This document discusses equalization and universalization of elementary education in India. It outlines the need to provide equal educational opportunities to all irrespective of social status to establish an egalitarian society and ensure social and economic development. It identifies problems that cause inequality such as poverty, gender disparity, and regional imbalances. Measures proposed to achieve equalization include free and compulsory primary education, scholarships, and policies that promote inclusion of disadvantaged groups. Challenges to achieving universal elementary education include social issues, poverty, lack of resources, and inadequate administrative policies.

1. Equalization and Universalization
of Elementary Education
 Dr. Goutam Patra
Govt. College of Education, Banipur, North 24
Paraganas, West Bengal, India

2. Concept
1.Inequality is a glaring consequence of
imbalance of educational development
and the progress of our country
2. Equalization in educational
opportunity is to be served to the
underprivileged for the improvement of
their condition

3. Educational opportunity is to be
provided to all irrespective of
caste, creed, colour and religion
Equalization and
universalization create an
egalitarian and ideal human
society
Exploitation is to be minimized

4. according to Kothari Commission-
1964-66
It is needed for-
The establishment of an egalitarian society
The success of Democracy
To ensure Social and Economic development
To identify the talent in various fields
To develop human resources
To promote Social justice
To minimize educational gap between
privileged and under privileged class

5. Problems and causes of inequality
 Distance of Educational Institutions
 Poverty
 Standards of Educational Institutions
 Home Environment
 Gender Disparity
 Disparity between Advantaged and disadvantaged
 Regional Imbalances
 Lack of National system of Education

6. MEASURES TO BE TAKEN-NPE1986
 Free , compulsory and Universal Primary and
Elementary Education
 Different Curricula for Boys and Girls at Secondary stage
 Compensatory Education to Under Privileged
 Free and Fair Admission system
 Common School system
 Uniform Educational System
 Minimizing Regional Imbalances
 Adequate Attention to Girls

7. MEASURES
 Special Education of the Handicapped
 Education of the Disadvantaged Group/Backward Classes
SCs/STs
 Free Education and Scholarship
 Residential Schools or Ashramic Schools
 Constitutional arrangement Article-29, 30, 45& 46
 Proper Monitoring
 Public Schools should be brought under the Purview of
Rules and Regulations
 Education for Women’s Equality

8. MEASURES
Education of the Minorities
Education for the Disabled
Adult Education
Scholarsip in Vocational Education
Fare admission in IITs, Medical,
Engineering, Agricultural,
Polytechnics Colleges and it is
Schloarship for Girls

9. ELEMENTARY & SECONDARY
EDUCATION
Education for all
Universal Enrolment in the age
group of 6 to 14 years
Checkout Dropout
MLL(Minimum Level of Learning)
Capacity Building Programme

10. PROBLEMS ACHIEVING
UNIVERSALIZATION
SOCIAL PROBLEMS:
 a) Apathy of Parents
 b) Conservative attitude towards co-education
 c)Over Population
 d) Early marriage
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
 Poverty of Parents
 Poor Nutrition of Children
 Poor Financial Provisions in the budget

11.  POLITICAL PROBLEMS
 Vested Interest of the politicians
 Group rivalries of local bodies
 Politicization of education
EDUCATIONAL PROBLEMS
 Low enrolment of SC, ST OBCs
 Low enrolment of Disabled
 High rate Stagnation
 Defective Curriculum
 Uninspiring teaching methods
 Lack of competent teachers

12.  Geographical problems
 Inaccessible areas
 Scattered population in hilly areas
 ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEMS
 Inequality in educational opportunity
 Lack of Women Teachers
 Lack of Effective Supervision
 Failure to enforce Compulsory education
 Lack of suitable admission policy
 Lack of suitable teaching Aids

13. MEASURES FOR
UNIVERSALIZATION
 Universalization of provision
 Universalization of Enrolment
 Universalization of Retention
 Universalization of community participation
 Universalization of Achievement through MLL For EFA
 Emphasis on joyful learning
 Inservice Training
 Child centered Approach
 Community participation to achieve NEEM

14. VIEWS OF SWAMI VIVEKANANDA
 ‘If there is any land on this earth that can lay claim to
be the blessed Punyabhumi (land of virtue)- the land
where humanity has attained its highest towards
generosity, towards purity, towards calmness, above all,
the land of introspection and of spirituality-it is India’
 Character building to solve inequality-- three things to
make every man great-every nation great
 Conviction of the powers of goodness
 Absence of jealousy and suspicion
 Helping all who are trying to be and to do good

15. Views against Untouchability
Views on Indian Womanhood- Sita
the ideal character
Women education
Faith on One self
Positive Education
National Integration