This document provides a history and overview of Xen virtualization technology. It discusses how Xen originated from university research in 1999 and was released as open source in 2004. It gained widespread adoption by 2005. The document outlines Xen's goals of being the standard open source hypervisor and maintaining performance, stability, and security. It discusses the benefits of virtualization for server consolidation, manageability, deployment, and high availability. Finally, it covers topics like paravirtualization, hardware virtualization, network and device virtualization, security, and future directions like client and mobile virtualization and cloud computing.
This document summarizes a presentation given at the Xen Summit 2008 in Tokyo about challenges in managing large virtualized environments. The presentation discussed scaling a machine pool from 10 to 1,000 physical machines and how different challenges arise at each level, including hardware compatibility and automation. It also covered different types of virtual machines for servers, desktops, and labs and how to integrate them. Finally, it provided an overview of how Google uses Ganeti to manage its virtualized infrastructure by fully automating resource management across a large cluster of machines with varying hardware over time.
This document discusses enabling NUMA support for Xen guests. It outlines the importance of NUMA awareness for performance, and describes how to construct the SRAT and SLIT tables to provide NUMA information to guests. It also covers guest NUMA configuration options like memory allocation strategies and considerations for live migration. The current status includes upstream host NUMA APIs and planned rebasing of patches, with next steps involving further performance analysis and supporting I/O and live migration across NUMA nodes.
Kemari is a virtual machine synchronization technique that allows fault tolerance by keeping a primary and secondary VM identical. It uses DomT, a para-virtualized domain, to efficiently synchronize state between VMs by tapping event channels and only transferring updated memory pages. Evaluation shows the secondary VM can continue transparently and with acceptable performance during network, storage and file I/O workloads when the primary hardware fails.
This document discusses VM snapshots, which allow capturing a consistent view of a virtual machine without pausing it. Snapshots are created using copy-on-write frames, where only frames that are dirtied after the snapshot are copied. This provides a lightweight mechanism for various purposes like VM introspection, checkpointing, rollback, and forking VMs. The implementation marks memory read-only and catches write faults to log dirty frames. Additional details are provided on the architecture using a library, FUSE driver, and kernel driver to take snapshots and access snapshot memory. Challenges around write-after-read, catching all writes, and buffer space are also covered.
This document summarizes research into detecting and correcting transient hardware errors. The researchers created lockstep virtual machines that execute identical workloads and compare outputs to detect errors. If outputs mismatch, the VMs replay from the last checkpoint. Checkpoints are taken periodically and compared; if unequal, one VM replays from the previous checkpoint. Initial tests showed small performance overhead from the lockstep execution and input/output checking. Future work involves implementing checkpoint/replay and improving performance and scalability.
This document provides information about the Xen Summit event at Oracle from February 24-25, 2009. It summarizes that there were over 100 attendees from 8+ countries and 36+ companies. The event included presentations on topics like Xen roadmaps and releases, memory management techniques in Xen, network performance, security features, and power management. It also provides the agenda for the two day event listing the presentation topics.
Linux Foundation Collaboration Summit 13 :10 years of Xen and BeyondThe Linux Foundation
In 2013, the Xen Hypervisor will be 10 years old: when Xen was designed, we anticipated a world, which now is known as cloud computing. Today, Xen powers the largest clouds in production and is the basis for several commercial virtualization products. In this talk we will give on overview of Xen and related projects, cover hot developments in the Xen community and outline what comes next.
The talk is intended for users and developers that are familiar with virtualization: no deep knowledge is required. We will start with an architectural overview and cover topics such as: Xen and Linux, how to secure your cloud using disaggregation, SELinux and XSM/FLASK, the evolution of Paravirtualization, Xen on ARM and common challenges for open source hypervisors. We will explore the potential of Open Mirage for testing hypervisors. The talk will conclude with an outlook to the future of Xen.
This document discusses moving backend drivers from the Dom0 domain to a separate HVM driver domain in Xen. Testing showed the HVM driver domain provided better network performance than the PV backend domain, with lower CPU utilization. Issues were discussed around booting the system without physical device drivers in Dom0, requiring the HVM driver domain to run devices and provide networking/storage. Further analysis of EPT page flipping performance was suggested.
This document summarizes a presentation given at the Xen Summit 2008 in Tokyo about challenges in managing large virtualized environments. The presentation discussed scaling a machine pool from 10 to 1,000 physical machines and how different challenges arise at each level, including hardware compatibility and automation. It also covered different types of virtual machines for servers, desktops, and labs and how to integrate them. Finally, it provided an overview of how Google uses Ganeti to manage its virtualized infrastructure by fully automating resource management across a large cluster of machines with varying hardware over time.
This document discusses enabling NUMA support for Xen guests. It outlines the importance of NUMA awareness for performance, and describes how to construct the SRAT and SLIT tables to provide NUMA information to guests. It also covers guest NUMA configuration options like memory allocation strategies and considerations for live migration. The current status includes upstream host NUMA APIs and planned rebasing of patches, with next steps involving further performance analysis and supporting I/O and live migration across NUMA nodes.
Kemari is a virtual machine synchronization technique that allows fault tolerance by keeping a primary and secondary VM identical. It uses DomT, a para-virtualized domain, to efficiently synchronize state between VMs by tapping event channels and only transferring updated memory pages. Evaluation shows the secondary VM can continue transparently and with acceptable performance during network, storage and file I/O workloads when the primary hardware fails.
This document discusses VM snapshots, which allow capturing a consistent view of a virtual machine without pausing it. Snapshots are created using copy-on-write frames, where only frames that are dirtied after the snapshot are copied. This provides a lightweight mechanism for various purposes like VM introspection, checkpointing, rollback, and forking VMs. The implementation marks memory read-only and catches write faults to log dirty frames. Additional details are provided on the architecture using a library, FUSE driver, and kernel driver to take snapshots and access snapshot memory. Challenges around write-after-read, catching all writes, and buffer space are also covered.
This document summarizes research into detecting and correcting transient hardware errors. The researchers created lockstep virtual machines that execute identical workloads and compare outputs to detect errors. If outputs mismatch, the VMs replay from the last checkpoint. Checkpoints are taken periodically and compared; if unequal, one VM replays from the previous checkpoint. Initial tests showed small performance overhead from the lockstep execution and input/output checking. Future work involves implementing checkpoint/replay and improving performance and scalability.
This document provides information about the Xen Summit event at Oracle from February 24-25, 2009. It summarizes that there were over 100 attendees from 8+ countries and 36+ companies. The event included presentations on topics like Xen roadmaps and releases, memory management techniques in Xen, network performance, security features, and power management. It also provides the agenda for the two day event listing the presentation topics.
