards to increase productivity.
This document discusses work study and line balancing for the garments industry. It begins by introducing work study, which involves systematically analyzing work to optimize efficiency. The basic tools of work study are then outlined as work measurement, method study, and time study. Line balancing is introduced as allocating machines and work to individuals according to a work sheet to optimize production. The document then provides details on various aspects of work study and line balancing, including objectives, processes, techniques, and applications to garment manufacturing and sewing. It concludes by outlining the sewing sequence and process for making a polo shirt.
This document provides information about garment merchandising and industrial engineering. It defines merchandising and outlines the key steps in the merchandising process from developing buyers to shipment. It also describes the work of merchandisers, including sourcing, pricing, order follow up, and ensuring on-time shipment. Additionally, it discusses industrial engineering and its focus on improving productivity through methods like time studies, layout optimization, and training. It provides details on cost analysis, production planning, and the different techniques used to set work standards.
A capsul to explaine a part of industrial engineering,time study, one of the powerful tools that used to adapt the Rhythm inside the value stream, to create an eye on the process and to improve & control the process cost.
Work study techniques like method study and work measurement are used to systematically examine human work to improve efficiency and reduce costs. Method study involves systematically recording the current work method, critically examining it to identify alternatives, developing an improved method, installing it, and maintaining the new standard. It aims to simplify work processes, reduce fatigue, optimize resource usage, and improve productivity. Various charts can be used to record work including process charts, two-handed process charts, and micro-motion study (SIMO) charts. Macro-motion studies examine overall processes while micro-motion studies analyze individual motions and gestures.
Provides an introduction to Lean Management and its application along with video links. The slide also details the improvement cycle with Value added, non-value added and waste in any activity or process. This slide focuses on the time and motion study and how to observe the process. This helps identify process time and determine if the process is value-added. Helps anyone who wants an idea on starting process analysis and continuous improvement in office and factory environments to reduce waste and get cost-effectiveness. Provides an overview of the lean tools and some videos to expand the basic knowledge. Provides a link for the file download for direct observation.
Links for the video & Files
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfsRAZUnonI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZvsqm4Jok8
https://files.fm/f/2uhf7y8er
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHOppLiEG0o
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jmTOuHxc4nE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOLfe37gq4g
PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL-WORK STUDYAttiMurugan
This document discusses work study techniques used to improve productivity and efficiency. It defines work study and describes its objectives of analyzing current work methods, establishing standard times, and improving efficiency. It outlines various work study techniques including method study, work measurement, time study procedures and tools. Principles of motion economy are discussed to reduce ineffective movements and optimize workplace layout, tool design and human motions. The document provides examples and diagrams to illustrate techniques like process charts, therbligs, micro-motion study, work measurement and time study.
The document discusses product planning and process planning. It defines product planning as the evaluation of existing and new products in relation to market requirements and competition. Product planning involves marketing analysis, feasibility studies, and advanced product planning. Process planning involves preparing instructions to manufacture a product and its parts. It establishes the link between engineering design and manufacturing. Process planning determines the operations, tools, facilities, and documentation.
This document discusses work study and method study. It provides:
- An overview of work study and its objectives of efficiently utilizing resources to achieve quality work.
- Details on method study, which systematically examines work methods to develop easier and more effective techniques.
- The objectives of method study, which include improving processes, working conditions, and reducing effort.
- The basic procedure for method study, which involves selecting work, recording existing methods, examining facts critically, developing improved methods, defining and installing new methods, and maintaining changes.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
The document discusses product design and process selection. It begins by outlining the key aspects of product design such as defining materials, appearance, dimensions and performance standards. It then discusses the process of product design which includes idea development, product screening, preliminary design and testing, and final design. Various factors that influence product design and process selection are also covered such as customer requirements, cost, quality standards and environmental issues. Tools for process selection and performance metrics are also summarized.
