This document summarizes reservoir evaluation of several oil blocks in the X Oilfield. It analyzes 3D seismic data to understand the structural patterns, recognizes sand body distribution through dense well data, and analyzes well testing, oil testing and logging data to understand oil-water distribution. The key findings are:
- The main reservoirs are fault-lithologic with sand bodies distributed in patchy, strip and lenticular shapes.
- Sedimentary facies include channel, interchannel, natural levee and crevasse splay deposits.
- Oil-water distribution is controlled by structure and lithology, with upper oil, lower water typically.
- Initial production intensity is estimated at 0.2 tons per
This document analyzes the adaptability of the well pattern to the reservoir in the Bozhong 25-1 South oil field in the lower member of the Minghuazhen group. It examines the relationship between the width of channel sand bodies and the layer well spacing. The analysis finds that the current layer well spacing of 400m, 500m, 600m can only control 15.5% of the total 129 channels, including 75% of class I channels and 14.47% of class II channels. Most channels, including class I, II, and III, remain uncontrollable by the existing well pattern. This indicates significant potential for further development that is not being exploited by the current well spacing.
Reservoir Characteristics of Complex TightGas Reservoir for Second Member of ...iosrjce
Second Member of Yingcheng Formation reservoir has strong anisotropy in Yingtai area. It is the
complex tight gas reservoir with low porosity and low permeability, and the reservoir characteristics control
potential distribution of target formation in study area and making development plans. Thus, this article carries
out a research on sedimentary characteristics, lithofaciescharacteristics, lithological characteristics,
characteristics of physical properties, distribution characteristicsof reservoir, and distribution characteristics of
gas reservoir. Research results of Second Member of Yingcheng Formation indicate that: distribution of gas
formation is controlled by the reservoir development level and physical properties, the higher level reservoir
develops, the thicker thickness of gas reservoir is. The better reservoir physical properties are, the better result
gas test has, and the higher production gas test has. On the vertical direction, distribution characteristics of
nature gas is: gas formation buries deep, gas well section is long, and the thickness of gas formation has great
change on the cross direction, distribution is not controlled by the high or low structure.
1) The distribution of oil and water in the study area can be categorized into three types: normal structural distribution with oil above water, water blocking between fault blocks, and anomalous distribution with water above oil within the same fault block.
2) Faults, sedimentary facies, and distance from the source rock influence the complex oil-water distribution.
3) Analyzing the distribution patterns guided new well placement in higher structural positions and better reservoir facies, increasing the oil drilling success rate.
1. The document establishes a high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework for the Putaohua Reservoir in the Puxi Oil Field based on core data, well logs, and seismic data.
2. The reservoir was divided into 2 middle-term base-level cycles, 11 short-term cycles, and 15 super-short term cycles. Correlations between wells were conducted using marker beds, balance thickness methods, and fault patterns.
3. Sedimentary facies maps and reservoir profiles were used to verify the accuracy of the established isochronous stratigraphic framework, providing a strong geological basis for late-stage oil field development.
Fine Study of Sedimentary Microfacies in Delta Front- In Heidimiao Key Sand G...iosrjce
Integrated black emperor temple reservoir depositional time unit 310 wells logging curve shape,
sand body geometry and porosity and permeability data, combined with regional geological background, the
Puxi oilfield ancient block 1 black oil reservoir group each sand group sedimentary characteristics and
depositional model of research. Research results show that will Heidimiao original six layer segment to 10
depositional time unit, through comparison of the fine, the establishment of logging facies models, 14
sedimentary microfacies plane distribution characteristics and evolution rules are obtained, provides an
important geological basis for the exploration and development of reservoir.
Yes, there are untapped hydrocarbon plays remaining in the northwest region of Wyoming's Bighorn Basin. The paleo-facies of the Muddy Formation are favorably arranged to constitute a stratigraphic trap, based on the deltaic depositional environment and structure of the basin. Specifically, the student's original conclusion against drilling was based on incorrect data about facies arrangement, but the literature shows the expected ordered arrangement that supports hydrocarbon migration and trapping.
Groundwater can affect engineering structures through several mechanisms:
- It can erode foundations, cause settlement or collapse through volume changes in soil/rock.
- Increase moisture in slopes, reducing stability and increasing landslide risk.
- Impact excavation and construction by flowing towards work sites.
- Reduce bearing capacity and shear strength of soils.
- Cause uplift pressures that can lead to failure of structures.
Proper site investigation is needed to understand subsurface water conditions and mitigate risks.
Here are brief responses to your questions:
A dam is a barrier built across a watercourse for retaining water.
We build dams for water supply, irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, flood control, recreation etc.
The main forces exerted on dams are water pressure, earth pressure, temperature stresses. Proper design is needed to withstand these forces.
Common dam types are gravity dams, arch dams, buttress dams, embankment dams based on construction material and design.
Key site conditions are impermeable foundation, adequate drainage, stable abutments, sufficient storage capacity.
Geological parameters include type and
This document analyzes the adaptability of the well pattern to the reservoir in the Bozhong 25-1 South oil field in the lower member of the Minghuazhen group. It examines the relationship between the width of channel sand bodies and the layer well spacing. The analysis finds that the current layer well spacing of 400m, 500m, 600m can only control 15.5% of the total 129 channels, including 75% of class I channels and 14.47% of class II channels. Most channels, including class I, II, and III, remain uncontrollable by the existing well pattern. This indicates significant potential for further development that is not being exploited by the current well spacing.