Linux Foundation Collaboration Summit 13 :10 years of Xen and BeyondThe Linux Foundation
In 2013, the Xen Hypervisor will be 10 years old: when Xen was designed, we anticipated a world, which now is known as cloud computing. Today, Xen powers the largest clouds in production and is the basis for several commercial virtualization products. In this talk we will give on overview of Xen and related projects, cover hot developments in the Xen community and outline what comes next.
The talk is intended for users and developers that are familiar with virtualization: no deep knowledge is required. We will start with an architectural overview and cover topics such as: Xen and Linux, how to secure your cloud using disaggregation, SELinux and XSM/FLASK, the evolution of Paravirtualization, Xen on ARM and common challenges for open source hypervisors. We will explore the potential of Open Mirage for testing hypervisors. The talk will conclude with an outlook to the future of Xen.
This document discusses moving backend drivers from the Dom0 domain to a separate HVM driver domain in Xen. Testing showed the HVM driver domain provided better network performance than the PV backend domain, with lower CPU utilization. Issues were discussed around booting the system without physical device drivers in Dom0, requiring the HVM driver domain to run devices and provide networking/storage. Further analysis of EPT page flipping performance was suggested.
This document summarizes a Xen Summit that took place in Boston in 2008. It provides details on:
- The 160+ attendees from 12 countries and 14 universities
- The agenda which included talks on applications of Xen, virtualization techniques, and performance optimizations
- Social events like a lunch and evening party for attendees
- Logistical information for attendees on the wireless network, breakout rooms, and getting event t-shirts and USB drives
- The Xen project status and roadmap with details on recent and upcoming releases
This document describes SIOEMU, a self-IO emulation technique that allows non-x86 operating systems like OpenVMS to run on Xen/ia64 virtual machines. It does so by having a firmware within the domain handle all IO emulation instead of relying on Qemu in the control domain. This makes the domains more flexible and improves performance by avoiding domain scheduling for IO operations. The firmware emulates devices like IDE and network interfaces to provide full system emulation. Initial results show it can run Linux and OpenVMS domains, but ongoing work is needed to support SMP, save/restore, and add support for devices like VGA.
This document discusses the history and development of the Xen hypervisor project. It provides an overview of how paravirtualization and hardware-assisted virtualization have improved performance. It also examines how virtualization benefits security through policy enforcement and workload isolation. Network and memory management virtualization techniques are described that improve performance for virtual machines.
The document discusses the history and capabilities of the Xen virtualization platform. It outlines how Xen has been adopted by many organizations and embedded in various hardware platforms. The document also explores how virtualization enables benefits like server consolidation, manageability, security and unlocking new hardware features. It discusses how Xen is powering large-scale cloud computing platforms and envisions virtualization becoming ubiquitous across all devices.
1) The document discusses several services that have been developed in the virtualization plane, including Remus for transparent high availability, Parallax for virtual storage, and Tralfamadore for enhancing and understanding systems.
2) Tralfamadore continuously logs system execution over long periods, re-executes slices to generate indexes, and allows querying the history to search for specific events or states.
3) These services demonstrate how the virtualization plane provides opportunities to build low-level extensions that can improve areas like availability, storage, and debugging of software.
This document discusses IBM's proposal for an open-source library and tools to support the Open Virtualization Format (OVF) standard. It aims to provide complete support for creating, using, and maintaining OVF appliances. This will help establish OVF as the de-facto standard toolkit for working with virtual appliances and enable widespread adoption of OVF. Key areas of focus include providing primitive OVF support, adding environment support to allow appliances to be portable across hypervisors, and implementing guest and workload enlightenment. The project plans to use Python for initial development with the ability to optimize performance-critical components in C later on.
The document summarizes the status of upstreaming Xen into the Linux kernel. Xen domain (domU) support has been stable for over a year in several distributions like Fedora and Debian. Work is ongoing to upstream dom0 support, which involves integrating features like APIC, ACPI, device mappings, and DMA/SWIOTLB handling. Performance optimizations have reduced paravirtualization overhead to 1-2%. Most core patches have been posted for review and the goal is to have core dom0 support merged for 2.6.30. Remaining work items include host suspend/resume and wider hardware testing.
This document summarizes a presentation on the Trusted Virtual Machine Infrastructure (TVMI) project. The project aims to develop a mechanism for uniquely identifying and authenticating virtual machines using virtual Trusted Platform Modules (vTPMs). This would allow virtual machines to be assigned strong cryptographic identities, enhancing security and manageability in environments that require tracking of information flow, such as virtual community networks.
The document discusses Xen, an open source hypervisor project. It provides a brief history of Xen starting in 2002. It describes Xen's key features including support for hardware virtualization, high performance, and security. The mission of the Xen Project is to establish the hypervisor as the industry standard and maintain performance and stability while supporting a wide range of systems. An advisory board oversees the project and community.
Xen Project is an open source hypervisor that was started in 2002 and has since become the standard used in many large virtualization deployments. It supports x86, IA64 and ARM architectures and has over 50 company and 20 university contributors. Xen allows for improved security, availability, reliability and efficient use of resources. It is used widely in cloud, enterprise and embedded applications. Future projects focus on areas like fault tolerance, client virtualization and cloud services.
This document discusses best practices for deploying Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V and System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008. It provides an overview of Hyper-V functionality and deployment strategies. It also covers Virtual Machine Manager architecture, requirements, installation, host and cluster configuration, delegation, and Performance and Resource Optimization capabilities.
Sang-bum Suh will give a talk on the current status and the future direction of Xen ARM. Xen ARM is the first ARM virtualization S/W based on Xen Architecture.
The document discusses two novel applications of the Xen virtualization platform: CYDEST, a virtual training environment for cyber defense, and EXAMIN, a malware testing environment. CYDEST allows trainees to interact with multiple virtual machines through a web-based management interface and automated assessment. EXAMIN aims to provide a testing platform for analyzing malware through a virtual network of Linux and Windows machines that can be configured and monitored. Both projects utilize Xen's virtualization capabilities while seeking to address challenges around guest isolation, documentation of changing APIs, and management interfaces.
Advanced performance troubleshooting using esxtopAlan Renouf
This document discusses using esxtop and resxtop tools to troubleshoot performance issues on VMware ESXi hosts. It provides 10 key things to know about esxtop counters and how they work. It then gives examples of using esxtop to troubleshoot common problems like CPU contention, memory issues, network throughput problems, and disk I/O latency. It also lists some other diagnostic tools that can be used along with esxtop.
This document discusses enhancing application security within virtual machines. It proposes controlling system calls from outside of target VMs to confine application behaviors. It also proposes controlling memory and file operations related to target applications using a virtual machine monitor and control VM to prevent non-target programs from leaking or tampering with target application data. The goal is to bridge the semantic gap between what a VMM can observe at the hardware level and what security systems require at the application level to enforce security policies.
