This document discusses inequality, discrimination, and marginalization in education in India. It defines these terms and identifies key causes such as differences in regions, family background, gender imbalance, and types of schools. Specific causes of discrimination mentioned are caste, economic status, and gender. Poverty, caste, and gender are identified as causes of marginalization. Five-year plans and government schemes aimed to improve access to education for marginalized groups such as Dalits, tribals, and women through scholarships, vocational training, and other facilities. Relevant constitutional provisions aiming to promote equality are also outlined.

1. Dr.S.ANTONY VINOLYA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN HISTORY
V.O.C.COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
THOOTHUKUDI.

2. INEQUALITY DISCRIMINATION MARGINALIZATION

3. MEANING OF INEQUALITY
:
Inequality is a difference in
size, amount , quality ,social
position or other factor.

4. CAUSES FOR INEQUALITY IN
EDUCATION
1.Differences in regional : Educational
opportunities in different state an
districts.
2.Family back ground : Poverty of parents,
Home environment[first generation learners]

5. 3.GENDER IMBALANCE : Gender- based
violence, Child marriage;
4. IN EQULAITY SCHOOLS :State board
,Central board of secondary education,
Curriculum, Evaluation.

6. TYPES OF
INEQUALITY
CASTE
CLASS
GENDER
REGIONS

7. DISCRIMINATION
MEANING:
The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different
categories of people, especially on the grounds
of race, gender economic condition disability
and religion.

8. CAUSE FOR DISCRIMINATION IN
EDUCATION:
1.Caste : Hereditary Occupations,
Caste system,[Government
Schools, Government addled
school ,Private school]
2.Economic: Income
3.Gender: Men,Wemen

9. MARGINALIZATION
MEANING:
Unimportant or
powerless position
within a society or
group.

10. CAUSE FOR MARGINALIZATION
IN EDUCATION:
POVERTY: Family income
Caste: Caste vise,[Dalits,
Tribals]
Gender : women

11. Dalits
Tribals
Women
MARGINALIZED GROUPS

12. Dalits-
Members of
the lowest
social group-
Used in 19th
century
Tribals-
Category of
human
social
group-Taken
from LATIN
Word
TRIBUS
WOMEN-
LIGHT

13. First 5 year plan-Facilitated
education
Third 5 year plan-Importance
Technical and vocational
Fourth 5 year plan-Emphasized
on education
FIVE YEARS PLAN

14. OTHERS:
Increase in enrolment,
scholarships focus on
vocational education,
free transport facilities,
education loans, free
uniform , text books.

15. Scholarship[IX &X]
Vocational training centers in Tribal
areas
Upgradation of merit students
Free transport ,boarding facilities
Ashram schools for tribal students
Assistance for study at Tutorials
Education centers.

16. •Separate institution for girls
•Free women hostel
•University grand commission has
launched a number of schemes to
encourage the enrollment and promotion
of girls
•Scholarship
•Development of Women’s Studies in
Universities and Colleges.

17. Article 14-Equality before law
Article 15-Prohibition of discrimination on
grounds of religion race, caste, sex ,or place of
birth
Article17-Abolition of Untouchability
Article 15(3)-Nothing in this article shall
prevent the state from making any special
provision for women and children

18. Article 29:No citizen shall be denied admission
into any educational institution maintained by the
state or receiving by the state or receiving aid out
of state funds on grounds only of religion , race ,
caste , language or any of them.
Article 30:Right of minorities to establish and
administer educational institutions.

19. Article 44: Uniform civil code for the citizen
Article 46:Promotion of educational and economic
interests of scheduled Castes , Scheduled Tribes and
other weaker sections.

20. THANK
YOU