Reservoir Characteristics of Complex TightGas Reservoir for Second Member of ...iosrjce
Second Member of Yingcheng Formation reservoir has strong anisotropy in Yingtai area. It is the
complex tight gas reservoir with low porosity and low permeability, and the reservoir characteristics control
potential distribution of target formation in study area and making development plans. Thus, this article carries
out a research on sedimentary characteristics, lithofaciescharacteristics, lithological characteristics,
characteristics of physical properties, distribution characteristicsof reservoir, and distribution characteristics of
gas reservoir. Research results of Second Member of Yingcheng Formation indicate that: distribution of gas
formation is controlled by the reservoir development level and physical properties, the higher level reservoir
develops, the thicker thickness of gas reservoir is. The better reservoir physical properties are, the better result
gas test has, and the higher production gas test has. On the vertical direction, distribution characteristics of
nature gas is: gas formation buries deep, gas well section is long, and the thickness of gas formation has great
change on the cross direction, distribution is not controlled by the high or low structure.
1) The distribution of oil and water in the study area can be categorized into three types: normal structural distribution with oil above water, water blocking between fault blocks, and anomalous distribution with water above oil within the same fault block.
2) Faults, sedimentary facies, and distance from the source rock influence the complex oil-water distribution.
3) Analyzing the distribution patterns guided new well placement in higher structural positions and better reservoir facies, increasing the oil drilling success rate.
1. The document establishes a high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework for the Putaohua Reservoir in the Puxi Oil Field based on core data, well logs, and seismic data.
2. The reservoir was divided into 2 middle-term base-level cycles, 11 short-term cycles, and 15 super-short term cycles. Correlations between wells were conducted using marker beds, balance thickness methods, and fault patterns.
3. Sedimentary facies maps and reservoir profiles were used to verify the accuracy of the established isochronous stratigraphic framework, providing a strong geological basis for late-stage oil field development.
Fine Study of Sedimentary Microfacies in Delta Front- In Heidimiao Key Sand G...iosrjce
Integrated black emperor temple reservoir depositional time unit 310 wells logging curve shape,
sand body geometry and porosity and permeability data, combined with regional geological background, the
Puxi oilfield ancient block 1 black oil reservoir group each sand group sedimentary characteristics and
depositional model of research. Research results show that will Heidimiao original six layer segment to 10
depositional time unit, through comparison of the fine, the establishment of logging facies models, 14
sedimentary microfacies plane distribution characteristics and evolution rules are obtained, provides an
important geological basis for the exploration and development of reservoir.
Yes, there are untapped hydrocarbon plays remaining in the northwest region of Wyoming's Bighorn Basin. The paleo-facies of the Muddy Formation are favorably arranged to constitute a stratigraphic trap, based on the deltaic depositional environment and structure of the basin. Specifically, the student's original conclusion against drilling was based on incorrect data about facies arrangement, but the literature shows the expected ordered arrangement that supports hydrocarbon migration and trapping.
Groundwater can affect engineering structures through several mechanisms:
- It can erode foundations, cause settlement or collapse through volume changes in soil/rock.
- Increase moisture in slopes, reducing stability and increasing landslide risk.
- Impact excavation and construction by flowing towards work sites.
- Reduce bearing capacity and shear strength of soils.
- Cause uplift pressures that can lead to failure of structures.
Proper site investigation is needed to understand subsurface water conditions and mitigate risks.
Here are brief responses to your questions:
A dam is a barrier built across a watercourse for retaining water.
We build dams for water supply, irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, flood control, recreation etc.
The main forces exerted on dams are water pressure, earth pressure, temperature stresses. Proper design is needed to withstand these forces.
Common dam types are gravity dams, arch dams, buttress dams, embankment dams based on construction material and design.
Key site conditions are impermeable foundation, adequate drainage, stable abutments, sufficient storage capacity.
Geological parameters include type and
Fundamentals of Petroleum Engineering Module 2Aijaz Ali Mooro
The document provides an overview of geology and exploration methods for petroleum. It discusses the three main rock types - igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks - and describes parameters that control petroleum occurrence such as source rocks, reservoir rocks and traps. It then explains processes of petroleum migration and entrapment. Finally, it outlines various oil exploration methods including surface geology, geophysical techniques like magnetic, gravity and seismic surveys, and sub-surface methods like well correlation.
1. Canals are constructed to carry water from rivers or reservoirs to irrigate fields. They are generally aligned along contours, ridges, or side slopes.
2. Contour canals follow elevation contours except for the required slope, allowing irrigation on one side. Ridge canals along dividing ridges allow irrigation on both sides.
3. Side slope canals run perpendicular to contours, parallel to natural drainage, avoiding the need for cross drainage structures. Proper geological investigation is important for determining appropriate canal alignments and designs.
The document provides details on the design of a new diversion dam project at the Tarbela Dam in Pakistan. It discusses selecting the site, conducting site studies and subsurface explorations, selecting an earth-fill dam type, and considerations for the embankment, foundation geology, reservoir investigations, test fills, flood hydrology, engineering design aspects like capacity and power calculations, penstock selection and construction details. Foundation conditions, causes of dam failures, and administrative requirements are also outlined.