Method Study, Objective of method study, Pre-requisites for method study, Steps/basic procedure in method study, different method recording techniques,
The document outlines the responsibilities and standard operating procedures for an Industrial Engineer. It discusses tasks such as analyzing efficiencies, maximizing productivity, reducing costs, developing production plans and schedules, training staff, monitoring quality and productivity reports, and ensuring production targets are met. The IE is responsible for improving methods, addressing bottlenecks, and realizing financial objectives through efficient labor utilization and minimizing delays.
The document provides guidance on implementing a zero tolerance quality management system for a weaving plant. It discusses setting goals and developing action plans, quality monitoring and control, and continuous improvement. Key aspects include defining quality responsibilities and standards, improving processes, ensuring legal compliance, and gaining customer satisfaction through quality leadership, employee involvement, and using information technology. Maintaining quality is presented as an ongoing process of planning, doing, checking and acting on results.
Punjab technical University - scheme and syllabus of Masters in Business Administration (MBA) Batch 2012 onwards, course code MBA 202, production & operation Management. UNIT 2, ch.1 Facility Layout ch. 2 Production Planning & Control(PPC), ch.3 Method Study ch. 4 Capacity Planning
The document discusses production and operations management. It covers topics like production planning and control (PPC), routing decisions, master production scheduling, inventory management, and production planning techniques. PPC involves planning, operations, and control stages to achieve production objectives. Routing defines the sequence of operations and establishes the product flow path. The master production schedule specifies end products to be completed in each time period. Inventory management aims to minimize costs while meeting demand through techniques like ABC analysis.
This Article on WORK STUDY covers Part-I , UNIT-II of Industrial Administration and Financial Mangement Syllabus of BE 4/4(EEE/EIE/ECE) of Osmania University
IRJET - Productivity Improvement by Time Study and Motion StudyIRJET Journal
This document discusses improving productivity at a thermocole manufacturing plant through time study and motion study. It was found that delays between tasks were affecting production rates. Time study and motion study techniques from work study were used to analyze the processes. The analysis found a lack of proper time standards, uneven task distribution, inefficient space utilization, safety issues, and communication problems. After conducting time studies and setting proper time standards, production increased by 48 extra pieces per month on one machine. Implementing standards from time study and motion study analysis can effectively improve productivity by reducing delays in work processes.
Without time standards, it would be very difficult to accurately determine how many employees, machines, or other resources are needed. Time standards provide an objective measure of the time required to complete tasks, allowing for informed planning and resource allocation.
Work study involves the systematic analysis of work processes with the goal of improving efficiency and reducing costs. It examines how work is done in order to find the best and most efficient use of resources like people, materials, equipment and time. The main techniques used in work study are method study and work measurement. Method study involves analyzing existing and proposed work methods to develop easier and more effective processes, while work measurement establishes the time required to complete a specified job using the improved method. Process charts, flow diagrams and other tools are used to record and analyze work methods as part of work study. The overall aim is to simplify work and set performance standards to increase productivity.
This document discusses work study and line balancing for the garments industry. It begins by introducing work study, which involves systematically analyzing work to optimize efficiency. The basic tools of work study are then outlined as work measurement, method study, and time study. Line balancing is introduced as allocating machines and work to individuals according to a work sheet to optimize production. The document then provides details on various aspects of work study and line balancing, including objectives, processes, techniques, and applications to garment manufacturing and sewing. It concludes by outlining the sewing sequence and process for making a polo shirt.
This document provides information about garment merchandising and industrial engineering. It defines merchandising and outlines the key steps in the merchandising process from developing buyers to shipment. It also describes the work of merchandisers, including sourcing, pricing, order follow up, and ensuring on-time shipment. Additionally, it discusses industrial engineering and its focus on improving productivity through methods like time studies, layout optimization, and training. It provides details on cost analysis, production planning, and the different techniques used to set work standards.
A capsul to explaine a part of industrial engineering,time study, one of the powerful tools that used to adapt the Rhythm inside the value stream, to create an eye on the process and to improve & control the process cost.
