Urban redevelopment

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Urban Development Pattern: A case study of Jadibuti Node
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 Importance of urban development
Urban area is more vibrant in terms of activities. Because of urbanisation, cities
having high population densities, there is busy life, heavy traffic movement on
roads, polluted environment, people having packed schedule. To minimise the stress
full life of city dwellers, it is necessary to have urban development in context with
designs and physical infrastructure developments in Jadibuti to sustain itself in terms
of node and towns.
Residential areas & the commercial centres are the primary focus of urban
development. Urban development occurs by expansion into unpopulated areas
and/or the renovation of decaying regions.
Urban Development helps cities create sustainable mechanisms for future growth.
Urban development in Jadibuti is the most necessary things now. Communication
and social interaction among large numbers of people occur in development area.
Their main role is being loci of socialization in the city and also they are the stages
where alternative cultures perform in the public realm of the city. They are dynamic
urban spaces which are always subjected to transformations of the city and its
inhabitants.
Space created for use where people can enter for individual or public interests
without social discrimination. If well organised, it will help to enhance cohesion of
community life, positively change the public behaviour, and increase the community
awareness, promote individual identity and have a certain degree of local cultural
meanings.
Urban development is often deemed a practice of expansion when cities spread into
new areas. However, within a city itself, urban development takes on a different
meaning. When compared with Jadibuti node, urban communities can appear to be
the most developed in terms of commercial and business developments, open
spaces, accessibility, city image and faster access to the latest technology.
1.2 Introduction of Jadibuti Node

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Figure: Jadibuti Node
1) About the Jadibuti
History tells that the Koteswor,Narephante, old Thimi gave their contribution in
the growth of the town Jadibuti near Manhara River.It belongs to the ward-35,
of Kathmandu district, with population of 7600 as per the census-2013.
(CBS,2013).
It is also connected to the different road which links to Narephante,Pepsicola,
Bhaktapur and to the Capital city. Jadibuti town is famous for small industries
like Slate dipo and wooden products, Pushpanjali hall, and mainly by Jadibuti
herbal complex, which is the National herbal production centre.
2) Location of Jadibuti
E Th v o f om h
mean sea level is 4268 ft and the eye altitude is 9066 ft.

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Figure: Location Map of Jadibuti node
3) Historical Background
The rapid change in Kathmandu valley can be seen by comparing the sattelite images of the
valley taken at different time. The sattelite images of 1967, 1979, 1992, 2001 and 2012 are taken
to study the change in landuse pattern of the site area Manhara, Jadibuti.
The history itself shows there is a gradual change from 1967 till today. Sattelite image 1967
shows that the Manhara river is flowing from Northeast to Southwest. The both sides of the
Manhara river is surrounded by a green belt and only few land are used as a houses. There is no
provision of any bridges or road networks in the Manhara, Jadibuti area.
No permanent structures and built forms available. Only agriculture land is available. Only few
foot trails are found on that time. The route was from old Thimi.
JADIBUTI AREA
(study area)

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Figure: Corona Sattelite Image of Kathmandu, 1967(Source: Genesis Consultancy)
Sattelite image 1979 show changes in landuse pattern near Manhara river, and the road network
was developed which was linked from Koteswor to Bhaktapur of 2 lane; similarly the road was
found to be interconnected to the old Thimi. Built form was fairly developed with the
establishment of Puspanjali hall and establishment of airport as a greatest achievement.
Surrounding ring road was constructed.

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Figure: Sattelite Image of Kathmandu, 1979(Source: Mohan Moorti Pant, Khwopa Engineering
College)

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Sattelite image 1992 shows, there are variation on landuse pattern near Jadibuti area. Increase in
built form like Jadibuti complex. Buildings & streets are the most visual features found on this
location.
Figure: Sattelite Image of Kathmandu, 1992 (Source: Genesis Consultancy)

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Sattelite image 2001 shows Pushpanjali hall, Jadibuti herb complex was found in that area. The
settlement pattern was changed into cluster settlement on the way to Pepsicola chowk. Children
Park was found behind the existing fuel station. New settlement found near Narephat. Many
agriculturable land was converted into building plots.
Figure: Sattelite Image of Kathmandu, 2001(Source: Genesis Consultancy)