The Distribution Model of the Sand Body in the Front Facies of Zhaozhou OilfieldQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper took the Zhou 6 close well spacings as the research area. The study area is located in Zhaozhou oilfield, where the delta front sand and sheet sand are widely developed, the thickness is thinner and the thin interbed develops, and the sand body changes fast in the lateral direction. We usually rely on the experience of the individual and the subjective knowledge, apply the traditional pattern method drawing to carry on the trace of the river channel, the boundary characterization, the prediction of the sand body in the well is very difficult. With the deepening of the development phase, the results can't satisfy the demand of encryption adjustment and fine tapping potential of water flooding. Therefore, quantitative description of channel boundaries and accurate prediction of sand bodies between wells have become a problem for quantitative description of sand bodies in the front facies. In this study’s dense well pattern area, the single sand body was dissected by using the existing information, the single sand body type and its superposition model were explored. The sedimentary model of single sand body of underwater distributary channel was established, and the single sand body type and its superposition model were explored
This document discusses secondary migration of petroleum, which is the movement of oil and gas within reservoir rocks after primary migration. The main forces driving secondary migration are buoyancy, as oil and gas are less dense than water, and hydrodynamic forces from water flow. Capillary pressure acts as a resistant force. Secondary migration can occur over distances ranging from hundreds of meters to over 100 km and is facilitated by porous and permeable pathways as well as pressure gradients within the rocks. Water drive and gas flushing are two mechanisms enabling secondary migration to traps and accumulations. Fractures also provide routes for secondary oil and gas to migrate through reservoir strata.
The document discusses offshore oil exploration and drilling operations. It begins by explaining how oil is formed from ancient organic matter over millions of years. Geologists use seismic surveys to locate potential oil reservoirs by interpreting reflections of shock waves. If oil is found, exploratory wells are drilled to determine commercial viability. If productive, production wells are drilled and pipelines transport oil to refineries. Drilling rigs are then set up and drilling occurs in stages, with casing installed and cemented between each new section. Wells are logged, tested and completed to allow controlled oil flow up the wellbore.
This document summarizes a reservoir planning study being presented to the Evanston City Council. It provides background on previous structural evaluations that found the 1913, 1934, and 1948 water storage facilities to be in poor condition. The current study aims to comprehensively evaluate Evanston's water storage and treatment needs over the long term to determine the most cost-effective solution. It will analyze repairing the existing structures versus replacing them and consider six alternatives, including replacing or repairing reservoirs at different locations.
This presentation provides an overview of traps and their classification. It defines key terms like reservoir rock, seal rock, and trap. Traps are classified into three main categories: structural traps caused by folding or faulting, stratigraphic traps caused by depositional or diagenetic features, and combination traps. Examples of each trap type are described, along with their percentages in hydrocarbon fields. Traps in Pakistan are discussed, including the major Indus and Baluchistan basins and fields found there like in the Thar Platform.
1. The document describes the failure of pit slopes at the Deilmann Tailings Management Facility (DTMF) due to collapse of loose outwash sand deposits when resaturated during flooding.
2. Finite element modeling was used to model the stress paths in the sand and ensure stresses did not reach the collapse surface during remediation activities or final flooding. A designed rock buttress was added to prevent triggering of collapse.
3. Geotechnical analyses including limit equilibrium and finite element modeling were used to design slope remediation including flattening slopes and adding a rock buttress to achieve long-term stability with factors of safety over 1.3 and prevent localized collapse triggering.
This presentation covers an imaginary design of diversion dam in Tarbela dam Pakistan. The design covers all the prospects of dam engineering, from basics dam planning to construction.
Fault Vertical Segmentation Growth and Determination of Oil Source Fault in F...ijceronline
It is proved that fault possesses a typical characterisc of vertical segmentation growth if there is competent difference according to field observation, typical seismic analysis and physical modeling. Fault evolution can be divided into three stages by competent difference: formation of lower fault,segmentation of upper and lower fault and formation of thoroughgoing fault. Taking Sanzhao depression as an example, rock mechanical properties and fault−related fold theories prove that there widely exists faults in sandstone layer of Fuyang oil layer, whose propagation is stopped by mudstone in Qingshankou formation member, leading to the formation of fault vertical segmentation growth. Combining reservoir careful anatomy, it can be indicated that the main oil source faults of the “reversed” migration in Fuyang oil layer must keep active in hydrocarbon migration and accumulation period connect oil source and reservoirs, and segment vertically growth in Sanzhao depression.
This document discusses various exploration techniques used to locate oil deposits underground, including gravimetric, magnetometric, seismic surveys, remote sensing, and geochemical methods. It also describes the process of oil field development, including drilling wells using drilling rigs, adding casing and cementing pipes in place, monitoring drilling mud levels, analyzing rock cuttings, and installing well heads and piping to extract oil and gas. The goal is to accurately locate and assess oil deposits before investing in full field development and well construction.
Importance of geological considerations while choosing tunnel sites and align...Buddharatna godboley
This document discusses the importance of geological considerations when selecting sites and alignments for tunnels. It notes that geological investigations are essential for choosing the best route, determining the excavation method, designing the tunnel, assessing costs and stability, and evaluating environmental hazards. The document provides details on how different rock types and geological structures like folding and faulting can impact tunnel construction and design. It emphasizes that understanding the area's geology is crucial for planning tunnels and minimizing risks.