Work study techniques like method study and work measurement are used to systematically examine human work to improve efficiency and reduce costs. Method study involves systematically recording the current work method, critically examining it to identify alternatives, developing an improved method, installing it, and maintaining the new standard. It aims to simplify work processes, reduce fatigue, optimize resource usage, and improve productivity. Various charts can be used to record work including process charts, two-handed process charts, and micro-motion study (SIMO) charts. Macro-motion studies examine overall processes while micro-motion studies analyze individual motions and gestures.
Provides an introduction to Lean Management and its application along with video links. The slide also details the improvement cycle with Value added, non-value added and waste in any activity or process. This slide focuses on the time and motion study and how to observe the process. This helps identify process time and determine if the process is value-added. Helps anyone who wants an idea on starting process analysis and continuous improvement in office and factory environments to reduce waste and get cost-effectiveness. Provides an overview of the lean tools and some videos to expand the basic knowledge. Provides a link for the file download for direct observation.
Links for the video & Files
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfsRAZUnonI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZvsqm4Jok8
https://files.fm/f/2uhf7y8er
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHOppLiEG0o
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jmTOuHxc4nE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOLfe37gq4g
PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL-WORK STUDYAttiMurugan
This document discusses work study techniques used to improve productivity and efficiency. It defines work study and describes its objectives of analyzing current work methods, establishing standard times, and improving efficiency. It outlines various work study techniques including method study, work measurement, time study procedures and tools. Principles of motion economy are discussed to reduce ineffective movements and optimize workplace layout, tool design and human motions. The document provides examples and diagrams to illustrate techniques like process charts, therbligs, micro-motion study, work measurement and time study.
The document discusses product planning and process planning. It defines product planning as the evaluation of existing and new products in relation to market requirements and competition. Product planning involves marketing analysis, feasibility studies, and advanced product planning. Process planning involves preparing instructions to manufacture a product and its parts. It establishes the link between engineering design and manufacturing. Process planning determines the operations, tools, facilities, and documentation.
This document discusses work study and method study. It provides:
- An overview of work study and its objectives of efficiently utilizing resources to achieve quality work.
- Details on method study, which systematically examines work methods to develop easier and more effective techniques.
- The objectives of method study, which include improving processes, working conditions, and reducing effort.
- The basic procedure for method study, which involves selecting work, recording existing methods, examining facts critically, developing improved methods, defining and installing new methods, and maintaining changes.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
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UNLOCKING HEALTHCARE 4.0: NAVIGATING CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE I...amsjournal
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is transforming industries, including healthcare, by integrating digital,
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population health. The study explores stakeholders' perceptions on critical success factors, identifying
challenges such as insufficiently trained personnel, organizational silos, and structural barriers to data
exchange. Facilitators for integration include cost reduction initiatives and interoperability policies.
Technologies like IoT, Big Data, AI, Machine Learning, and robotics enhance diagnostics, treatment
precision, and real-time monitoring, reducing errors and optimizing resource utilization. Automation
improves employee satisfaction and patient care, while Blockchain and telemedicine drive cost reductions.
Successful integration requires skilled professionals and supportive policies, promising efficient resource
use, lower error rates, and accelerated processes, leading to optimized global healthcare outcomes.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
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CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
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geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
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The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
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Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Presentation1 work study.pptx
1. Full Name ID No
Gabbisa Gamise PGE/56687/14
Tasfaye Buli PGE/56696/14
Deda Abera PGE/56685/14
AMBO UNIVERSITY
HACHALU HUNDESSA CAMPUS
SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Degree of Master of Science (M.Sc.) In Industrial Engineering and Management
Work Study & Ergonomics
Group Project
Summited to: .Tariku Tamiru, PhD
Submission Date: 11-02-2023
Ambo,Ethiopia
2. Introduction
Work study is a generic term for the techniques of method study and work
measurement
Work study succeeds because it is systematic both in the investigation of the
problem being considered and in the development of its solution.