Citrix leverages the open source Xen hypervisor as the core virtualization engine for its XenServer product. While XenServer and open source Xen share the Xen hypervisor, XenServer offers additional tested and polished features designed for production use. XenServer is easier to use than open source Xen due to rigorous testing, optimization, and the inclusion of 75% proprietary code. XenServer provides an enterprise-grade virtualization platform with high availability, disaster recovery, workload visibility, and dynamic provisioning capabilities.
The needs for immediate responsiveness of VMs in the virtualized environments have been on the rise. Several services in SKT also require soft realtime support for virtual machines to substitute the physical machines to achieve high utilization and adaptability. However, consolidated multiple OSes and irregular external events might render the hypervisor infringe on a VM's promptitude. As a solution of this problem, we are improving Xen's credit scheduler by introducing the RT_PRIORITY that guarantees a VM's running at any given point in time as long as credits remains to be burn. It would increase the quality of service and make a VM's behavior predictable on the consolidated environment. In addition, we extend our suggestion to the multi-core environment and even a large number of physical machines by using live migrations.
XenClient allows for easy and secure deployment of single virtual desktop images on hardware. It uses a Type 1 hypervisor and Xen technology to run multiple virtual desktops simultaneously in isolated virtual machines (VMs) on a hardware device. A service VM architecture provides shared or unique functionality to local VM desktops through additional service VMs. The Citrix Receiver service VM allows for simple creation and switching between local VMs, while the Synchronizer service VM enables centralized synchronization and delivery of virtual desktops from a master image. The VM lifecycle manages authoring master images, assigning images to users, self-service VM deployment, updating VMs, and backing up user data.
This document summarizes a presentation on transcendent memory (tmem) on the Xen virtual machine monitor. Tmem aims to more efficiently manage physical memory across virtual machines by collecting unused and wasted guest memory into a shared pool. The presentation provides background on challenges with memory management in operating systems and virtual machines. It gives an overview of tmem, including different subpool types and recent progress integrating it with Linux guests. Performance results are shown comparing self-ballooning alone versus using tmem with and without deduplication and compression enabled.
This document summarizes a Xen Summit that took place in Boston in 2008. It provides details on:
- The 160+ attendees from 12 countries and 14 universities
- The agenda which included talks on applications of Xen, virtualization techniques, and performance optimizations
- Social events like a lunch and evening party for attendees
- Logistical information for attendees on the wireless network, breakout rooms, and getting event t-shirts and USB drives
- The Xen project status and roadmap with details on recent and upcoming releases
This document describes SIOEMU, a self-IO emulation technique that allows non-x86 operating systems like OpenVMS to run on Xen/ia64 virtual machines. It does so by having a firmware within the domain handle all IO emulation instead of relying on Qemu in the control domain. This makes the domains more flexible and improves performance by avoiding domain scheduling for IO operations. The firmware emulates devices like IDE and network interfaces to provide full system emulation. Initial results show it can run Linux and OpenVMS domains, but ongoing work is needed to support SMP, save/restore, and add support for devices like VGA.
This document discusses the history and development of the Xen hypervisor project. It provides an overview of how paravirtualization and hardware-assisted virtualization have improved performance. It also examines how virtualization benefits security through policy enforcement and workload isolation. Network and memory management virtualization techniques are described that improve performance for virtual machines.
The document discusses the history and capabilities of the Xen virtualization platform. It outlines how Xen has been adopted by many organizations and embedded in various hardware platforms. The document also explores how virtualization enables benefits like server consolidation, manageability, security and unlocking new hardware features. It discusses how Xen is powering large-scale cloud computing platforms and envisions virtualization becoming ubiquitous across all devices.
1) The document discusses several services that have been developed in the virtualization plane, including Remus for transparent high availability, Parallax for virtual storage, and Tralfamadore for enhancing and understanding systems.
2) Tralfamadore continuously logs system execution over long periods, re-executes slices to generate indexes, and allows querying the history to search for specific events or states.
3) These services demonstrate how the virtualization plane provides opportunities to build low-level extensions that can improve areas like availability, storage, and debugging of software.
This document discusses IBM's proposal for an open-source library and tools to support the Open Virtualization Format (OVF) standard. It aims to provide complete support for creating, using, and maintaining OVF appliances. This will help establish OVF as the de-facto standard toolkit for working with virtual appliances and enable widespread adoption of OVF. Key areas of focus include providing primitive OVF support, adding environment support to allow appliances to be portable across hypervisors, and implementing guest and workload enlightenment. The project plans to use Python for initial development with the ability to optimize performance-critical components in C later on.
The document summarizes the status of upstreaming Xen into the Linux kernel. Xen domain (domU) support has been stable for over a year in several distributions like Fedora and Debian. Work is ongoing to upstream dom0 support, which involves integrating features like APIC, ACPI, device mappings, and DMA/SWIOTLB handling. Performance optimizations have reduced paravirtualization overhead to 1-2%. Most core patches have been posted for review and the goal is to have core dom0 support merged for 2.6.30. Remaining work items include host suspend/resume and wider hardware testing.
This document summarizes a presentation on the Trusted Virtual Machine Infrastructure (TVMI) project. The project aims to develop a mechanism for uniquely identifying and authenticating virtual machines using virtual Trusted Platform Modules (vTPMs). This would allow virtual machines to be assigned strong cryptographic identities, enhancing security and manageability in environments that require tracking of information flow, such as virtual community networks.
The document discusses Xen, an open source hypervisor project. It provides a brief history of Xen starting in 2002. It describes Xen's key features including support for hardware virtualization, high performance, and security. The mission of the Xen Project is to establish the hypervisor as the industry standard and maintain performance and stability while supporting a wide range of systems. An advisory board oversees the project and community.
Xen Project is an open source hypervisor that was started in 2002 and has since become the standard used in many large virtualization deployments. It supports x86, IA64 and ARM architectures and has over 50 company and 20 university contributors. Xen allows for improved security, availability, reliability and efficient use of resources. It is used widely in cloud, enterprise and embedded applications. Future projects focus on areas like fault tolerance, client virtualization and cloud services.
This document discusses best practices for deploying Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V and System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008. It provides an overview of Hyper-V functionality and deployment strategies. It also covers Virtual Machine Manager architecture, requirements, installation, host and cluster configuration, delegation, and Performance and Resource Optimization capabilities.
Sang-bum Suh will give a talk on the current status and the future direction of Xen ARM. Xen ARM is the first ARM virtualization S/W based on Xen Architecture.
The document discusses two novel applications of the Xen virtualization platform: CYDEST, a virtual training environment for cyber defense, and EXAMIN, a malware testing environment. CYDEST allows trainees to interact with multiple virtual machines through a web-based management interface and automated assessment. EXAMIN aims to provide a testing platform for analyzing malware through a virtual network of Linux and Windows machines that can be configured and monitored. Both projects utilize Xen's virtualization capabilities while seeking to address challenges around guest isolation, documentation of changing APIs, and management interfaces.