This document provides information about dams and reservoirs. It discusses how dams are constructed across rivers to store water in reservoirs. It describes the different types of dams including gravity dams, buttress dams, arch dams, earth fill dams, and rock fill dams. Key factors in selecting a dam site include the geology of the location, with competent bedrock and an absence of faults or weak zones being important. Dams must also be designed based on the orientation and dip of the underlying rock strata. Extensive exploratory investigations are required at potential dam sites to understand the subsurface geology and suitability for construction.
1) The document discusses various topics related to water resource engineering including embankment dams and gravity dams. It covers suitable sites for embankment dams, types of embankment dams, materials used in earthen dams, and causes of embankment dam failures.
2) Needs for dam construction include drinking water, flood control, irrigation, hydroelectric power and more. Embankment dams are built from soil, rock fill, or a composite. Types include earth dams, rock-fill dams, and composite dams.
3) Causes of embankment dam failures include hydraulic failures from overtopping, seepage failures from piping, and structural failures from shear stresses or earthquakes
This document discusses tunnels, including their purposes, types, geological considerations, lining, and cross sections. Tunnels are underground passages dug for transportation or utilities. They are classified by the material passed through (hard rock, soil, etc.) or purpose (traffic, conveyance). Proper geological investigation is important for tunnel construction to understand rock properties, structures, and groundwater. Tunnels in loose materials require lining to prevent collapse. Common linings are reinforced concrete due to strength, durability and ease of use. Cross sections depend on construction method and ground conditions, and are usually circular, rectangular or horseshoe shaped.
Dams are classified based on their purpose, materials used, and hydraulic design. The main types are embankment dams made of earth or rock, and concrete dams including gravity, buttress, and arch dams. Embankment dams use local natural materials and have lower foundation requirements but greater risks of overtopping. Concrete dams can better withstand overtopping but require stronger foundations and transportation of materials. Both dam types have advantages and disadvantages depending on the site conditions and purposes.
(2010) - Yates M, Krzeminski M, Berthier D, Hamidi B - The Application of Jet...Michal Krzeminski
Jet grouting was used to construct the Runway End Safety Area for Sydney International Airport. It was needed to bridge over existing structures in a way that stabilized the ground, provided bearing capacity, and created an impermeable barrier. A complex design of jet grout columns with varying diameters, lengths, and reinforcement was implemented based on detailed modeling. Over 1,600 jet grout columns totaling over 13,000 meters in length and 5,100 cubic meters in volume were constructed using a double fluid system to meet the project's geotechnical requirements.
New Study on Reservoir Characteristics of the Macroscopic Heterogeneity-Examp...iosrjce
The heterogeneity of the reservoir refers to the basic properties of the reservoir (lithology, physical
property, electric property and oiliness) in three dimensional space on the distribution of heterogeneity. Based
on statistics of core and well log data, paramenters of variation coefficient and differential are calculated to
carry out the study on heterogeneity of layer, interlayer and areal heterogeneity of Lower Member of
Minghuazhen Formation in BZ25-1S area. The sand sets of BZ25-1S reservoir are mainly of distributary
channel sand bodiesin delta plain, and the layer heterogeneity is medium. There are many barriers developed,
and layer heterogeneity is relatively strong. In the plane,the reservoir heterogeneity in the distributary channel
is strong, and it is weak in the overbank sand. It is considered that Lower Member of Minghuazhen Formation
in BZ25-1S area is of strong heterogeneity.
Macro heterogeneity of high porosity and permeability reservoirin Bozhong 25-...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Applied Geology and Geophysics. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Applied Geology and Geophysics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The SA0 Group Reservoir ’S Compositive Evaluation In The Central Developing P...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Using the data from logging in a net of high density, the sand core from a airtight well, and the testing data for oil and gas , and then according to the experiment of exploitation, we studied the deposit visage in macroscopical way, the physical characteristics of the reservoir, and the partition of the oil and gas’s border. It is clear that the zero group of Sa’s oil floor is mainly deposit in the foreside of a delta under the background of lake incursion, and the ventro-delta express a character that there were some sandstones which was transited for two times. Make a certain that the oil and gas’s border of zero group in Sa is maybe 600m underground, and demarcated the maximal square is 26.8km2 about this reservoir, and tell us that it lies in the top of the anticline. Of course, this production can be used in the designing of the zero group of Sa’s exploitation
Fundamentals of Petroleum Engineering Module 2Aijaz Ali Mooro
The document provides an overview of geology and exploration methods for petroleum. It discusses the three main rock types - igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks - and describes parameters that control petroleum occurrence such as source rocks, reservoir rocks and traps. It then explains processes of petroleum migration and entrapment. Finally, it outlines various oil exploration methods including surface geology, geophysical techniques like magnetic, gravity and seismic surveys, and sub-surface methods like well correlation.
1. Canals are constructed to carry water from rivers or reservoirs to irrigate fields. They are generally aligned along contours, ridges, or side slopes.
2. Contour canals follow elevation contours except for the required slope, allowing irrigation on one side. Ridge canals along dividing ridges allow irrigation on both sides.
3. Side slope canals run perpendicular to contours, parallel to natural drainage, avoiding the need for cross drainage structures. Proper geological investigation is important for determining appropriate canal alignments and designs.