The project is about to study the existing method of different work stations
and suggesting improved method for the same so as to reduce the cycle time
and to improve productivity
The importance of this project work is directly related to the reduction of the
stoppage time and increasing the productivity.
The proposed work is done in mugher cement industry which engaged in
production of cement.
3. Problem Statement
To study the existing method involved in welding and maintenance of cement
mill flanges and suggesting new improved methods using work study
techniques to reduce the stoppage time and improve productivity through
increasing working time of the mill without stoppage
4. Objectives of Study
To suggest a new improved method to reduce the cycle time of the same.
To minimize the stoppage time of the mill and also to minimize excess man
power.
To propose a new method of performing the job and comparing it with the
existing method
To study the present work process and identify bottle neck areas.
5. LITERATURE REVIEW
Work study is a generic term for techniques, particularly method study and
work measurement
Work study investigates the work done in an organization and aims at finding
the best and the most efficient way of utilizing the available resources to
achieve best possible quality work in minimum possible time and causes least
possible fatigue to the worker
Method study is the systematic recording and critical examination of ways of
doing things in order to make improvements
Work measurement is the application of techniques designed to establish the
time for a qualified worker to carry out a task at a defined rate of working
6. Method Study
Method study is a systematic method of analyzing the manufacturing
procedure of doing a job
it is the process of analyzing the methods and finding the best possible
method which involves minimum time, not make fatigue to the workers and
increase productivity
Method study is generally done by eliminating all unnecessary motions
7. Method Study procedure
Select the work which deserves to work-study and define the objective we
need to achieve
Record all the relevant data which are essential for the method in chart form
to obtain a clear picture of the respective methods
Process and multiple activity charts
Making Diagrams
Motion and Memo motion studies
8. Flow Process Chart
A flowchart is a picture of the separate steps of a process in sequential order
It is a generic tool that can be adapted for a wide variety of purposes, and
can be used to describe various processes, such as a manufacturing process,
an administrative or service process, or a project plan. It's a common process
analysis tool and one of the seven basic quality tools.
Elements that may be included in a flowchart
9. Flow Process chart symbols
Operation – Any operation for making altering or changing the job is said to
be an operation
Inspection – Checking the quality and quantity
Transport – Movement or travel of the job
Delay or temporary storage – Breakdown, interface or time required for
some adjustments
Storage This symbolizes an inventory hold, warehouse or work in progress
inventory bin/warehouse
b) Inspection – Checking the quality and quantity
10. When to Use a Flowchart
To develop understanding of how a process is done
To study a process for improvement
To communicate to others how a process is done
When better communication is needed between people involved with the
same process
To document a process
When planning a project
11. Flow Chart Basic Procedure
. Define the process to be diagrammed
. Discuss and decide on the boundaries of your process
. Brainstorm the activities that take place
. Arrange the activities in proper sequence
When all activities are included and everyone agrees that the sequence is
correct, draw arrows to show the flow of the process.
. Review the flowchart with others involved in the process to see if they agree
that the process is drawn accurately
12. Data Collection by Manual Work Study
Method
Loosing each bolt that connect flange and shell
Dismantle flange and shell
Loading the 1st flange and transport it to work shop
Adjusting
Measuring
cutting the 1st flange by oxyacetylene
Cutting v groove on front side, to create bevel joint
Grinding
Rotate the flange
Cutting v groove on back side, to create bevel joint
Grinding
Inspection and check for crack penetration
Pre-clean part and make shine
Apply dye penetrant
Remove penetrant after it dry
Apply developer
Evaluate indications(inspection)