Advanced performance troubleshooting using esxtopAlan Renouf
This document discusses using esxtop and resxtop tools to troubleshoot performance issues on VMware ESXi hosts. It provides 10 key things to know about esxtop counters and how they work. It then gives examples of using esxtop to troubleshoot common problems like CPU contention, memory issues, network throughput problems, and disk I/O latency. It also lists some other diagnostic tools that can be used along with esxtop.
This document discusses enhancing application security within virtual machines. It proposes controlling system calls from outside of target VMs to confine application behaviors. It also proposes controlling memory and file operations related to target applications using a virtual machine monitor and control VM to prevent non-target programs from leaking or tampering with target application data. The goal is to bridge the semantic gap between what a VMM can observe at the hardware level and what security systems require at the application level to enforce security policies.
Citrix leverages the open source Xen hypervisor as the core virtualization engine for its XenServer product. While XenServer and open source Xen share the Xen hypervisor, XenServer offers additional tested and polished features designed for production use. XenServer is easier to use than open source Xen due to rigorous testing, optimization, and the inclusion of 75% proprietary code. XenServer provides an enterprise-grade virtualization platform with high availability, disaster recovery, workload visibility, and dynamic provisioning capabilities.
The needs for immediate responsiveness of VMs in the virtualized environments have been on the rise. Several services in SKT also require soft realtime support for virtual machines to substitute the physical machines to achieve high utilization and adaptability. However, consolidated multiple OSes and irregular external events might render the hypervisor infringe on a VM's promptitude. As a solution of this problem, we are improving Xen's credit scheduler by introducing the RT_PRIORITY that guarantees a VM's running at any given point in time as long as credits remains to be burn. It would increase the quality of service and make a VM's behavior predictable on the consolidated environment. In addition, we extend our suggestion to the multi-core environment and even a large number of physical machines by using live migrations.
XenClient allows for easy and secure deployment of single virtual desktop images on hardware. It uses a Type 1 hypervisor and Xen technology to run multiple virtual desktops simultaneously in isolated virtual machines (VMs) on a hardware device. A service VM architecture provides shared or unique functionality to local VM desktops through additional service VMs. The Citrix Receiver service VM allows for simple creation and switching between local VMs, while the Synchronizer service VM enables centralized synchronization and delivery of virtual desktops from a master image. The VM lifecycle manages authoring master images, assigning images to users, self-service VM deployment, updating VMs, and backing up user data.
This document summarizes a presentation on transcendent memory (tmem) on the Xen virtual machine monitor. Tmem aims to more efficiently manage physical memory across virtual machines by collecting unused and wasted guest memory into a shared pool. The presentation provides background on challenges with memory management in operating systems and virtual machines. It gives an overview of tmem, including different subpool types and recent progress integrating it with Linux guests. Performance results are shown comparing self-ballooning alone versus using tmem with and without deduplication and compression enabled.
OWF: Xen Project - Moving a commercial open source project to an open source ...The Linux Foundation
In April this year, Xen became a Linux Foundation Collaborative Project. 6 months later it is time to take stock. I will start with a brief introduction of the Xen Project, explain the key challenges the project had under Citrix' stewardship, explain why Xen moved to the Linux Foundation, explore the challenges and considerations when choosing an open source foundation and explore the impact on the Xen community to date. The talk will centre around the core question of whether open source foundations provide a better collaboration platform for open source projects than corporate stewardship. The answer - at least for the Xen project - is clearly yes. However, following this route has its own challenges, trade-offs and risks.
Traditionally Linux has always run on Xen either as a pure PV guest or as a virtualization unaware guest in an HVM domain. Recently, under the name of "PV on HVM", a series of works has been done to make Linux aware that is running on Xen and enable as many PV interfaces as possible even when running in an HVM container. After enabling the basic PV network and disk drivers, some other more interesting optimizations were implemented: in particular remapping legacy interrupts and MSIs onto event channels. This talk will explain the idea behind the feature, the reason why avoiding interactions with the lapic is a good, and some implementation details.
In this talk, John will explore the technology and architecture introduced in the ARM Cortex-A15 processor in support of virtualization. This is the first of multiple processors from ARM that will support true virtualization, and the ability to host existing operating systems binaries without modification. The hardware extensions were defined following careful analysis to address the key virtualization performance limitations of today's solutions while bringing new technologies to the device to better support a virtualized system.
The document discusses the goals and roadmap of the Xen Project, an open source hypervisor. The Xen Project aims to build the industry standard hypervisor, maintain high performance, and support multiple CPU types from servers to clients to mobile phones. Virtualization provides benefits like server consolidation and increased manageability. Hardware advances like VT-x/AMD-V further reduce overhead allowing near-zero overhead virtualization. The roadmap includes improvements to security, scalability, client/mobile support, and research into areas like VM streaming and hardware fault tolerance.
Virtual Insight focuses on maximizing the value of IT infrastructure through virtualization technology. It works with business leaders to turn existing IT assets into greater business values by empowering adoption of server, storage, and desktop virtualization through consulting and professional services. Virtual Insight's experts have extensive industry experience and can provide solutions to optimize productivity and return on IT investments.
This document summarizes the history and development of the Xen virtualization project. It discusses how Xen addressed the issues with server sprawl and lack of isolation in early operating systems. It describes the benefits of server consolidation and manageability that virtualization provided. It also outlines the different approaches Xen took to virtualizing memory management and network interfaces to improve performance.
Virtualization was initially developed in the 1960s to improve usage of mainframe computers. It fell out of favor but was later successfully adapted by VMware in the 1990s to allow standard software to run on a multiprocessor system using middleware. VMware was founded in 1999 and released its first desktop and server products that year. VMware software provides virtual hardware that allows guest operating systems to run independently and be easily migrated between physical hosts. This allows for improved server consolidation and management in enterprises. Welch's Foods saw significant cost savings and efficiency gains through virtualizing over 80 servers on VMware infrastructure.
The document discusses the history and usage of virtualization technology, provides an overview of CPU, memory, and I/O virtualization, compares the Xen and KVM virtualization architectures, and describes some Intel work to support virtualization in OpenStack including the Open Attestation service.
Virtual Insight is a professional services firm focused on virtualization technologies like server, storage, and desktop virtualization. It works with business leaders to optimize existing IT infrastructure and turn it into business assets. Virtual Insight has experts with 15+ years experience in enterprise technologies who can help clients increase productivity, flexibility, and returns from their IT investments through virtualization assessments and implementations.
This document discusses cloud computing and virtualization techniques. It begins by defining cloud computing and its benefits like scalability and pay-as-you-go models. It then discusses virtualization, specifically how virtual machines (VMs) allow multiple guest operating systems to run simultaneously on a single physical host. The document outlines requirements for virtualization like intercepting privileged instructions. It also describes different VM implementation techniques like binary translation, paravirtualization, and hardware-assisted virtualization. Finally, it provides details on the Xen virtualization platform and how it implements CPU, memory, and I/O sharing across VMs.