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Sattelite image 2013 shows that there is a rapid changes from 2001, which has destroyed most
part of the agriculturable land into plots and many plots were converted into buildings, residence
and market at Jadibuti and near Manhara river. At the period of 11 years, the land was
completely changed, landpooling project was found to be active towards southern part in
Manhara, Jadibuti area from 2003. Squatter settlement was found at 2007 at the bank of Manhara
river, Jadibuti. The land structure is changed into compact form and mostly green area was
changed into plots.
The road network which is of 2 lane is started to convert into 6 lane highway from Nov, 2008
and end at April 2010. Slate dipo was found at both the sides of bridge and few near to Jadibuti
chowk. Jadibuti is becoming a urban node for development and a access for transportation from
intersection of roads which is interconnected to old Thimi through Araniko Highway. The green
environment is degrading due to increase in buildings and its surrounding.
Figure: Sattelite Image of Kathmandu, 2013 (Source: Genesis Consultancy)

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1.3 Manhara River of Jadibuti
Figure: Manhara river of Jadibuti
1.4 Growth of the Jadibuti area
The growth of the town Jadibuti during 1967 A.D is of dispersed settlement. After
1979 A.D, the growth started along the Pepsicola and Lokanthali, which give the
birth to the Jadibuti area when there was found to be Jadibuti herbal centre.
The Kathmandu city grew further and the town Jadibuti emerged. As the city grew,
and when there is a provision of accessibility, the Jadibuti town is formed and
extended into cluster settlements. Because of better accesibilty after 2007, a 4 lane
highway with 22 metre width bridge, the system of road is changed and from 2 lane
converted into 4 lane road system.

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It belongs to the ward-35, of Kathmandu district, with population of 7600 as per the
census-2013. (CBS,2013). It is well connected by Araniko highway of four lane.
Jadibuti is the main node to enter old Thimi from Pepsicola and enter different
districts.
Chapter 2. Research Background
2.1 Need of the Research
I. Lack of Recreational area
As per the size of the city, it comes under the category ward-35, Kathmandu
district. But from the municipal boundaries, there is a lack of proper physical
infrastructures and open spaces in the Jadibuti town; only 0.001% of the total
area was shown for recreational purpose since no land was selected for
recreational area by the governments and the developers.(source: Manhara land
pooling office,Teku)
Though there are land available, but due to poor concentration by the local
community in development process, the squatter and slums had captured and
settled in the form of residence in the selected site area of the Jadibuti town.
Hence to overcome the shortage of open spaces, commercial centres, it is
identified that the city is having potential for development of recreational space
with commercial centres with basic services & facilities in terms of the area to
build the structures near waterfront and sustain for the future. The Manhara river
shows great potential development like other waterfront in Valley, which has
exemplifies by the terms of development in the cities.
2.2 Development potential of the Jadibuti Node
Jadibuti is bounded by Manhara river in the Eastern side though flowing from
Northern side to Southern side. Due to the barriers from slums and squatters in the
selected site area for, it posses a great potential development. Even though the
Kathmandu valley is growing rapidly and its accessibilty from the road network is
proper in terms of development process. The Manhara river can contribute in the
growth of the Jadibuti towns after giving some following consideration.
i. Strength:
 Good road network/ and a Araniko Highway
 Gate way to enter different districts via Tinkune-Suryabinayak 6
lane highway
 Manhara river
 Present of open land near riverside and land pooling area

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 Strategic locations of prominent views ie. Visual spatial image
ii. Weakness:
 Lack of pedestrian & foothpath
 Lack of provision like physical infrastructure planning
 Lack of commercial centres, business & facilities like parks,
greenary preservations, and open spaces
 Encroached by slums and squatters in nearby land of Mahara river
 Encroached by slums people to do business like slate and dumping
material
 Lack of new designs and developments
iii. Opportunity:
 Commercially potential zone
 Presence of large vacant spaces and open area
 Potential of development of landmark
 Can be developed as to form a city image by developing new
technology designs to sustained the Jadibuti node
 Riverfront development along Manhara river
 Strategic views of Jadibuti will be retained/protect
 Natural riverfront conservation with green belts
iv. Threats:
 River pollution/ sewage disposal
 Lack of urban design guidelines to manage and regulate urban
growth in the study area
 Limited scope of prevailing bylaws to address improving these
strategic location
 Slums and squatter settlement creating unpleasant scenario in the
study area