Post-clean part
Loading the 2nd flange and transport it to work shop
Adjusting
Measuring
cutting the 2nd flange by oxyacetylene
Cutting v groove on front side, to create bevel joint
Grinding
Design v on back side, to create bevel joint
13. Count..
Grinding
Inspection and check for crack penetration
Pre-clean part and make shine
Apply dye penetrant
Remove penetrant after it dry
Apply developer
Evaluate indications(inspection)
Post-clean part
Adjusting two flanges to weld each other
Inspection
Heating front side of bevel joint
Welding front side of bevel joint
Inspection
Rotate flanges to back sides
Adjust it on the bench
Remove porosity from back side of v groove
Grind depth of v groove
Heating backside of bevel joint
Welding back side of bevel joint
Inspection
Rotate flanges to front sides
Adjust it on the bench
Apply heat treatment
Inspection
Transport it to the cement mill
Assemble with the cement mill shell
Tighten all bolts to the required torque
14. Some list of activity in picture
Measuring cutting
16. Operational Process Chart
An operational process chart for cement mill flange welding and maintaining
in mugher cement is recommended as bellow
17. The 5W1H Method Has Many Applications
It is perfectly suited, by virtue of its simplicity and versatility, to a variety of
structures, configurations and problems, and so it can be used at all levels of the
situation.
The Followings Are the Application Area of the 5W1H
At the industry level to design ore improve production through work study and
ergonomics
At the strategy level to design or improve a market penetration strategy, for instance;
At the management level to improve organization and processes during brainstorming
sessions;
At the quality level as a problem-resolution support tool;
At the innovation level to boost the emergence of solutions and ideas in the cause of
progress;
At the project management level generally.
18. The Advantages of the 5W1H Method
The strength of the 5W1H method lies in four key attributes:
Simple: no need for training or people accredited in the method to
successfully ask these questions.
Systematic: the key to success is to always ask all the questions, each and
every time.
Versatile: it can be used equally well to design a new process as to
implement a corrective measure.
Comprehensive: the method can be used to obtain a 360° view of the
problem and detect the route to resolution
19. no Statement 5w1h
what why when where who
1) Loosing each bolt that connect flange and shell Arranging necessary tools at a place/
site / torque wrench
To facilitate the jobs easily Before starting the jobs At work site Maintenance supervisor
1) Dismantle flange and shell Arranging necessary tools at a place To facilitate the jobs easily Before starting the jobs At work site Maintenance supervisor
1) cutting the 1st flange by automatic cutting machine Using automatic cutting machine To shorten working time Before starting the jobs At work shop Maintenance supervisor and welder
technician
1) cutting the 2nd flange by automatic cutting machine Using automatic cutting machine To shorten working time Before starting the jobs At work shop Maintenance supervisor and welder
technician
1) Adjusting two flanges to weld each other Preparing bench To handle and transport easily During dismantling parallel at the same
time
At work shop Maintenance technician
1) Welding front side of bevel joint Using summerged arc welding To shorten working time At work shop after proper adjustment At work shop welder technician
1) Welding back side of bevel joint Using summerged arc welding To shorten working time At work shop after proper adjustment At work shop welder technician
1) Tighten all bolts by using pneumatic torque Using pneumatic torque wrench To handle and carry out the job easily At site after transportation and proper
assembly
At site Maintenance technician
20. Work measurement
Is the application of techniques designed to establish the time for an average
worker to carry out a specified manufacturing task at a defined level of
performance. It is concerned with the length of time it takes to complete a
work task assigned to a specific job.
21. Count..
Attempts to measure work and to establish work standards
It gives feeling to the workers that standards may result in more effective
control and they may be required to do hard work for lesser wages.
Management feels that the use of standards may lead workers to work hard
which may result in higher wage bills.
Application of techniques designed to establish the time for qualified
operator/worker to carry out a specified job at a defined level of
performance is called the work measurement.
22. A work has to be measured for the
following reasons:
To discover and eliminate lost or ineffective time.
the best method must be used
materials must not be wasted;
To establish standard times for performance measurement.
To measure performance against realistic expectations.
To set operating goals and objectives
Developing the desired system and method usually the one with lowest cost.
Standardizing the system and method.
Determining the time required by a qualified and properly trained worker working at a
normal place to do a specific operation.
the quality of the work must be satisfactory to the employer
the machinery and equipment must be used properly
safety standards must be maintained
23. Uses and objectives of Work Measurement:
Target time for each job can be scientifically estimated, with this estimate realistic
schedules and manpower requirements can be prepared.