The document provides details on the design of a new diversion dam project at the Tarbela Dam in Pakistan. It discusses selecting the site, conducting site studies and subsurface explorations, selecting an earth-fill dam type, and considerations for the embankment, foundation geology, reservoir investigations, test fills, flood hydrology, engineering design aspects like capacity and power calculations, penstock selection and construction details. Foundation conditions, causes of dam failures, and administrative requirements are also outlined.
The Distribution Model of the Sand Body in the Front Facies of Zhaozhou OilfieldQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper took the Zhou 6 close well spacings as the research area. The study area is located in Zhaozhou oilfield, where the delta front sand and sheet sand are widely developed, the thickness is thinner and the thin interbed develops, and the sand body changes fast in the lateral direction. We usually rely on the experience of the individual and the subjective knowledge, apply the traditional pattern method drawing to carry on the trace of the river channel, the boundary characterization, the prediction of the sand body in the well is very difficult. With the deepening of the development phase, the results can't satisfy the demand of encryption adjustment and fine tapping potential of water flooding. Therefore, quantitative description of channel boundaries and accurate prediction of sand bodies between wells have become a problem for quantitative description of sand bodies in the front facies. In this study’s dense well pattern area, the single sand body was dissected by using the existing information, the single sand body type and its superposition model were explored. The sedimentary model of single sand body of underwater distributary channel was established, and the single sand body type and its superposition model were explored
This document discusses secondary migration of petroleum, which is the movement of oil and gas within reservoir rocks after primary migration. The main forces driving secondary migration are buoyancy, as oil and gas are less dense than water, and hydrodynamic forces from water flow. Capillary pressure acts as a resistant force. Secondary migration can occur over distances ranging from hundreds of meters to over 100 km and is facilitated by porous and permeable pathways as well as pressure gradients within the rocks. Water drive and gas flushing are two mechanisms enabling secondary migration to traps and accumulations. Fractures also provide routes for secondary oil and gas to migrate through reservoir strata.
The document discusses offshore oil exploration and drilling operations. It begins by explaining how oil is formed from ancient organic matter over millions of years. Geologists use seismic surveys to locate potential oil reservoirs by interpreting reflections of shock waves. If oil is found, exploratory wells are drilled to determine commercial viability. If productive, production wells are drilled and pipelines transport oil to refineries. Drilling rigs are then set up and drilling occurs in stages, with casing installed and cemented between each new section. Wells are logged, tested and completed to allow controlled oil flow up the wellbore.
This document summarizes a reservoir planning study being presented to the Evanston City Council. It provides background on previous structural evaluations that found the 1913, 1934, and 1948 water storage facilities to be in poor condition. The current study aims to comprehensively evaluate Evanston's water storage and treatment needs over the long term to determine the most cost-effective solution. It will analyze repairing the existing structures versus replacing them and consider six alternatives, including replacing or repairing reservoirs at different locations.
This presentation provides an overview of traps and their classification. It defines key terms like reservoir rock, seal rock, and trap. Traps are classified into three main categories: structural traps caused by folding or faulting, stratigraphic traps caused by depositional or diagenetic features, and combination traps. Examples of each trap type are described, along with their percentages in hydrocarbon fields. Traps in Pakistan are discussed, including the major Indus and Baluchistan basins and fields found there like in the Thar Platform.
1. The document describes the failure of pit slopes at the Deilmann Tailings Management Facility (DTMF) due to collapse of loose outwash sand deposits when resaturated during flooding.
2. Finite element modeling was used to model the stress paths in the sand and ensure stresses did not reach the collapse surface during remediation activities or final flooding. A designed rock buttress was added to prevent triggering of collapse.
3. Geotechnical analyses including limit equilibrium and finite element modeling were used to design slope remediation including flattening slopes and adding a rock buttress to achieve long-term stability with factors of safety over 1.3 and prevent localized collapse triggering.
This presentation covers an imaginary design of diversion dam in Tarbela dam Pakistan. The design covers all the prospects of dam engineering, from basics dam planning to construction.
Fault Vertical Segmentation Growth and Determination of Oil Source Fault in F...ijceronline
It is proved that fault possesses a typical characterisc of vertical segmentation growth if there is competent difference according to field observation, typical seismic analysis and physical modeling. Fault evolution can be divided into three stages by competent difference: formation of lower fault,segmentation of upper and lower fault and formation of thoroughgoing fault. Taking Sanzhao depression as an example, rock mechanical properties and fault−related fold theories prove that there widely exists faults in sandstone layer of Fuyang oil layer, whose propagation is stopped by mudstone in Qingshankou formation member, leading to the formation of fault vertical segmentation growth. Combining reservoir careful anatomy, it can be indicated that the main oil source faults of the “reversed” migration in Fuyang oil layer must keep active in hydrocarbon migration and accumulation period connect oil source and reservoirs, and segment vertically growth in Sanzhao depression.
This document discusses various exploration techniques used to locate oil deposits underground, including gravimetric, magnetometric, seismic surveys, remote sensing, and geochemical methods. It also describes the process of oil field development, including drilling wells using drilling rigs, adding casing and cementing pipes in place, monitoring drilling mud levels, analyzing rock cuttings, and installing well heads and piping to extract oil and gas. The goal is to accurately locate and assess oil deposits before investing in full field development and well construction.
