IE Application - Sustainable development in Madrid

Sustainable
Development
in
Madrid

Beatriz
Fernández
de
Córdoba

Beatriz
Fernández
de
Córdoba

“Do
you
think
that
the
lifestyle
of
the
inhabitants
of

your
town
reﬂects
behaviour
that
is
in
line
with
the

concept
of
sustainable
development?
In
your

opinion
what
should
be
improved?”

InternaEonal
InsEtute
for
Sustainable
Development
(IISD).

Environment

Society

Economy

SUSTAINABILITY:
THE
CHALLENGE
“Sustainable
development
is

the
development
that
meets

the
needs
of
the
present

without
compromising
the

ability
of
future
generaEons

to
meet
their
own
needs”.

Madrid
Barajas
Airport
is

commiLed
to
a
sustainable

development
policy
which
has

achieved
a
80%
increase
in
the

recovery
of
hazardous
waste
in

2012

100%

recycling
of

waters

2012
industry

expenditure
on

environmental

protecEon
was

€2,348million

M-‐30
underground

has
achieved
the

reducEon
of
35.000

tons
of
CO2

Industry
environmental

expenditure
has

decreased
following
the

2008
recession

The
use
of
wind

power
in
Spain
has

signiﬁcantly
increased

in
past
years
as
a

percentage
of
total

energy
use
91.7%
of

households
in

Madrid
recycle

hLp://www.aena.es/csee/ccurl/844/557/Madrid-‐GEST%20AMBIENTAL%202012_ingles_V4_OK.pdf

InsEtuto
Nacional
de
EstadísEca
Report
on
Sustainable
Development
2008.

hLp://www.connectedurbandevelopment.org/ciEes/madrid

hLp://elpais.com/elpais/2014/09/10/inenglish/1410347495_437248.html

ENVIRONMENT
-‐
FACTS

hLp://www.dw.de/madrid-‐air-‐polluEon-‐reaches-‐alarming-‐levels/a-‐16739363

PROBLEM:
Air
PolluAon

•  Levels
exceed
European-‐
mandated
amount
of
gasses
and

parEcles.

•  75%
of
air
polluEon
comes
from

motor
vehicles.

SOLUTION:
Transport

IniAaAves

THE
ENVIRONMENT

Metro
de
Madrid

•  PromoEon
of
the
use
of

underground
by
improving

accessibility.

•  ReducEon
of
road
congesEon.

•  Rail
transport
has
low
C02

emissions
per
passenger

transported.

•  Reform
of
faciliEes
underway

to
reduce
pollutant

atmospheric
emissions.

•  More
than
3
million
people

travel
daily
on
the
metro

(almost
100%
of
the
city

populaEon).

HOV
Lanes

•  More
passengers/vehicle.

•  Increased
infrastructure

capacity.

•  Reduced
congesEon
–
less

vehicles
on
the
road.

•  Reduced
CO2
emissions
per

person.

•  Reducing
travel
Eme
through

the
faster
HOV
lanes.

•  Fuel
eﬃcient
economy.

•  The
HOV
lane
carries
59.3%
of

morning
peak
hour
travellers

vs.
40.7%
who
travel
on
the

main
roadway.
BiciMAD

•  Network
of
electric
bikes
which

make
transportaEon
faster
and

safer,
aLracEng
users.

•  Provides
and
encourages
an

environmentally
“clean”

method
of
transport.

•  Outdoor
experience.

•  Available
24
hours/day
at
a

small
cost.

•  Usage
contributes
to
the

reducEon
of
CO2
emissions.

•  Exercise
–
further
contribuEng

to
society’s
health.

hLp://www.metromadrid.es/es/conocenos/responsabilidad_corporaEva/Contribucion_Metro_a_la_Sostenibilidad/

hLp://www.dac.dk/en/dac-‐ciEes/sustainable-‐ciEes/all-‐cases/transport/madrid-‐changing-‐behaviour-‐towards-‐sustainable
-‐transportaEon/

hLp://www.bicimad.com

TRANSPORT
INITIATIVES


THE
ENVIRONMENT
PROBLEM:
Low
Recycling

Levels

•  Less
than
30%
or
Madrid’s

garbage
is
being
recycled.