Virtualizing endpoints allows organizations to address challenges like performance, security, agility and flexibility by running applications and personas in software-defined "virtual appliances" on a type 1 hypervisor. This contains functionality, provides predictable security, and allows optimized management while delivering a high-definition user experience. It creates new opportunities for ISVs, OEMs, and service providers to deliver solutions, improve value, and offer enhanced software and IT services.
Virtualization and how it leads to cloudHuzefa Husain
What exactly is virtualization?
Types of virtualization
Current trend in virtualization
How virtualization leads to Cloud Computing?
Cloud Computing Stack
Linux Everywhere? Matching the Workload to the ComputerRobert Sutor
It's a testament to the wild success of Linux that it is showing up on devices from wristwatches, to mobile phones, to netbooks, to desktops, to RISC-based computers, and to mainframes, not to mention being the foundation of much of cloud computing today. That said, are users really matching the work they need to do on Linux to the appropriate software, processors and machines? Backed by customer examples, this talk will discuss the high level criteria that you can use to help ensure that your Linux implementation optimally runs your business and helps delight your customers.
This document discusses profiling and modeling the resource usage of virtualized applications. It describes how virtualization introduces overhead and affects consolidation of multiple virtual machines (VMs) on one host. An approach is presented to build automated regression models to predict the CPU and I/O requirements of applications running virtually based on measurements of their resource usage when running natively. Benchmarking is used to gather traces of various applications that are then used to train models and evaluate their accuracy in estimating resource needs for different virtualization platforms and hardware.
Virtualization provides advantages like managed execution, isolation, resource partitioning and portability. However, it can also lead to performance degradation, inefficiency, and new security threats. Virtualization technologies like Xen, VMware and Hyper-V use approaches like paravirtualization and full virtualization to virtualize hardware and provide isolated execution environments while managing the tradeoffs between performance, functionality and security.
Joe Honan discusses virtualization at the February 2009 1Velocity Breakfast Seminar on Business Continuity.
Virtualization reduces hardware, power, and maintenance requirements, but that's just the tip of the iceberg. Learn how virtualization can also increase availability, speed deployment, and improve disaster recovery.
Virtual Insight is a professional services firm focused on virtualization technologies like server, storage, and desktop virtualization. It works with business leaders to optimize their existing IT infrastructure and turn it into valuable business assets. Virtual Insight has experts with 15+ years experience who can help clients plan, select, design, and implement virtualization solutions. Their services include assessing a client's IT environment, identifying optimization opportunities, and creating a roadmap to achieve goals like increased productivity and flexibility through virtualization.
VMware Workstation 6.0 is a groundbreaking new release of VMware's virtualization software for desktops and laptops. It offers the broadest OS support, best virtual machine architecture, and richest desktop experience. VMware Workstation has been the industry gold standard since 1999 and has over 1 million registered users. It provides benefits for IT administrators, software developers and testers, and others through virtualization use cases.
Virtualization is the ability to run virtual machines on top of a hypervisor.
Virtualization is an emerging IT paradigm that separates computing functions and technology implementations from physical hardware.
Cloud computing, for example, is the virtualization of computer programs through an internet connection rather than installing applications on every office computer.
This document discusses various types of virtualization technologies. It begins by describing characteristics of virtualized environments such as sharing, aggregation, emulation, and isolation. It then discusses different virtualization techniques including hardware-assisted virtualization, full virtualization, paravirtualization, operating system-level virtualization, programming language-level virtualization, and application-level virtualization. For each technique, it provides examples and discusses advantages and performance implications. It also includes diagrams illustrating the virtualization reference model and taxonomy of virtualization techniques.
The document discusses best practices for deploying Java applications in virtualized environments. It defines virtualization and describes types of virtualization including native and hypervisor virtualization. Benefits of virtualization include lower costs and easier administration, while potential disadvantages are reduced performance and specialized skills required. The document outlines how AMD technology can accelerate virtualization and discusses virtualizing the full Java application stack. It provides guidance on virtualization performance, resource allocation, bottlenecks, and consolidation.
BitVisor is a security-focused virtual machine monitor (VMM) developed in Japan with the goals of encrypting storage and networks and using smart cards for authentication and key management. It uses a para-virtualization approach where most device I/O is passed through directly to the guest operating system, unlike Xen which uses full virtualization and device emulation. This makes BitVisor's VMM smaller and lower overhead than Xen. Experimental results showed BitVisor running Windows and Linux guests with encryption of storage and networking.
Static partitioning is used to split an embedded system into multiple domains, each of them having access only to a portion of the hardware on the SoC. It is key to enable mixed-criticality scenarios, where a critical application, often based on a small RTOS, runs alongside a larger non-critical app, typically based on Linux. The two domains cannot interfere with each other.
This talk will explain how to use Xen for static partitioning. It will introduce dom0-less, a new Xen feature written for the purpose. Dom0-less allows multiple VMs to start at boot time directly from the Xen hypervisor, decreasing boot times drastically. It makes it very easy to partition the system without virtualization overhead. Dom0 becomes unnecessary.
This presentation will go into details on how to setup a Xen dom0-less system. It will show configuration examples and explain device assignment. The talk will discuss its implications for latency-sensitive and safety-critical environments.
XPDDS19: How TrenchBoot is Enabling Measured Launch for Open-Source Platform ...The Linux Foundation
Daniel Smith discusses TrenchBoot, a project aiming to establish a unified approach to harnessing boot integrity technologies across open source platforms. TrenchBoot will enable establishing hardware-rooted integrity during platform boot (first launch inspection), runtime (runtime inspection), and other states. For runtime inspection, TrenchBoot will develop a way to securely re-establish the integrity of Xen at any time without rebooting by dynamically launching an integrity kernel to inspect and verify Xen. The talk outlines the initial and future work of TrenchBoot to integrate these capabilities with Linux, Xen and other open source projects.
XPDDS19 Keynote: Xen in Automotive - Artem Mygaiev, Director, Technology Solu...The Linux Foundation
Artem will briefly cover what has been done since the first talk on Xen in Automotive domain back in 2013, what is going on now and what is still missing for broad adaptation of Xen in vehicles. The following topics will be covered:
Embedded/automotive features of Xen
Collaboration with AGL and GENIVI organizations for standardization
Efforts on Functional Safety compliance
Artem will also go over typical automotive use scenarios for Xen which may not be the same as generic computing use of hypervisor.
XPDDS19 Keynote: Xen Project Weather Report 2019 - Lars Kurth, Director of Op...The Linux Foundation
In this keynote talk, we will give an overview of the state of the Xen Project, trends that impact the project, see whether challenges that surfaced last year have been addressed and how we did it, and highlight new challenges and solutions for the coming year.