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 Lack of awareness and physical matters, destroyed the natural
green belts and converted into concrete jungles
2.3 Issues & Problems
Figure: Dumping site store Figure: Shops like Slate dipo
Figure: Direct dumping in the land Figure: Squatter settlement (encroached)
Figure: Direct discharge of city sewage Figure: Direct dumping of the solid waste

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Figure: Manhara river with un-managed gabion creating flood prone zone in locality
Chapter 3: Aim, Objective and Methodology
3.1 Aim
Enhance the share of urban spaces by effective utilization of available land along the
Manhara River by restoring the natural waterfront: Jadibuti
3.2 Objective
1. Identification of the potential development along the Manhara River.
2. Creation of usable open space for recreational purpose and commercial centres.
3. Identify the suitable recreational facilities & commercial centres to be proposed
on the study area
3.3 Methodology
Jadibuti as the case area has been selected because there is a Manhara river which
influences of waterfront development pattern. After that selection of stretch has been
done based upon the width, location, surrounding activities etc., with the aim of area was
delineated to carry out the study, in data collection there has primary survey and
secondary data collection has been done.

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After that in analysis mapping, identification of issues and problems, area analysis,
surrounding Landuse analysis has been done. In next stage after identification of
strategies proposal has been given. The Proposal consists for the development of land
along the riverfront and the potential identification for different activities. Main idea
behind the proposal is to provide vibrant recreational activities & commercial centres to
the city people. Mainly proposal based for pedestrian and ecofriendly use of activities.
FIGURE: METHODOLOGY DIAGRAM
Basis: Location, Width,
Depth, Surrounding Landuse,
Delineation of river Fronts
(Land available in between
river and adjacent road)
Mapping: Landuse detail,
Area analysis, Ownership &
Encroachments details
Identification of Issues &
Problems
Under utilization of land,
Waste disposal,
Encroachments, Health issues
etc.
Selection of Case Area
Aim & Objectives
Selection of Stretch
Data Collection
Analysis
Identification of
potential land
Creation of usable
Recreational space
Identification of suitable
activities for developed
land
Primary and secondary
data survey(landuse,
data collection);
Manhara landpooling;
ward office
Proposals
Construction
of retaining
wall
Recreational
areas
Pedestrian lane Navigation Revenue generation
activities
Land filling Parks, gardens Foothpath, Jogging Commercial shops, restaurants & bar

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Chapter 4: Literature Study
4.1 Thapathali waterfront development pattern( A case study)
Figure: location map of Thapathali
This place is situated in Bagmati,
Central, Nepal; its geographical
coordinates are 27° 43' 0" North, 85° 19'
0" East. Thapathali links the business of
Lalitpur and Kathmandu. The
connectivity at the Thapathali crossing
guarantees an easy reach all across the
central business district whether it be
new road, Singha durbar or Jawlakhel.
Figure: Junction of Thapathali

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The surrounding area of the Junction is a mixed use communities with commercial centres with
basic services and facilities. Those are the commercial areas mostly known as common business
districts; the area is used by slums and squatters and the area is divided into different landuse
form as there is a religious place known as Kalomochan, cited in the above figure with hospital
area and offices and super structures built in these area. This area is much developed in the case
of waterfront development. The area covers the physical infrastructure development with
sustainability future.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT AT THAPATHALI
In 1967 AD, there was wide Bagmati River with narrow bridge. Less built form was seen along the river.
Figure: surrounding and zoning in the junction

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In 1992 AD, there found wide Bagmati River with narrow bridge. Gradually built form was increasing
than the earlier one. Thapathali college was established 1972 AD by German contribution.
Figure: Satellite Image of Thapathali, 1992AD (Source: Genesis Consultancy)

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In 2001 AD, the Bagmati River change towards narrow form. Dense built forms seen along the river line.
A new bridge is added along the old bridge (1993/1994).