•  Main
reason:
failure
to
separate

organic
and
non-‐organic
waste.

SOLUTION:

PromoAon
of

Recycling

Households

•  FacilitaEng
recycling
on
a

household
level
by
installing

several
recycling
barrels
per

neighbourhood.

•  €250
ﬁne
for
household
failure

to
recycle
or
incorrect
recycling

in
Madrid.

•  91.7%
of
households
in
2014

separated
waste
into
organic,

packaging
and
paper.

•  Household
recycling
also

contributes
to
reducEons
in
air

polluEon.

AdverAsing

•  Raising
awareness
about
the

beneﬁts
of
recycling.

•  Madrid’s
City
Hall’s
slogan
“do

not
hesitate
to
separate”.

•  Community
of
Madrid’s

program
“Ecoescuelas”
aimed

at
promoEng
educaEon
on

ecologic
recycling.

•  Large
Spanish
private

companies,
such
as
“Leche

Pascual”,
also
encourage

recycling
in
their
markeEng

strategies.

RECYCLING
INITIATIVES
hLp://www.lavanguardia.com/local/madrid/20140115/54398152084/madrid-‐multas-‐250-‐euros-‐no-‐reciclar-‐correctamente-‐basura.html


hLp://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/es/Inicio/Ayuntamiento/Medio-‐Ambiente/Educacion-‐ambiental/Campaña-‐de-‐separacion-‐de-‐residuos-‐

hLp://www.madrid.org/cs/Satellite?pagename=ComunidadMadrid/Home

What
can
be
improved?

THE
ENVIRONMENT
Most
of
the
failure
to
separate
organic
and

non-‐organic
comes
from
improper
treatment
of

waste
once
collected.
Landfills
are
at
maximum

capacity
and
are
producing
huge
amounts
of

methane
which
contributes
to
the
greenhouse

gas
effect.
It
is
therefore
imperaEve
to
create

more
space
for
landfills
and
oversee
the

treatment
of
waste
for
its
correct
and
clean

processing.

Although
Madrid
has
an
efficient
metro
system,

which
itself
contributes
to
the
sustainability
of

the
city,
it
sEll
manages
to
be
flooded
with

people
at
peak
hours.
This
is
because
they

choose
the
metro
over
opEons
such
as
busses

or
carpools
on
congested
roads.
Consequently,

if
bus
transport
were
encouraged
more,
or
if

the
metro
system
capacity
were
to
be

expanded,
congesEon
might
be
reduced.

ECONOMY
-‐
FACTS
Tourism
plays
an
important

role
in
the
capital’s

economy.
In
fact,
the
World

Tourism
OrganisaEon’s

headquarters
are
located
in

Madrid

The
unemployment
rate

in
Madrid
is
around
20%

and
youth

unemployment
is
sEll

approximately
at
a

staggering
50%

hLp://www.tradingeconomics.com/spain/unemployment-‐rate

hLp://www.madrid.org/iestadis/

hLp://www.datosmacro.com/deuda/espana-‐comunidades-‐autonomas/madrid

hLp://www.muycomputerpro.com/2015/02/09/madrid-‐id

hLp://www.elconﬁdencial.com/empresas/2015-‐01-‐30/el-‐gobierno-‐da-‐hoy-‐luz-‐verde-‐a-‐la-‐operacion-‐chamarEn-‐que-‐creara-‐120-‐000-‐empleos_652176/

Debt
as
a
percentage
of

Madrid’s
GDP
reached
its

peak
in
June
2014
as
has

been
decreasing
since

€6
million
are
being

invested
in
the
largest-‐
scale
urban
development

project
in
Europe,

“OperaEon
Chamarvn”
in

Madrid.

The
rate
of
people

entering
the
workforce

in
2008
in
Madrid
was

0.8%

The
amount
of
investment

in
Research
and

Development
in
Madrid

has
increased
in
2015
to

over
€3
million,
which
will

bring
long-‐term

sustainable
beneﬁts
to
the

city

PROBLEM:
Unemployment

•  The
unemployment
rate
in
Madrid

is
around
20%.
While
one
of
the

lowest
in
Spain,
it
is
well
above

the
European
average
(11.4%).