In recent years unikernels have shown immense performance potential (e.g., boot times of only a few ms, image sizes of only hundreds of KBs).The fundamental drawback of unikernels is that they require that applications be manually ported to the underlying minimalistic OS, needing both expert work and often considerable amount of time.
The Unikraft project provides a unikernel code base and build system that significantly simplifies the building of unikernels. In addition to support for a number CPU architectures, languages and frameworks, Unikraft provides debugging and tracing features that are generally sorely missing from unikernel projects. In this talk we will talk about these features, show a set of preliminary performance numbers, and provide a roadmap for the project's future.
XPDDS19 Keynote: Secret-free Hypervisor: Now and Future - Wei Liu, Software E...The Linux Foundation
The idea of making Xen secret-free has been floating since Spectre and Meltdown came into light. In this talk we will discuss what is being done and what needs to be done next.
XPDDS19 Keynote: Xen Dom0-less - Stefano Stabellini, Principal Engineer, XilinxThe Linux Foundation
This talk will introduce Dom0-less: a new way of using Xen to build mixed-criticality solutions. Dom0-less is a Xen feature that adds a novel approach to static partitioning based on virtualization. It allows multiple domains to start at boot time directly from the Xen hypervisor, decreasing boot times dramatically. Xen userspace tools, such as xl and libvirt, become optional.
Dom0-less extends the existing device tree based Xen boot protocol to cover information required by additional domains. Binaries, such as kernels and ramdisks, are loaded by the bootloader (u-boot) and advertised to Xen via new device tree bindings.
The audience will learn how to use Dom0-less to partition the system. Uboot and device tree configuration details will be explained to enable the audience to get the most out of this feature. The talk will include a status update and details on future plans.
XPDDS19 Keynote: Patch Review for Non-maintainers - George Dunlap, Citrix Sys...The Linux Foundation
As the number of contributions grow, reviewer bandwidth becomes a bottleneck; and maintainers are always asking for more help. However, ultimately maintainers must at least Ack every patch that goes in; so if you're not a maintainer, how can you contribute? Why should anyone care about your opinion?
This talk will try to lay out some advice and guidelines for non-maintainers, for how they can do code review in a way which will effectively reduce the load on maintainers when they do come to review a patch.
This talk is a follow-up to our Summit 2017 presentation in which we covered our plans for Intel VMFUNC and #VE, as well as related use-cases. This year, we will provide a report on what we have accomplished in Xen 4.12, and what remains to be addressed. We will also give a brief status update of VMI on AMD hardware. The session will end with some real-world numbers of the Hypervisor Introspection solution running on Citrix Hypervisor 8.0 with #VE enabled.
OSSJP/ALS19: The Road to Safety Certification: Overcoming Community Challeng...The Linux Foundation
Safety certification is one of the essential requirements for software to be used in highly regulated industries. Besides technical and compliance issues (such as ISO 26262 vs IEC 611508) transitioning an existing project to become more easily safety certifiable requires significant changes to development practices within an open source project.
In this session, we will lay out some challenges of making safety certification achievable in open source and the Xen Project. We will outline the process the Xen Project has followed thus far and highlight lessons learned along the way. The talk will primarily focus on necessary process, tooling changes and community challenges that can prevent progress. We will be offering an in-depth review of how Xen Project is approaching this challenging goal and try to derive lessons for other projects and contributors.
OSSJP/ALS19: The Road to Safety Certification: How the Xen Project is Making...The Linux Foundation
This document summarizes a discussion around enabling functional safety certification for the Xen open source hypervisor project. Key points discussed include:
- Establishing a split development model with open and closed parts to balance community needs and safety requirements.
- Developing reference implementations and stacks supported by multiple vendors to demonstrate safety certification feasibility.
- Creating plans and processes around requirements, documentation, verification testing, and tooling integration to begin filling gaps for certification.
- Addressing challenges around funding, resources, expertise, and maintaining contributions to ensure any initial work is sustainable long-term.
- Taking an iterative, agile approach to make early progress while further securing necessary funding and support from interested parties.
XPDDS19: Speculative Sidechannels and Mitigations - Andrew Cooper, CitrixThe Linux Foundation
2018 saw fundamental shifts in security boundaries which were previously taken for granted. A lot of work has been done in the past 2 years, and largely in secret under embargo, but there is plenty more work to be done to strengthen the existing mitigations and to try to recover some performance without reopening security holes.
This talk will look at speculative execution sidechannels, the work which has already been done to mitigate the security holes, and future work which hopes to bring some improvements.
XPDDS19: Keeping Coherency on Arm: Reborn - Julien Grall, Arm ltdThe Linux Foundation
The Arm architecture provides a set of guidelines that any software should abide by when accessing the memory with MMU off and update page-tables. Failing to do so may result in getting TLB conflicts or breaking coherency.
In a previous talk ("Keeping coherency on Arm"), we focused on updating safely the stage-2 (aka P2M) page-tables. This talk will focus on the boot code and Xen memory management.
During this session, we will introduce some of the guidelines and when they should be used. We will also discuss how Xen boot sequence needs to be reworked to avoid breaking the guidelines.
XPDDS19: QEMU PV Backend 'qdevification'... What Does it Mean? - Paul Durrant...The Linux Foundation
For many years the QEMU codebase has contained PV backends for Xen guests, giving them paravirtual access to storage, network, keyboard, mouse, etc. however these backends have not been configurable as QEMU devices as their implementation did not fully adhere to the QEMU Object Model (QOM).
Particularly the PV storage backend not using proper QOM devices, or qdevs, meant that the QEMU block layer needed to maintain legacy code that was cluttering up the source. This was causing push-back from the maintainers who did not want to accept any patches relating to that Xen backend until it was 'qdevified'.
In this talk, I'll explain the modifications I made to QEMU to achieve 'qdevification' of the PV storage backend, how compatibility with the libxl toolstack was maintained, and what the next steps in both QEMU and libxl development should be.
XPDDS19: Status of PCI Emulation in Xen - Roger Pau Monné, Citrix Systems R&DThe Linux Foundation
PCI is a local computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer, and is the main peripheral bus on modern x86 systems. As such, having a proper way to emulate it is crucial for Xen to be able to expose both fully emulated devices or passthrough devices to guests.
This talk will focus on the current status of PCI emulation in Xen, how and where it is used, what are its main limitations and future plans to improve it in order to be more robust and modular.
XPDDS19: [ARM] OP-TEE Mediator in Xen - Volodymyr Babchuk, EPAM SystemsThe Linux Foundation
Volodymyr will speak about TEE mediators. This is a new feature in Xen which allows multiple virtual machines to interact with Trusted Execution Environment available on platform. He developed mediator for one of TEEs, namely OP-TEE.
He will give background information on why TEE is needed at all and share some implementation details.