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In 2012 AD, Wide River changes into narrow form. A new bridge is added along the old bridge
(1993/1994). Dense built forms, squatter settlement and road found along the river.
4.2 Kuching waterfront, Sarawak, Malaysia
Kuching's waterfront is a significant commercial area where trading activities concentrated
along Main Bazaar and Gambier Street areas on the south bank, with the Astana and Malay
villages around it on the north bank of Sarawak River. This project studies the landscape
redevelopment of the riverside marketplace to revitalize the environment for commercial,
recreation and tourism benefits. The marketplace serves as public realm that displays local
characters and helps to promote the place to outsider. However, the issue of duplication and
homogenization of waterfronts have result the development do not fits well into the city and
meets the needs of the people. Moreover, the market place faces traffic congestion, poor
facilities and illegal structure construction, which disturbs the visual quality of the place.

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The main objective of this redevelopment proposal is to strengthen the commercial and
recreational activities which reflects character, social, culture and identity of the place. The
design considers visual character and quality of the place as a riverside marketplace. Social
and cultural events and festivals as well as history and architecture of the place are the
important aspects of the design.
The design concept is festive market which represents the positive cultural traits, trading
activities for seasonal and diurnal times displaying a variety of daily and local products in
the colonial buildings, Chinese shop houses and also the new amenities provided. The
master plan comprises of three zones including transition area, dry market and wet market
that reflects different characters and functions in each location.
The design applies a metaphor of ripple originating at a square (Teluk Sampan) and the
development spreads to east and west in Dayak art motives. The wet market is comprised of
meat and vegetable markets and a traditional market. At the traditional market the spatial
arrangement is derived from longhouse architecture where the apartment and loft stand for
the market historic building, the gallery (Ruai) and (Barok) stand for the semi open market
stores, and the deck (Tanju) stand for the open spaces towards the river. In addition, the
extension bridges enclosed the jetty that served as viewing platform and linkage to the
promenade.
Finally, the lookout tower as a focal point at (Teluk Sampan) allowed viewing vistas to all
over the waterfront compound. This project will revitalize the waterfront, enhance the
quality of life and meet the demand of healthy environment for public involvement.

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Source: http://fabserver.utm.my
4.3 Conclusion
After the study of all above case areas, it is clear that water bodies can be used for social
purpose, along the Jadibuti, Manhara River vibrant activities can be developed for public
and commercial use, which includes waterfront parks, pedestrian lane, markets, some
activities for the revenue generation, etc. Development of land along the Manhara River
will helpful in social integration, cultural development, & can change the character of
the city.
Chapter 5: Identification of the Potential Land
5.1 Surrounding Landuse detail along the Manhara river
One town and two town area is known as major retail commercial zone in the city.
Jadibuti is known from the Jadibuti herbal complex situated at the nodal point as T
junction, commonly said as Jadibuti town. Jadibuti is also famous for Slate dipo and
stone products. The main common reason to identify the Jadibuti towns is its surrounding
landuse.
Residential Landuse is dominant in the other parts of the city. Waterfront are the
backbone for the growth of the city. Among all three cities, Manhara River is passing
through the core area of the city with major Landuse of commercial and Residential.
Maximum lands abutting river is either occupied by slums or used as dumping place in
Jadibuti, Manhara area. Few plots are developed as lanpooling which is not properly
maintained.
Targeted blight removal and beautification of the areas surrounding the waterfront may
become necessary so as to create a more receptive context for new investment.The
landuse around the Jadibuti is found to be mostly the retail shops with groceries and
shutters to do business. There is found to be a water purifying office located at 400 m
from the Jadibuti chowk towards Lokanthali; and similarly there is the automobile
maintainence and repairing centre with wooden furniture and some few local lodge found