•  Youth
unemployment
is
sEll

approximately
at
a
staggering

50%,
giving
rise
to
a
“lost

generaEon”.

SOLUTION:
Tackling

Unemployment
at
its

Root

THE
ECONOMY

SHORT-‐TERM
CHANGE

•  Average
real
wages
decreased

for
the
first
Eme
since
the
2008

crisis
in
2012
given
lower

budgets.
A
higher
employability

effect
was
desired,
however

the
delay
in
response
to
higher

unemployment
has
miEgated

the
effect
of
the
change.

•  Rise
in
the
expenditure
on

unemployment
benefits
given

rising
unemployment
following

the
crisis
in
order
to
be
able
to

provide
the
jobless
with
a

certain
level
of
income
to
live.

UNEMPLOYMENT
POLICY
UNIVERSITY
REFORMS

•  Spain
has
suffered
from
40%+

youth
unemployment
three

Emes
in
the
past
30
years:
it
is

a
structural
issue.

•  There
is
a
severe
mismatch

between
supplied
skills
and

demand
at
the
post-‐university

level.

•  Policies
including
standardised

tests
aimed
at
reducing

Europe’s
highest
secondary
and

higher
educaEon
drop-‐out
rate.

•  Reforms
including
the

internaEonalisaEon
of

educaEon
aimed
at
increasing

graduates’
presEge.

INDUCING
EMPLOYABILITY

•  Severance
payments
were

reduced
from
45
to
33
days’

salary/year
of
service
in
order

to
give
employers
flexibility.

•  Tax
breaks
for
employers
who

convert
fixed-‐term
contracts

into
permanent
arrangements.

•  Employers
given
the
freedom

to
reduce
salaries
without

employee
consent
in

redundancy
situaEons.

•  However,
the
effects
of
these

policies
have
not
been
enErely

successful
as
unemployment

remains
at
alarmingly
high

levels.

hLp://www.intereconomics.eu/archive/year/2013/4/865/

hLp://www.squiresanders.com/files/Event/bddeba0e-‐a202-‐49c4-‐9c58-‐d557e905893d/PresentaEon/

hLp://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2013/0517/Spain-‐s-‐controversial-‐educaEonal-‐reform-‐Will-‐the-‐Green-‐Tide-‐wash-‐it-‐away

hLp://www.obhe.ac.uk/newsleLers/borderless_report_june_2012/higher_educaEon_reforms_italy_spain

THE
ECONOMY
PROBLEM:
Lack
of

Investment

•  The
2008
ﬁnancial
crisis
has

crippled
domesEc
and

internaEonal
propensity
to
invest

in
Spain
and
Madrid,
in
turn.

•  Low
investment
means
low

development
of
the
city.

SOLUTION:

Investment
Schemes


INVESTMENT
SCHEMES
InternaAonal
Investment

•  The
program
“Invest
in

Madrid”,
carried
out
by
the

Chamber
of
Commerce,
is

aimed
at
aLracEng
and

facilitaEng
internaEonal

investment
in
the
capital.

•  The
campaign
managed
to

encompass
over
35
projects
in

its
initial
6
months.

•  BeLer
economic
condiEons

have
led
foreign
investors
to

renew
their
investment
in

Madrid.

DomesAc
Investment

•  Renewed
levels
of
investment.

•  ParEcularly,
the
project

“Chamarvn
OperaEon”
has

been
categorised
as
the
largest

urban
development
scheme
in

Europe.

•  It
will
renovate
the
Chamarvn

area,
currently
occupied
by

overground
train
faciliEes,
into

an
urban
area,
creaEng
parks

and
modern
infrastructure.

•  The
“operaEon”
will
create

over
120,000
long-‐term
jobs.

hLp://www.invesEnmadrid.com

hLp://www.elconﬁdencial.com/empresas/2015-‐01-‐30/el-‐gobierno-‐da-‐hoy-‐luz-‐verde-‐a-‐la-‐operacion-‐chamarEn-‐que-‐creara-‐120-‐000-‐empleos_652176/#

What
can
be
improved?