Importance of geological considerations while choosing tunnel sites and align...Buddharatna godboley
This document discusses the importance of geological considerations when selecting sites and alignments for tunnels. It notes that geological investigations are essential for choosing the best route, determining the excavation method, designing the tunnel, assessing costs and stability, and evaluating environmental hazards. The document provides details on how different rock types and geological structures like folding and faulting can impact tunnel construction and design. It emphasizes that understanding the area's geology is crucial for planning tunnels and minimizing risks.
This document provides information about dams and reservoirs. It discusses how dams are constructed across rivers to store water in reservoirs. It describes the different types of dams including gravity dams, buttress dams, arch dams, earth fill dams, and rock fill dams. Key factors in selecting a dam site include the geology of the location, with competent bedrock and an absence of faults or weak zones being important. Dams must also be designed based on the orientation and dip of the underlying rock strata. Extensive exploratory investigations are required at potential dam sites to understand the subsurface geology and suitability for construction.
1) The document discusses various topics related to water resource engineering including embankment dams and gravity dams. It covers suitable sites for embankment dams, types of embankment dams, materials used in earthen dams, and causes of embankment dam failures.
2) Needs for dam construction include drinking water, flood control, irrigation, hydroelectric power and more. Embankment dams are built from soil, rock fill, or a composite. Types include earth dams, rock-fill dams, and composite dams.
3) Causes of embankment dam failures include hydraulic failures from overtopping, seepage failures from piping, and structural failures from shear stresses or earthquakes
This document discusses tunnels, including their purposes, types, geological considerations, lining, and cross sections. Tunnels are underground passages dug for transportation or utilities. They are classified by the material passed through (hard rock, soil, etc.) or purpose (traffic, conveyance). Proper geological investigation is important for tunnel construction to understand rock properties, structures, and groundwater. Tunnels in loose materials require lining to prevent collapse. Common linings are reinforced concrete due to strength, durability and ease of use. Cross sections depend on construction method and ground conditions, and are usually circular, rectangular or horseshoe shaped.
Dams are classified based on their purpose, materials used, and hydraulic design. The main types are embankment dams made of earth or rock, and concrete dams including gravity, buttress, and arch dams. Embankment dams use local natural materials and have lower foundation requirements but greater risks of overtopping. Concrete dams can better withstand overtopping but require stronger foundations and transportation of materials. Both dam types have advantages and disadvantages depending on the site conditions and purposes.
(2010) - Yates M, Krzeminski M, Berthier D, Hamidi B - The Application of Jet...Michal Krzeminski
Jet grouting was used to construct the Runway End Safety Area for Sydney International Airport. It was needed to bridge over existing structures in a way that stabilized the ground, provided bearing capacity, and created an impermeable barrier. A complex design of jet grout columns with varying diameters, lengths, and reinforcement was implemented based on detailed modeling. Over 1,600 jet grout columns totaling over 13,000 meters in length and 5,100 cubic meters in volume were constructed using a double fluid system to meet the project's geotechnical requirements.
New Study on Reservoir Characteristics of the Macroscopic Heterogeneity-Examp...iosrjce
The heterogeneity of the reservoir refers to the basic properties of the reservoir (lithology, physical
property, electric property and oiliness) in three dimensional space on the distribution of heterogeneity. Based
on statistics of core and well log data, paramenters of variation coefficient and differential are calculated to
carry out the study on heterogeneity of layer, interlayer and areal heterogeneity of Lower Member of
Minghuazhen Formation in BZ25-1S area. The sand sets of BZ25-1S reservoir are mainly of distributary
channel sand bodiesin delta plain, and the layer heterogeneity is medium. There are many barriers developed,
and layer heterogeneity is relatively strong. In the plane,the reservoir heterogeneity in the distributary channel
is strong, and it is weak in the overbank sand. It is considered that Lower Member of Minghuazhen Formation
in BZ25-1S area is of strong heterogeneity.
Macro heterogeneity of high porosity and permeability reservoirin Bozhong 25-...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Applied Geology and Geophysics. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Applied Geology and Geophysics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The SA0 Group Reservoir ’S Compositive Evaluation In The Central Developing P...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Using the data from logging in a net of high density, the sand core from a airtight well, and the testing data for oil and gas , and then according to the experiment of exploitation, we studied the deposit visage in macroscopical way, the physical characteristics of the reservoir, and the partition of the oil and gas’s border. It is clear that the zero group of Sa’s oil floor is mainly deposit in the foreside of a delta under the background of lake incursion, and the ventro-delta express a character that there were some sandstones which was transited for two times. Make a certain that the oil and gas’s border of zero group in Sa is maybe 600m underground, and demarcated the maximal square is 26.8km2 about this reservoir, and tell us that it lies in the top of the anticline. Of course, this production can be used in the designing of the zero group of Sa’s exploitation
The document summarizes the reservoir characteristics of the Putaohua reservoir in the Gulong oilfield. It finds that the reservoir has low textural maturity but good structural maturity, with fine-grained sandstone being the dominant lithology. Physical property analysis shows the reservoir has moderate-low porosity averaging 15% and low permeability averaging 16.3mD. Study of clay mineral transformation indicates the reservoir experienced significant diagenesis during the middle diagenetic stage, which released acids and enhanced secondary porosity development. Lithology, sedimentary environment, and diagenesis are identified as the key controlling factors of the reservoir's physical properties.
