6. Armed aggression
on the part of states Natural disasters
Civil defence Civil protection
"Homeland security" "Civil contingencies"
(civil defence) (resilience)
Armed aggression
"Generic" disasters
on the part of
groups of dissidents
7. Military Civilian
Armed Civil administration
forces Volunteers (civil society)
Emergency services
(army)
[residual role]
Civil defence Civil protection
Command and control Co-ordination
and co-operation
Chain of command Autonomy
8. Emergency management:
an evolutionary approach
Civil defence...............Civil protection
Proxy Participatory
Command and control Collaboration
Vertical chain Task forces
of command Population consulted
Population excluded and included
Law and order Problem solving
Secrecy Openness
10. Command
Locus of function
control principle
Tension of Spectrum of
opposites alternatives
Locus of Support
collaboration function
(support) principle
11. organisation
E
E
Command
te me
te c me r
function
c hn r ge
hn ge
c a nc
iica nc y
ll s y a
s e r a nd
e r v nd
viic
cees
P
P ub
ub
lliic
c
a a
an ad
nd dm
d p mn
p o iin s
olliit iis t
t c t ra
Policies/Ethics
iiciia ra t
a ns t ors
ns ors
Operations
Strategies
GGen
en
pu er
pu b er a
b a
lliic ll
Tactics
Results
c
O
T
S
R
E
P
12. The command function (PESTOR)
The command function (PESTOR)
•• based on command and control
based on command and control
•• a clear division of responsibilities
a clear division of responsibilities
•• a residual component of authoritarianism
a residual component of authoritarianism
•• hierarchical decision-making processes
hierarchical decision-making processes
•• possibly not compatible
possibly not compatible
with collaborative models..
with collaborative models
13. The support function principle
The support function principle
•• non hierarchical and based on networks
non hierarchical and based on networks
•• encourages fllows and
encourages fllows and
cascades of information
cascades of information
•• it is easy to identify the manager of a
it is easy to identify the manager of a
particular function in a different unit
particular function in a different unit
•• difficult to apply the principle of
difficult to apply the principle of
command, which is poorly articulated
command, which is poorly articulated
•• difficult or impossible to integrate
difficult or impossible to integrate
with command function-based systems..
with command function-based systems
14. Communications
Logistics
Support
Medical
function
Search & rescue
organisation
Media liaison
...etc.
15. Command function principle:
command and control
model
Information Management
technology decisions
Support function principle:
collaborative and cooperation
model
16. Hierarchical
divisions: Geographical
national, divisions:
regional, catchments,
local, etc. jurisdictions,
areas, etc.
Division
and
integration
Functional
divisions: Organisational
government, divisions:
healthcare, police, fire,
commerce, etc. ambulance,
etc.
21. THE KNOWN
PROBABILITY
Grey (constrained uncertainty)
area Cause Single, multiple
or cascading effects
PURE UNCERTAINTY
Causal relationship
unknown
THE UNKNOWN
22. Indeterminacy Climate
change
Collateral Cascading
vulnerability effects
Interaction Secondary
between risks disasters
"Fat-tailed"
distributions Probability
of impacts
23. Hazards
and risks:
disaster
preparedness Uncertain
future:
Governance:
long-term
democratic Livelihoods:
trends
participation diversity
climate
in decision and security
change
making
capacity
to adapt
RESILIENCE:
managing risks
adapting to change
securing resources
24. SUSTAINABILITY
disaster risk reduction
RISKS
daily: unemployment, poverty, disease, etc.
major disaster: floods, storms, quakes, etc.
emerging risks: pandemics, climate change
resource consumption
stewardship of the environment
economic activities
lifestyles
SUSTAINABILITY
25. Sustainable
development
and livelihoods
Public and
Sustainable
political
funding
support
Sustainable
civil protection
programmes
26. emergency-planning.
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