XPDDS19: Bringing Xen to the Masses: The Story of Building a Community-driven...The Linux Foundation
Xen is a very powerful hypervisor with a talented and diverse developers community. Despite the fact it's almost everywhere (from the Cloud to the embedded world), it can be difficult to set up and manage as a system administrator. General purpose distros have Xen packages, but that's just a start in your Xen journey: you need some tooling and knowledge to have a working and scalable platform.
XCP-ng was built to overcome those issues: by bringing Xen to the masses with a fully turnkey distro with Xen as its core. It's the logical sequel to the XCP project, with a community focus from the start. We'll see how it happened, what we did, and what's next. Finally, we'll see the impact of XCP-ng on the Xen Project.
XPDDS19: Will Robots Automate Your Job Away? Streamlining Xen Project Contrib...The Linux Foundation
Doug has long advocated for more CI/CD (Continuous Integration / Continuous Delivery) processes to be adopted by the Xen Project from the use of Travis CI and now GitLab CI. This talk aims to propose ideas for building upon the existing process and transforming the development process to provide users a higher quality with each release by the Xen Project.
XPDDS19: Client Virtualization Toolstack in Go - Nick Rosbrook & Brendan Kerr...The Linux Foundation
High level toolstacks for server and cloud virtualization are very mature with large communities using and supporting them. Client virtualization is a much more niche community with unique requirements when compared to those found in the server space. In this talk, we’ll introduce a client virtualization toolstack for Xen (redctl) that we are using in Redfield, a new open-source client virtualization distribution that builds upon the work done by the greater virtualization and Linux communities. We will present a case for maturing libxl’s Go bindings and discuss what advantages Go has to offer for high level toolstacks, including in the server space.
Today Xen is scheduling guest virtual cpus on all available physical cpus independently from each other. Recent security issues on modern processors (e.g. L1TF) require to turn off hyperthreading for best security in order to avoid leaking information from one hyperthread to the other. One way to avoid having to turn off hyperthreading is to only ever schedule virtual cpus of the same guest on one physical core at the same time. This is called core scheduling.
This presentation shows results from the effort to implement core scheduling in the Xen hypervisor. The basic modifications in Xen are presented and performance numbers with core scheduling active are shown.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
1. ®
Xen and the Art of Virtualization
Revisited
Ian Pratt, Citrix Systems Inc.
6/30/2008 1
2. ®
Outline
• A brief history of Xen
• Why virtualization matters
• Paravirtualization review
• Hardware-software co-design
– MMU virtualization
– Network interface virtualization
• The virtualization frontier
6/30/2008 2
3. ®
The Xen Story
• Mar 1999 XenoServers HotOS paper
• Apr 2002 Xen hypervisor development starts
• Oct 2003 Xen SOSP paper
• Apr 2004 Xen 1.0 released
• Jun 2004 First Xen developer‟s summit
• Nov 2004 Xen 2.0 released
• 2004 Hardware vendors start taking Xen seriously
• 2005 RedHat, Novell, Sun and others adopt Xen
• 2006 VMware and Microsoft adopt paravirtualization
• Sep 2006 First XenEnterprise released
• May 2008 Xen embedded in Flash on HP/Dell servers
6/30/2008 3
4. ®
Xen Project Mission
• Build the industry standard open source
hypervisor
– Core quot;enginequot; that is incorporated into multiple vendors‟ products
• Maintain Xen‟s industry-leading performance
– Be first to exploit new hardware acceleration features
– Help OS vendors paravirtualize their OSes
• Maintain Xen‟s reputation for stability and quality
– Security must now be paramount
• Support multiple CPU types; big and small
systems
– From server to client to mobile phone
• Foster innovation
• Drive interoperability
5. Why Virtualization is „Hot‟
®
• Clearing up the mess created by the success of
„scale-out‟
– One Application per commodity x86 server
– Leads to „server sprawl‟
– 5-15% CPU utilization typical
• Failure of popular OSes to provide
– Full configuration isolation
– Temporal isolation for performance predictability
– Strong spatial isolation for security and reliability
– True backward app compatibility
6/30/2008 5
6. ®
First Virtualization Benefits
• Server consolidation
– Consolidate scale-out success
– Exploit multi-core CPUs
• Manageability
– Secure remote console
– Reboot / power control
– Performance monitoring
• Ease of deployment
– Rapid provisioning
• VM image portability
– Move image between different hardware
– Disaster Recovery
6
7. 2nd Generation Virtualization Benefits
®
Avoid planned downtime
with VM Relocation
Dynamically re-balance
workload to meet app
SLAs or to saver power
8. 2nd Generation Virtualization Benefits
®
Restart-HA monitors hosts
and VMs to keep apps
running
Hardware Fault Tolerance
with deterministic replay
or checkpointing
9. ®
Hypervisor Security
• “hidden hypervisor” attack is a myth, but
exploitation of an installed hypervisor is a real
and dangerous threat
• Hypervisors add more software and thus
increase the attack surface
– Network-facing control stack
– VM containment
• Xen smaller and defensible than an OS
– Need a “strength in depth” approach
• Disaggregate, De-privilege, narrow interfaces
• Xen Security Modules from the NSA
– Measured launch
9
10. ®
Improving Security with Hypervisors
• Hypervisors allow administrative policy
enforcement from outside of the OS
– Firewalls, IDS, malware scanning etc
• More robust as not so easily disabled
• Provides protection within a network rather than just at
borders
– Hardening OSes with immutable memory, taint
tracking, logging and replay
– Backup policy, multi-path IO, HA, FT etc
• Availability and Reliability
• Reducing human effort required to admin all the
VMs is the next frontier
6/30/2008 10
11. ®
Breaking the bond between OS and h/w
• Simplifies Application-stack certification
– Certify App-on-OS; OS-on-HV; HV-on-h/w
– Enables Virtual Appliances
• Virtual hardware greatly reduces the effort
to modify/create new OSes
– Application-specific OSes
• Slimming down and optimization of existing OSes
• “Native execution” of Apps
• Hypervisors enable h/w vendors to „light
up‟ new features more rapidly
6/30/2008 11
12. ®
Paravirtualization
• Extending the OS to be aware it is running in a
virtualized environment
– For performance and enhanced correctness
– IO, memory size, CPU, MMU, time
• In Xen <2.0, some paravirtulizations were
compulsory to close x86 virtualization holes