Sound comparison of alternative methods is possible by comparing their basic times.
Useful wage incentive schemes can be formulated on the basis of target times.
In can lead to proper balancing of the work distribution.
It can help to analyses the activities for performing a job with the view to eliminate or
reduce unnecessary or repetitive operations so that human effort can be minimized.
To standardize the efficient method of performing operations.
To standardize conditions for efficient performance.
To determine man and machines ratio for effective and efficient utilization of both.
To provide information’s and basis for production planning and scheduling activities.
24. Count…
According to the manual work study the present method takes 637hours to
dismantle and welding the cement mill flange and the proposed method takes
479 hours to dismantle and welding the cement mill flange. Hence Savings is
158hours
Standard time
• % of improvement
= ((Present method - Proposed method)/Present method)*100 •
= ((637-479)/637)*100 •
= 24.8%
25. Productivity Improvement
It will improve the current process by reducing the unnecessary movements of
worker and by reducing workers fatigue.
After implementing the suggested improvement areas the industry is able to
increase its productivity.
26. From process improvement we conclude that for mill
production capacity of 70 to/hr.
We calculate that
Hence Savings is 158 hours
Mill production capacity of 70 to/hr.
Total production improvement
= production capacity * Savings hours
= 70 to/hr. * 158 hours
=11,060 ton of cement
= 11,060 ton *10 kuntal
= 110,600 kuntal of cement
=110,600 *382 birr
= 42,249,200 birr
27. Count….
Time studies are best suited for activities that involve a set of predictable
and repetitive actions.
They are ideal in factory settings, where the production process can be
broken down into a series of sequential tasks and operator movements.
28. Count…
By considering overall allowance of 15% standard time can be calculated
Standard time = normal time + allowance
Contingency allowance should not be more than 5%, and should only be given
where the contingencies cannot be eliminated and are justified.
Typical values of relaxation allowance are 12-20%.
Standard time is the total time in which a job should be completed at
standard performance
29. Element Description
Observation sheet
Cycle time Summary
1 2 3 4 5
𝑇 Tmean
PR NT ST
Loosing each bolt that connect flange and shell
48 51 49 48 52 240 48 80 38.4 44.16
Dismantle flange and shell 13 13 12 11 11 60 12 90
10.8 12.42
Loading the 1st flange transport it to work shop
10 7 7 9 7 40 8 80 6.4 7.36
Adjusting 10 7 7 9 7 40 8 110
8.8 10.12
Measuring 2.5 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 10 2 120
2.4 2.76
cutting the 1st flange by oxyacetylene 48 37 39 42 38 200 40 115
46 52.9
Cutting v groove on front side, to create bevel joint
16 17 16 15 16 80 16 120 19.2 22.08
Grinding 11 9 10 11 9 50 10 80
8 9.2
Rotate the flange 2.5 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 10 2 90
1.8 2.07
Cutting v groove on back side, to create bevel joint
24 25 25 24 22 120 24 120 28.8 33.12
Grinding 13 13 12 11 11 60 12 80
9.6 11.04
Inspection and check for crack penetration 7 6 5 6 6
30 6
90
5.4 6.21
Pre-clean part and make shine 4 6 5 6 4 25 5 110
5.5 6.325
Apply dye penetrant 2.5 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 10 2 120
2.4 2.76
Remove penetrant after it dry 5 5 3 4 3 20 4 110
4.4 5.06
Apply developer 1.5 1.5 2 2.5 2.5 10 2 120
2.4 2.76
Evaluate indications(inspection) 4 3 3 3 2 15 3 120
3.6 4.14
Post-clean part 2.5 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 10 2 120