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nearby Puspanjali hall. The landuse pattern seems few commercial centres only with
residential developments as a case of urban sprawl.
Pepsicola
Koteswor Bhaktapur
Figure: Street network
5.2 Reason behind the selection of Jadibuti
Among all three cities, Manhara River has been selected for the development of available
land and the private lands by landpooling abutting the river.
1. There is possibilities, that the selected site Jadibuti will be developed in the sense
of basic services, amenities and facilities, physical infrastructure and other
provision as like the Thapathali area which has developed and became a Common
business districts for business and development.
2. This river transverse the selected site area Jadibuti and the city.
3. Maximum activity can be concentrated along the Manhara river due to Araniko
highway and accessible of proper roads from different districts.
4. Available land along the Manhara river accessible by roads.
5. Jadibuti node will be successful in comparison to Thapathali case. There are many
such possibilities to grow, develop and design the Jadibuti area for its
sustainability like Thapathali, but few things should be taken into consideration
like urban districts, local infrastructure planning, preservation of greenary belts
and river conservation and new designs.
Jadibuti
Urban
node

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6. Land reclaimed by riverfront development will largely be allocated for free and open
public use; more than 25% of riverfront land will become public infrastructure,
recreational parks, sports facilities, and vast new gardens.
7. The Manhara Riverfront will enhance the distinctive character of Jadibuti towns,
significantly improving the quality of life for residents and enhancing Jadibuti
value as a destination for institutions, investment, education opportunities, and
tourism; and from the conservation and preservation point of view.
8. This designstudio studies the landscape redevelopment of the riverside
marketplace to revitalize the environment for commercial, recreation and tourism
benefits.
9. The place serves as public realm that displays local characters and helps to
promote the place to outsider
Components of a waterfront: The key components considered for waterfront
development are set out below:
 Recreational amenities / Entertainment
 Park area
 Commercial complex
 Landscaping
 Hardscaping
 Paths
 Seating facilities
 Pergolas and shelters
 River conservation

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Figure: Animated photo image to show the development will be the same along Manhara river.

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Figure: Canary Wharf, London- Waterfront development pattern
Figure: Kongens Nytorv Square serving as the gateway to Nyhavn, Copenhagen's top waterfront.

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5.3 Delineation of the Study area
For the development of land abutting Manhara River, different land use has been
identified i.e. vacant land, encroached land and developed land along the river. Most
important things have been found that all lands are available either in between the river
and adjacent road or in between river and pure residential area. As per the existing land
use along the river, area has been delineated for study purpose according to the following
considerations:
1. Land which comes in between existing roads (running parallel to the river)
2. At some locations plot boundary of residential plots has been considered for
delineation. (the action of indicating the exact position of a border or boundary)
A. Existing area classification under the Delineated area
Under the delineated area there are four types of land use i.e. land for circulation,
vacant land is used for dumping, encroached land under slum and developed area
through land pooling. In area calculation circulation area has not considered. There
would not be any intervention in circulation area.
OBSERVATIONS
 Municipal is not showing interest in waste management due to which
Manhara river became a waste dumping site.
 20% of the land along the river is occupied by slum people.
 Developed lands by land pooling are not well maintained.
 Manhara river is accessible through roads.
 Residential activities are dominant along the river.
 Due to the lack of proper management, river became the breeding place of
Mosquitoes & flies due to stagnated waste water during the off season (April
to July).
POTENTIAL
Since this river passes through the city with major Commercial & Residential
zones, riverfront can be developed for Recreational purpose, so that people
can spend some leisure period.
Riverfront are encroached by slum settlements, after rehabilitation of slums,
river berms can be developed for recreation purpose.