1) The document analyzes oil-water layer recognition and distribution of PI reservoirs in the G region based on core data, oil testing, and well logging.
2) An oil-water layer logging interpretation chart is established using resistivity logs to identify 5 types of vertical oil-water distributions in single wells and the overall horizontal zoning of distributions across the region.
3) The distributions are complex due to structural, sedimentary, and diagenetic factors but generally include pure oil, oil-water, and pure water layers that vary based on position within anticlines, synclines, and slopes.
This document discusses approaches for dividing flow units in continental reservoirs. It begins by defining flow units as reservoir units that have similar permeability characteristics that influence fluid flow. The document then analyzes the basic features of continental reservoir flow units. As a case study, it divides the flow units in a pilot site in the Daqing oil field in China based on geological factors like faults, lithology, and sedimentary features. Specifically, it subdivides existing layers into 18 vertical flow units and categorizes the units into four types - I to IV - based on their permeability and storage capacity. The division of flow units aims to better understand reservoir heterogeneity and the distribution of remaining oil.
The document discusses research on the distribution of oil and water in the eastern block of the Chao202-2 area in China. It establishes standards for identifying oil, poor oil, dry, and water layers using well logging data. Analysis shows structural reservoirs are dominant and fault and sand body configuration control oil-water distribution. Oil-water distribution varies between fault blocks from "up oil, bottom water" to "up water, bottom oil" depending on structure and sand body development.
1. The document discusses the identification of lithologic traps in the D3 Member of the Gaonan Region using seismic attribute analysis, acoustic impedance inversion, and sedimentary microfacies analysis.
2. Several lithologic traps were identified in the I and II oil groups of the D3 Member, with the largest trap located between wells G46 and G146X1 covering an area of about 2.35 km2.
3. Impedance inversion, seismic attribute analysis, and sedimentary microfacies characterization using 3D seismic data helped determine the location and development of effective lithologic traps in the thin sandstone-shale interbeds of the target stratum.
The document describes the establishment of a fine sequence stratigraphic framework for the Fuyu reservoir in the Zhou13 Block of the Zhaozhou Oilfield. First, a standard well, Zhou 801, was selected based on characteristics like complete formation, lack of faults, and clear stratigraphic cycles. Marker beds were identified from clear electrical properties. The reservoir was then divided into three groups (FI, FII, FIII) and seventeen small layers based on the marker beds and cycles in the standard well. Correlation was then performed between the standard well and other wells in the block to construct a unified stratigraphic framework.
This document analyzes the main controlling factors of remaining oil distribution in the VI block of the Xinli oilfield in China. Through analyzing static and dynamic factors, it is concluded that sedimentary facies like channels and faults are important static factors, while injection-production well patterns and perforation intervals are important dynamic factors. Four wells without perforation are identified as having potential for remaining oil based on their locations in channels or near faults. The document aims to better understand remaining oil distribution to improve development and recovery from this low permeability reservoir.
This document discusses the characteristics of cracks in tight sandstone reservoirs. It finds that the main types of cracks are tectonic cracks, bedding cracks, and diagenetic cracks. Tectonic cracks are irregular and oblique, bedding cracks form between layers of different lithology, and diagenetic cracks are micro-cracks controlled by diagenetic processes. The development of cracks is controlled by tectonic stress, sedimentation, and diagenesis. Cracks improve the physical properties of tight reservoirs by providing pathways for fluid flow and sites for secondary porosity development through dissolution.
The document analyzes the characteristics of the lower Cretaceous reservoir in the Yan Ji Basin. The sandstone reservoirs are arkose, debris-feldspar and feldspar-debris sandstone with average porosity of 12.8% and permeability of 4.74×10-3μm2, classifying it as low porosity and extra-low permeability. The main factors affecting reservoir properties are sedimentary environment and diagenesis processes like mechanical compaction, cementation, and dissolution.
Seismic interpretation and well logging techniquesPramoda Raj
This document provides an overview of seismic interpretation and well logging techniques used in hydrocarbon exploration. It begins with introducing the aims and objectives, which are to understand the principles of seismic interpretation and well log interpretation. It then discusses various topics related to petroleum exploration including basins in India, petroleum systems elements, geophysical exploration methods, seismic surveys, well logging tools, and seismic and well log interpretation. The conclusion emphasizes that the work helped to interpret well logs and seismic sections to understand subsurface lithology and formations.
2575150, Significant Production Improvement of UltraLow Permeability Granitic...Mostafa Kortam
The document summarizes the significant production improvement of an ultra-low permeability granitic reservoir in Egypt utilizing channel fracturing. Key points:
1) The target formation has very low natural fracture permeability of 0.1-0.5 md, requiring channel fracturing to access oil.
2) Well SID-18 encountered an unconventional granitic formation with challenging logging responses. Analysis found the lithology consists of granite, microgranite, and metagranite fragments.
3) Testing found the formation has an ultra-low permeability. Channel fracturing was utilized to successfully commercialize this challenging asset.
This document summarizes sedimentary features of different types of deltas. It describes:
1) A marine fan delta formed by an alluvial fan or braided river depositing sediment into the sea. Coarse beach ridges can form protected lagoons.
2) Marine deltas are classified based on sediment supply and energy levels that control their morphology.
3) Braid deltas form in narrow lake basins where steep mountain slopes enter the lake, depositing coarse sediments.