2.4 2.76
Loading the 2nd flange and transport it to work shop
10 7 7 9 7 40 8 90 7.2 8.28
Adjusting 9 8 8 9 7 40 8 110
8.8 10.12
Measuring 1.5 2.5 2 2.5 1.5 10 2 120
2.4 2.76
cutting the 2nd flange by oxyacetylene 48 37 39 42 38
200 40
115
46 52.9
Cutting v groove on front side, to create bevel joint 16 17 16 15 16 80 16 120 19.2 22.08
Grinding 11 10 9 10 10 50 10 80
8 9.2
Design v on back side, to create bevel joint 24 25 25 24 22
120 24
120
28.8 33.12
Grinding 13 13 12 11 11 60 12 80
9.6 11.04
Inspection and check for crack penetration 7 6 5 6 6
30 6
90
5.4 6.21
Pre-clean part and make shine 4 6 5 6 4 25 5 110
5.5 6.325
Apply dye penetrant 2.5 1.5 2 1.5 2.5 10 2 120
2.4 2.76
Remove penetrant after it dry 5 3 4 5 3 20 4 110
4.4 5.06
Apply developer 2.5 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 10 2 120
2.4 2.76
Evaluate indications(inspection) 4 3 3 3 2 15 3 120
3.6 4.14
Post-clean part 2 3 2 1.5 1.5 10 2 120
2.4 2.76
Adjusting two flanges to weld each other 13 13 12 11 11
60 12
110
13.2 15.18
Inspection 5 4 3 2 2 15 3 90
2.7 3.105
30. Heating front side of bevel joint 5 4 4 4 3 20 4 80
3.2 3.68
Welding front side of bevel joint 52 51 49 50 48 250 50 80
40 46
Inspection 2.5 2 2 3 1.5 10 2 90
1.8 2.07
Rotate flanges to back sides 2.5 1.5 2 1.5 2
10 2
90
1.8 2.07
Adjust it on the bench 5 3 4 5 3 20 4 110
4.4 5.06
Remove porosity from back side of v groove 7 7 6 5 5
30 6
80
4.8 5.52
Grind depth of v groove 24 25 21 24 23 120 24 115
27.6 31.74
Heating backside of bevel joint 5 3 4 5 3 20 4 90
3.6 4.14
Welding back side of bevel joint 72 71 70 69 68 350 70 80
56 64.4
Inspection 3 2 2 1.5 1.5 10 2 90
1.8 2.07
Rotate flanges to front sides 10 7 7 9 7 40 8 90
7.2 8.28
Adjust it on the bench 5 3 4 5 3 20 4 110
4.4 5.06
Apply heat treatment 24 25 25 24 22 120 24 120
28.8 33.12
Inspection 2.5 2.5 2 1.5 1.5
10 2
90
1.8 2.07
Transport it to the cement mill 2.5 2 2.5 1.5 1.5 10 2 110
2.2 2.53
Assemble with the cement mill shell 48 51 49 48 52 240 48 90
43.2 49.68
Tighten all bolts 52 49 51 49 48 240 48 80
38.4 44.16
Total ` 649.3 746.695
31. Control Chart
A control chart is a very powerful tool that determines a change in progress
over a period of time. The data is presented in a manner of time order. A
control chart is a medium that helps one to understand the behavior of
different processes.
32. Count….
A control chart is very helpful because it determines if the process in control
or is it out of control, with the help of the three basic lines which composes
the:
– center line which represents the data’s median or average
– lower line that indicates lower limit
– upper line that upper limit
A control chart is very helpful in verifying how effective the change in the
process is.
It helps to determine if the capability analysis is still is valid to be performed.
Control charts provides convenient comparison in the shifts in the changes of
a process variation and a process mean.
Control charts are also very essential because they assess performance of
process over a period of time.
34. Conclusion
Based on Flange welding result , welding time and welding performance data
taken from maintenance time, that have indicated the company is indeed in
experiencing problems overall and the welding system is ineffective. This
project manage to bring out some of the causes of the ineffectiveness of the
flange maintenance and its welding, lack of welding maintenance policy on
work study
The purpose of this project is to minimize or reduce the duration of flange
welding through work study guide lines and also to improve the welding
process and its activity, to reduce downtime