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Since river is passes through the area with dominant Landuse & high density,
there is more chance of getting users.
Minimum & Maximum width of the river is varying from 40 M to 60 M, so
after stream line the water course by construction of retaining wall, reclaimed
land can be generated for the further development.
Due to the dominancy of Residential Landuse, average land value along the
river varies from Rs. 15 lakh per Aana to 24 lakh per Aana.
Rise in price of land in jadibuti landpooling area( In 2001, the land price of
front location is Rs. 5,00,000 per Aana and backside location was Rs. 3,00,000
per Aana, but in today’s context, after landpooling the price of land is
increased and near highway, the price of land is Rs. 15,00,000 per Aana and
the back side plot rate is Rs. 8,00,000 per Aana.
B. Existing Slum Settlement within the Delineated area
Manhara river, Jadibuti is easily accessible; passes through the residential zone and
availability of land. These factors are responsible for the generation of livelihood to
the poor people. Because of these factors poor people have been encroached the land
abutting river. There are around 900 poor people living in ~0.5Ha of land along the
river. This settlement has been seen all along the river from North to South sides. The
existing slum settlement has opened slate dipo as well as the dumping material store
nearby the Manhara river.
C. Traffic flow Analysis along Jadibuti area
Traffic flow analysis is most necessary to calculate the flow in the peak hour as well
as day hour to understand and predict how much people travel from this highway to
reach their destinations and the most important thing is to know how much the
busiest road is- in the sense to know the accessibility and potentiality of these
Jadibuti area.
By traffic flow analysis, we can design the waterfront development pattern in
Jadibuti area by making a provision of the basic services and facilities with the help
of designs to preserve the city image of Jadibuti as well as these trafic data will help
us to know the actual information about flow of automobiles per day, which will be
the helpful data for designing process.
(Source: According to the Traffic police, Koteswor, the per day flow of vehicles
from different districts within the route of Bhaktapur, Pepsicola, old Thimi meeting
at Jadibuti and similarly from different districts entering from Kalangki to Koteswor

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to Bhaktapur and from Baneswor entering to Araniko highway through Jadibuti,
found to be 50,000)
Increasing number of private and public vehicles necessitate the construction of
overhead crossing and also available of Jadibuti chowk.
Morning flow: 10 -10:30 am
 Vehicles moving from Koteshwor to Bhaktapur (145) is more than Bhaktapur
to Koteshwor (94) in the morning
Evening 5:00 – 5:30 pm
 Koteshwor to pepsicola(61) is less than Pepsicola to Koteshwor and
Bhaktapur(67)
 From Bhaktapur to Koteshwor(63) is less than Koteshwor to Bhaktapur(116)
From Two wheeler Four wheeler >four wheeler
A to B 86 53 6
B to A 51 36 7
A to C 39 17 5
B to C 23 09 1
C to A & B 47 18 2
Total 246 133 21
(sum total:400)
Table 1: Morning time: 10.00 am to 10.30 am (Denotation: A-Koteshwor, B-Bhaktapur,
and C- Pepsicola)
Assuming No. of Automobiles (2W, 4W, >4W) be 500 as 100% (base index) at different
interval of time, then at peak hour (morning), the flow of traffic is 80%, from the above
data.

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Figure: route showing point of observation towards the destination
Afternoon flow: 2:00-2:30 pm
 From Bhaktapur to Koteshwor(35) is less than Koteshwor to Bhaktapur(37)
 From Koteshwor to pepsicola (20) is less than pepsicola to Koteshwor and Bhaktapur
(42).
A to B 20 12 5
B to A 17 15 3
A to C 15 13 1
B to C 9 11 2
C to A & B 19 16 7
Total 80 67 18 (sum total: 165)
Table 2: Afternoon time: 2.00 pm to 2.30 pm (Denotation: A-Koteshwor, B-Bhaktapur,
and C-Pepsicola)
interval of time, then at afternoon, the flow of traffic is 33%, from the above data.

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Figure: route showing point of observation towards the destination
Evening flow: 5:00 -5:30 pm
A to B 83 39 7
B to A 46 15 2
A to C 39 27 3
B to C 14 07 1
C to A & B 16 11 3
Total 198 99 16 (sum total: 313)
Table 3: Evening time: 5.00 pm to 5.30 pm (Denotation: A-Koteshwor, B-Bhaktapur, and
C-Pepsicola)
interval of time, then at evening, the flow of traffic is 62.6%, from the above data.