THE
ECONOMY
Even
though
a
variety
of
measures
against

unemployment
have
been
carried
out,
the

amount
of
jobless
people
has
not
signiﬁcantly

diminished.
Since
the
naturally
high
level
of

employment
in
Madrid,
and
in
Spain
as
a

whole,
is
a
structural
issue,
more
long-‐term

changes
need
to
be
made.
In
parEcular
it
is

fundamental
that
labour
ﬂexibility
is
further

introduced,
for
example
by
reducing
severance

payments
further.
By
looking
at
labour
market

models,
such
as
the
American,
it
is
clear
that

more
dynamic
labour
law
leads
to
greater

employment
levels,
and,
ironically,
greater

sustainability
on
an
economic
level.
Another

criEcal
change
to
be
made
is
the
complete

reform
of
the
Spanish
educaEon
system.
A

wider
variety
of
subjects
to
study
at
university

need
to
be
introduced
in
order
to
reduce

supply-‐demand
mismatch.
Policies
to
reduce

dropouts
from
studies
are
also
necessary.

SOCIETAL
SUSTAINABILITY
Thousands
of
people
in

Madrid
are
forced
to
live
and

sleep
on
the
streets

Life
expectancy
for
the

ciEzens
of
Madrid
is
one
of

the
highest
in
the
world:

85
years
for
women
and

79
for
men

Primary
and
secondary

educaEon
up
to
the
age

of
16
in
Madrid
is

compulsory
and
free

3%
of
“Madrileños”

cannot
afford
to
eat

meat,
chicken
or
fish

every
two
days

26.8%
of
households
in

Madrid
suffered
from

vandalism
in
2013

Fundación
FOESSA:
VIII
report
on
exclusion
and
social
development
in
Spain.


hLp://www.solidarios.org.es/que-‐hacemos/personas-‐sin-‐hogar/

PROBLEM:
Social
Exclusion

•  0.7%
of
the
Spanish
populaEon
is

homeless
or
lives
in
sub-‐standard

housing.

•  For
a
growing
number
of
people,
the

food
in
garbage
bins
helps
make

ends
meet.

•  Unequal
employment
and

educaEonal
opportuniEes
divided
by

neighbourhoods.

SOLUTION:
IniAaAves

pro-‐EducaAon,
and

Against
Homelessness

and
Hunger

SOCIETAL
SUSTAINABILITY
hLp://www.share-‐internaEonal.org/archives/homelessness/hl-‐cfSpain.htm

hLp://www.nyEmes.com/2012/09/25/world/europe/hunger-‐on-‐the-‐rise-‐in-‐spain.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0

EDUCATION

•  Making
educaEon
more

accessible
for
opportunity

equality.

•  Community
of
Madrid

iniEaEves:
by
taking
a
basic

course
in
“Formación

Profesional”,
ciEzens
of
all

backgrounds
can
be
re-‐
educated
for
employment

purposes.

•  Primary
and
secondary

educaEon
is
mandatory
and

free
in
municipal
schools

across
the
capital.

HOMELESSNESS

•  The
Community
of
Madrid

provides
shelter
homes
for

the
homeless.

•  The
Community
of
Madrid

also
provides
shelter
for

those
in
a
situaEon
of

household
“urgency”

including
abuse.

•  Volunteering
schemes
such

as
the
ONG
“Solidarios”
oﬀer

the
homeless
company
and

someone
with
who
they
can

interact.

SOUP/FOOD
KITCHENS

•  Abundant
free
food
services

are
available
in
Madrid,
both

provided
my
the
council
of

Madrid
and
by
non-‐for
proﬁt

organisaEons.

•  Some
organisaEons,
such
as

Caritas,
now
aLend
2.5
million

people
on
an
annual
basis.

•  OrganisaEons
such
as
the

Order
of
Malta
serve
500

meals
daily
in
the
capital

alone.