– Intel VT / AMD-V allow incremental paravirtualization
• Paravirtualization is still very important for
performance, and works along side
enhancements to the hardware
– Higher-level paravirtualizations yield greatest benefit
6/30/2008 12
13. ®
MMU Virtualization
• Critical for performance, challenging to
make fast, especially SMP
– Hot-unplug unnecessary virtual CPUs
– Use multicast TLB flush paravirtualizations etc
• Xen supports 3 MMU virtualization modes
1.Direct pagetables
2.Shadow pagetables
3.Hardware Assisted Paging
• OS Paravirtualization compulsory for #1,
optional (and very beneficial) for #2&3
6/30/2008 13
15. ®
Shadow Pagetables
guest reads Virtual → Guest-physical
guest writes
Guest OS
Accessed & Updates
dirty bits
Virtual → Machine
VMM
Hardware
MMU
• Guest changes optional, but help with batching,
knowing when to unshadow
• Latest algorithms work remarkably well
16. ®
Peformance
W2k3 Parallel DDK Build
08:24
07:12
06:00
04:48
03:36
02:24
01:12
00:00
32 UP 32 SMP PAE UP PAE SMP 64 UP 64 SMP
Xen 3.0 Xen 3.1 Current Native
6/30/2008 16
17. ®
Hardware Assisted Paging
• AMD NPT / Intel EPT
• Hardware handles translation with nested pagetables
– guest PTs managed by guest in normal way
– guest-physical to machine-physical tables managed by Xen
• Can increases the number of memory accesses to
perform a TLB fill pagetable walk by factor of 5
– Hopefully less through caching partial walks
– But reduces the effective TLB size
• Current implementations often perform worse than
shadow PTs
– Wide-SMP guests do relatively better due to no s/w locking
• TLB flush paravirtualizations essential
– Hardware will improve: TLBs will get bigger, caching more
elaborate, prefetch more aggressive
6/30/2008 17
18. ®
Network Interface Virtualization
• Network IO is tough
– High packet rate
• Batches often small
– Data must typically be copied to VM on RX
– Some apps latency sensitive
• Xen‟s network IO virtualization has
evolved over time
– Take advantage of new NIC features
– Smart NIC categorization: Types 0-3
6/30/2008 18
19. ®
Level 0 : Modern conventional NICs
• Single free buffer, RX and TX queues
• TX and RX checksum offload
• Transmit Segmentation Offload (TSO)
• Large Receive Offload (LRO)
• Adaptive interrupt throttling
• MSI support
• (iSCSI initiator offload – export blocks to guests)
• (RDMA offload – helps live relocation)
21. ®
Direct Device Assignment
VM0 VM1 VM2 VM3
Device
Manager & Applications Applications
Applications
Control s/w
GuestOS GuestOS GuestOS GuestOS
Back-End
Native
Native
Device Front-End
Device
Driver Device Drivers
Driver Device
Emulation
Virtual CPU Virtual MMU
Control IF Safe HW IF Event Channel
Xen Virtual Machine Monitor
Hardware (SMP, MMU, physical memory, Ethernet, SCSI/IDE)
22. ®
Level 1 : Multiple RX Queues
• NIC supports multiple free and RX buffer Q‟s
– Choose Q based on dest MAC, VLAN
– Default queue used for mcast/broadcast
• Great opportunity for avoiding data copy for
high-throughput VMs
– Try to allocate free buffers from buffers the guest
is offering
– Still need to worry about bcast, inter-domain etc
• Multiple TX queues with traffic shapping
23. ®
Level 2 : Direct guest access
• NIC allows Q pairs to be mapped into
guest in a safe and protected manner
– Unprivileged h/w driver in guest
– Direct h/w access for most TX/RX operations
– Still need to use s/w path for bcast, inter-dom
• Memory pre-registration with NIC via
privileged part of driver (e.g. in dom0)
– Or rely on architectural IOMMU in future
• For TX, require traffic shaping and basic
MAC/srcIP filtering enforcement
24. ®
Level 2 NICs e.g. Solarflare / Infiniband
• Accelerated routes set up by Dom0
– Then DomU can access hardware directly
• Allow untrusted entities to access the NIC
without compromising system integrity
– Grant tables used to pin pages for DMA
• Treated as an “accelerator module” to allow
easy hot plug/unplug
DomU
Dom0 DomU
DomU
Dom0 DomU
Hypervisor
Hypervisor
Hardware
Hardware
25. ®
Level 3 Switch on NIC / SR-IOV
• NIC presents itself as multiple PCI
devices, one per guest
– Relies on IOMMU for protection
– Still need to deal with the case when there are
more VMs than virtual h/w NIC
– Worse issue with h/w-specific driver in guest
• Full L2+ switch functionality on NIC
– Inter-domain traffic can go via NIC
• But goes over PCIe bus twice
26. Performance ®
Default configuration (6 pkt/intr) Interrupt throttling config (64 pkt/intr)
35 35
272%
30 30 usercopy
25
25
kern
193%
CPU (%)
CPU (%)
20 20 201%
xen1
126%
15 15
100% grantcopy
123% 100%
109%
10 10
kern0
5 5
xen0
0 0
Type-0 Type-1 Type-2 linux Type-2
Type-0 linux
Type-1
• Smarter NICs reduce CPU overhead substantially
• Care must be taken with type-2/3 NICs to ensure
benefits of VM portability and live relocation are not lost
• “Extreme late copy” for zero-copy inter-domain
communication under development
page 28 June 30, 200
27. ®
Xen Client : A Hypervisor for Client Devices
• Security, Manageability and Supportability
• “Embedded IT” virtual appliances
– IDS, Malware detection, remote access, backup etc.
• Building Multi-level secure systems
– Run multiple guest VMs with very controlled
information flow
• Enables Bring-Your-Own-PC model
• Corporate VM; VM for web browsing; VM for banking
• Seamless merging of VM displays
• Migration of VMs between datacentre and laptops for
offline use
• Security requires a true hypervisor architecture
– Intel TXT / AMD SKINIT and Trusted Platform Module
28. ®
From Laptops to Mobiles
• Smart phones and PDAs
– Xen ARM
– Smart phones now suffer from many of the same
problems as PCs
• Simple restricted use cases:
– Three VMs running on one CPU:
• Real time VM for controlling the radio
• VM for vendor/operator -supplied s/w
• VM for user-downloaded software
29. ®
XenoServers : University Project from 1999
Deploy
XenoCorp
XenoServer
Client
• Incremental rollout • Global services and apps
• Flexible platform • Exploit network topology
• Open commercial platform
• Unified management
30. ®
Augmenting IT infrastructure with Cloud
• Dynamic infrastructure as a service
– 100% virtualized, and fully manageable
– Pay as you use - no long-term contracts
• Enterprise - Cloud Bridge
– Optimize VM image deployment
– Secure gateway between Cloud and Enterprise
• Initial applications for Cloud
– End-user facing applications (e.g. Web) - take
advantage of Cloud‟s global presence and fat pipes
– Test and Dev environments, Disaster Recovery
31. ®
Conclusions
• Open Source is a great way to get impact
from University research projects
• Hypervisors will become ubiquitous, near
zero overhead, built in to the hardware
• Virtualization may enable a new quot;golden
agequot; of operating system diversity
• Virtualization is a really fun area to be
working in!
ian.pratt@xen.org
6/30/2008 34