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Figure: Traffic flowing from different routes
D. SERVICE RADIUS
AREA AROUND BUS STOP
SERVICE RADIUS
COMMON BUS STOP
Figure: service radius

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The picture shows that the public vehicles are easily from the sites. All of the four pockets have
two bus stops at Jadibuti chowk and near fuel station. The bus stop at Jadibuti chowk requires 1
minute walking distance from the Puspanjali hall and aprroximately 10 minute from the
Pepsicola chowk. The total area of the study area is 161678.66 sq. meters (317-12-3-1.82).
Maximum 10 minutes require from the edge point of the site. It needs 2 min from the edge of site
and 2 min from Dial Community to reach the bus stop near fuel station.
S.No Description Year Remarks
1 Jadibuti complex 1979-1992 1981/82
2 Puspanjali hall 1967-1979 1979
3 Park 1998-2001
4 Squatter settlement 2001-2012 2007
5 Dial community 2007
6 Fuel station 1992-1998 1998
7 Slate dipo 2001-2012
8 Dumping site 2001-2012
9 Manahara
land pooling
2001-2012 2003
10 Ghat (ritual place) 2013 2013
11 Residence (dispersed) from 1967
12 Residence 1979-2013 1979
Figure: showing the road and footpath

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Table 4: Services & facilities in the study area
The people from the site of left region come to the Jadibuti chowk for public vehicles and
remaining site to bus stop at fuel station. Both the bus stop remains common route connected by
bridge.
Figure: Lack of footpath and divider in the road for safety
Figure: City image from different perspectives
(cluster/compact)

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Chapter 6: Analysis
6.1 Perspective behind the Proposal
Within the study area there are only three types of Landuse (except road network) i.e.
vacant land, encroached land (slums, existing buildings and religious structures) and
developed land as land pooling.
Other than these lands, Reclaimed land can be generated by construction of retaining wall
throughout the river. After cleaning of vacant land and rehabilitation of slums; available
land can be used as a public spaces under which different types of activities can be
proposed for recreation. Proposed activities can be of two types:
a) Purely social purpose i.e. recreational activities without fees and
b) For the purpose of revenue generation i.e. recreational activities with fees. Activities
for the generation of revenue will be helpful in return back of investments involved in
development.
Figure: Perspective diagram for Proposal
Study area
Reclaimed land
Vacant land
Encroached land
Deveoped land
by land pooling
Land for
development
for social
purpose
On street 2W parking lots
Public convenience
Waterfront Park
Pedestrian lane
Flower garden
Recreational purpose
(without fees)
Recreation
al purpose
(with fees)
Markets
Auditorium
Bar & Restaurant
on street parking lots
(source for revenue
generation)

35
S.No. Proposals Benefits
A Retaining wall
 To protect the
natural waterfront
 Helpful in solid
waste management
 To prevent the river
becoming a dumping
site
B Land filling  It will helpful in
reclaiming land along
the river berms.
C Waterfront park & foothpath
 Waterfront Park &
footpath: these two
elements are running
parallel to the river,
offers a unique vista
to the people towards
water body. Along
the river, people can
walk. This segment
along theriverl will
be as active as a
public street.
 It can be the place
for social
integration.
D Proposal of following activities

36
1 Gaming zone
 It will be a children
attraction zone,
profit/revenue earning,
software based gaming
area, it will be active
recreational area
2 Retail shops
 It can be for stationary
items, snacks shops,
book shops, and
handloom or
handicraft shops.
3 Hoarding for advertisement
 It will helpful in
getting revenues
from city level
commercial shops
or malls.
4 Flower garden or park  In this garden there will
be different types of
flower plants with
landscape design.

37
5 Restaurants
 In this restaurant
sitting area will be
near to riverfront.
6
Auditorium  To organized cultural
activities & getting
fees from that.
7
Public convenience  All design will be for
all types of users i.e.
children, old age,
disable person
Table 5: Perspectives behind the proposal
6.2 Available land along the river for Development
Along the river there are four types of land is available i.e. unused vacant land, developed
by MLP, encroached land and reclaimed land. Along the river total land generated is
around 16 Ha for the development of river front which constitutes 39% of land is unused
vacant land, 28% of land has been encroached, 7% of land is reclaimed and only 27% of
land has been developed by MLP. Along the river encroachments include Mix Landuse,
Slum settlements, Temple & Parking space under study area. (MLP-Manhara Land
pooling)
6.3 Why Jadibuti: A critical Analysis comparing with Thapathali
The analysis is mainly focussed from the development point of view. Why and how the
Thapathali area is developing in comparison to the Jadibuti node, which is also the transit
point to enter different districts. Thapathali area was developed due to the development of
emergency services like Norwich hospital, maternity home and other physical
infrastructure development.
Though there is a historical background related to the Thapathali area. There is a Palace
with Ghats which has its own importances from the religious point of view, and mostly
from Lalitpur and Kathmandu districts, people visit the Ghats for ritual and religious
purposes. The ritual and ceremonies are conducted on that places which highlighted the