•  Numerous
voluntary
work

takes
place
in
these
kitchens.

hLp://www.madrid.org/cs/Satellite


hLp://sociedad.elpais.com/sociedad/2014/09/29/actualidad/1411989045_795090.html

hLp://www.orderofmalta.int/latest-‐intervenEons/21323/the-‐order-‐of-‐malta-‐soup-‐kitchens-‐in-‐madrid-‐serve-‐500-‐meals-‐daily/?lang=en

SOCIAL
INCLUSION

SOCIETAL
SUSTAINABILITY
What
can
be
improved?

I
believe
that
in
respect
to
the
policies
in
place,
Madrid
works
hard

to
sustain
social
inclusion
and
enable
equity
between
its
peoples.

Apart
from
the
aforemenEoned
iniEaEves,
public
healthcare
is

provided
to
all
via
Social
Security.
However,
a
deeper
change
needs

to
occur
for
the
sustainability
and
PEACE
of
Madrid’s
society.
More

openness
must
be
achieved
for
there
to
be
greater
tolerance.
With

regards
to
innovaEon
and
change,

having
an
open
mind
will
enable

our
society
to
embrace
new
opportuniEes.

Sources

InternaEonal
InsEtute
for
Sustainable
Development
(IISD).

hLp://www.aena.es/csee/ccurl/844/557/Madrid-‐GEST%20AMBIENTAL%202012_ingles_V4_OK.pdf

InsEtuto
Nacional
de
EstadísEca
Report
on
Sustainable
Development
2008.

hLp://www.connectedurbandevelopment.org/ciEes/madrid


hLp://www.dw.de/madrid-‐air-‐polluEon-‐reaches-‐alarming-‐levels/a-‐16739363

hLp://www.metromadrid.es/es/conocenos/responsabilidad_corporaEva/Contribucion_Metro_a_la_Sostenibilidad/

hLp://www.dac.dk/en/dac-‐ciEes/sustainable-‐ciEes/all-‐cases/transport/madrid-‐changing-‐behaviour-‐towards-‐sustainable
-‐transportaEon/

hLp://www.bicimad.com

hLp://www.lavanguardia.com/local/madrid/20140115/54398152084/madrid-‐multas-‐250-‐euros-‐no-‐reciclar-‐correctamente-‐basura.html


hLp://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/es/Inicio/Ayuntamiento/Medio-‐Ambiente/Educacion-‐ambiental/Campaña-‐de-‐separacion-‐de-‐residuos


hLp://www.datosmacro.com/deuda/espana-‐comunidades-‐autonomas/madrid

hLp://www.muycomputerpro.com/2015/02/09/madrid-‐id

hLp://www.elconﬁdencial.com/empresas/2015-‐01-‐30/el-‐gobierno-‐da-‐hoy-‐luz-‐verde-‐a-‐la-‐operacion-‐chamarEn-‐que-‐creara-‐120-‐000-‐empleos_652176/

hLp://www.intereconomics.eu/archive/year/2013/4/865/

hLp://www.squiresanders.com/ﬁles/Event/bddeba0e-‐a202-‐49c4-‐9c58-‐d557e905893d/PresentaEon/

hLp://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2013/0517/Spain-‐s-‐controversial-‐educaEonal-‐reform-‐Will-‐the-‐Green-‐Tide-‐wash-‐it-‐away

hLp://www.obhe.ac.uk/newsleLers/borderless_report_june_2012/higher_educaEon_reforms_italy_spain

hLp://www.invesEnmadrid.com

Fundación
FOESSA:
VIII
report
on
exclusion
and
social
development
in
Spain.


hLp://www.share-‐internaEonal.org/archives/homelessness/hl-‐cfSpain.htm

hLp://www.nyEmes.com/2012/09/25/world/europe/hunger-‐on-‐the-‐rise-‐in-‐spain.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0

hLp://sociedad.elpais.com/sociedad/2014/09/29/actualidad/1411989045_795090.html

hLp://www.orderofmalta.int/latest-‐intervenEons/21323/the-‐order-‐of-‐malta-‐soup-‐kitchens-‐in-‐madrid-‐serve-‐500-‐meals-‐daily/?lang=en

IE Application - Sustainable development in Madrid

More Related Content

What's hot

Viewers also liked

Similar to IE Application - Sustainable development in Madrid

Recently uploaded

IE Application - Sustainable development in Madrid