38
river front area Thapathali, and the most connecting linkage from Lalitpur and
Kathmandu due to political focus & consideration and different ministries surrounding on
that locality helps to developed Thapathali area in comparison to the Jadibuti area.
And the historical background of Jadibuti shows that it also belongs to the river front
area, but lacks in provision of physical infrastructure development as well as there are not
so concerned from the political focus and no ministries are found in the area near
Koteswor and Jadibuti area, hence, we can conclude that if the local planning is
considered and focus in comparison to the development like Thapathali area, then
majority chances are there to developed from the urban design point of view.
While comparing Jadibuti area, there are still possibilities like Thapathali, to grow in
managed form by creating new physical infrastructure development and a place for CBD.
Jadibuti node will be successful in comparison to Thapathali case. There are many such
possibilities to grow, develop and design the Jadibuti area for its sustainability like
Thapathali, but few things should be taken into consideration like urban districts, local
infrastructure planning, preservation of greenary belts and river conservation and new
designs.
To form a urban city image, there should be the provision of good infrastructure
developments and new design in the Jadibuti node if and only if the local infrastructure
planning is sustained.
Figure: Urban image of Jadibuti

39
Chapter 7: Design Studio Proposals
I. Perspective behind the proposal
Total available land can be divided for the purpose of Waterfront Park,
pedestrian lane, public & semi-public, commercial and for recreation.
Land distribution has been taken according to UD Guidelines for Public &
semi-public and commercial use but this can be varying as per the
available land and surrounding Landuse.
For land allocation major emphasis has been given on the activities which
will be benefited to the social purpose. In commercial, retail shops are
allowed. Parking lots will be provided as per the proposed activities.
II. Potential of developable land for different activities
Potential of the available land has been decided by considering three factors
a) surrounding Landuse, b) accessibility and c) area of the land available for
the development.
For detail proposed landuse refer the figure under below:
III. Comparison: Existing landuse Vs Proposed landuse
Compared situation details with existing landuse and proposed landuse are
listed under table below:
S.No. Existing landuse Proposed landuse
1  Lack of new designs &
developments
 Arrangement of new
designs with physical
provision with
developments
2  20% of the land along
the river is occupied by
slum people.
 New developments
targeting for
recreational and
commercial purposes
3  River is used only for  Used for recreational

40
dumping purpose and parks
4
 Developed lands by
land pooling are not
well maintained.
 Introducing new
designs with
infrastructure
provisions helps to
sustain all lands
Table 6: comparison: existing landuse Vs proposed landuse
Chapter 8: Recommendation
1. Parking space should be provided as per the requirements of different activities.
2. There should be public convenience at a distance of 200 meter.
3. There should be an individual bin collection system at each commercial unit.
4. In recreational zone, there should be a dust bin at each 300 meter.
5. Ho g fo v m w ow Ro o y; h wo y
provision of pamphlets for advertisements. Hoardings will be in mono color.
6. Proper pedestrian spaces should be provided for safety and security feeling.
7. Greenary space should be provided to preserve natural beauty and its surrounding
image.
8. To preserve the image of the Jadibuti node and its settlement, there should be the
sustainability of such physical infrastructure provisions by local infrastructure
planning.
9. Environment action plan should be formulated to prevent from pollution and
waste disposal
10. Community involvement should engaged to develop their own towns as in Nepali
sayings: “Aafno gaun aafai banau”

41
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Funk, J (1985); New Albany Riverfront Development (accessed on: 3rd April 2012 at 12:53 AM)
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Abeles, Phillips, Preiss & Shapiro, Inc. Waterfront Zoning: Issues and Options. New York:
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Josselyn, M.N., M. Martindale and J. M. Duffield. Public Access and Wetlands: Impacts of
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