The document discusses the classification of bounding surfaces and lithofacies in continental deltas. It divides bounding surfaces into 6 hierarchical levels that control sedimentation and reservoir development. Continental lacustrine basin deltas can be divided into 14 basic lithofacies types including various conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone facies. Braid deltas form in lacustrine basins and can be distinguished from normal deltas and fan deltas based on their sediment source, particle size, and sedimentary characteristics.
The document analyzes the forming conditions of tight oil and gas in the J layer in the south depression of the D Basin based on laboratory test data and well data. The J layer contains widely distributed dark mudstone with high organic content that serves as a source rock. The organic matter is mainly types IIb and III and has reached the gas generation stage, providing material for oil and gas formation. Tight reservoirs exist in interbedded sandstone and mudstone. Local depressions in the stable tectonic south depression provide conditions for oil and gas preservation. Therefore, the south depression of the D Basin has potential for tight oil and gas exploration.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
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Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
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1) The document discusses conditioning an old vertical well drilled in 1974 in Argentina to stimulate and test productivity from the Vaca Muerta shale formation.
2) A pilot program was conducted on three wells, applying coiled tubing assisted pinpoint completions to independently stimulate small intervals, with 12 stages used over 130m.
3) The pilot was successful, with the wells producing oil naturally. It demonstrated the viability of the completion technique for stimulating older vertical wells in the Vaca Muerta shale.
This document proposes methods for generating electricity from speed breakers. It discusses 5 classifications of speed breaker power generators that use different mechanisms: 1) a chain drive mechanism, 2) a rack and pinion system, 3) direct use of the load through a reciprocating device, 4) a translator and stator topology, and 5) a pressure lever mechanism. The document also outlines the advantages of using speed breakers for power generation such as low cost and maintenance and being a renewable source. Some challenges are also noted such as selecting a suitable generator and dealing with rain damage.
Cassava waste water was used as an admixture to replace distilled water in ratios of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% for producing sandcrete blocks. 60 sandcrete blocks of size 450mm x 150mm x 225mm were produced with different admixture ratios and a control with 0% admixture. The blocks were cured for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days and then tested for moisture content, specific gravity, water absorption, and compressive strength. Test results showed that blocks with 20% cassava waste water admixture met the minimum compressive strength requirement of 3.30 N/mm2 set by Nigerian standards, indicating the potential of cassava waste water to improve sandcrete block quality and
The document presents a theorem on random fixed points in metric spaces. It begins with introductions to fixed point theory, random fixed point theory, and relevant definitions. The main result is Theorem 3.1, which proves that if a self-mapping E on a complete metric space X satisfies certain contraction conditions involving parameters between 0 and 1, then E has a unique fixed point. The proof constructs a Cauchy sequence that converges to the unique fixed point. The document contributes to the study of random equations and random fixed point theory, which has applications in nonlinear analysis, probability theory, and other fields.
1. The document discusses applying multi-curve reconstruction technology to seismic inversion to improve accuracy and reliability. It focuses on reconstructing SP and RMN curves from well logs that are affected by various distortions.
2. The process of reconstructing the curves involves removing baseline drift, standardizing values, applying linear filtering, and fitting the curves. This removes interference and retains valid lithological information.
3. Reconstructing high quality curves improves the resolution and credibility of seismic inversion results. The method is shown to effectively predict sand distribution with little error.
This document compares the performance of a Minimum-Mean-Square-Error (MMSE) adaptive receiver and a conventional Rake receiver for receiving Ultra-Wideband (UWB) signals over a multipath fading channel. It first describes the UWB pulse shapes and channel model used, including the 6th derivative of the Gaussian pulse and the IEEE 802.15.3a modified Saleh-Valenzuela channel model. It then discusses the Direct-Sequence and Time-Hopping transmission and multiple access schemes for UWB. The document presents the receiver structures for the MMSE adaptive receiver and Rake receiver and compares their performance using MATLAB simulations.
This document summarizes a study on establishing logging interpretation models for reservoir parameters like porosity, permeability, oil saturation, and gas saturation in the Gaotaizi Reservoir of the L Oilfield. Models were developed using core data from 4 wells and include:
1) A porosity model relating acoustic travel time to porosity with an error of 0.92%
2) A permeability model relating permeability to porosity with an error of 0.31%
3) An oil saturation model using resistivity data with empirically determined parameters
4) A method to determine original gas saturation from mercury injection data.
Application of the models improved interpretation precision and allowed recalculation of oil and gas reserves for the
This document discusses predicting spam videos on social media platforms using machine learning. It proposes using attributes like number of likes, comments, and view count to classify videos as spam or not spam. A predictive algorithm is developed that uses threshold values for attributes and natural language processing of comments to classify videos. Testing of the algorithm on a dataset achieved a spam prediction precision of 93.6%. Issues with small datasets decreasing accuracy are also discussed, along with continuing work to address this issue.
1) The study experimentally evaluated the compatibility relationship between polymer solutions and oil layers through core flooding tests with different permeability cores.
2) The results showed that injection rate decreased with increasing polymer concentration and molecular weight, and increased with permeability.
3) Based on the results, boundaries for injection capability were established and a compatibility chart was proposed to guide polymer solution selection for different sedimentary microfacies in the field based on permeability and pore size.
This document examines using coal ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Coal ash was substituted for cement at rates of 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight. Testing found that concrete with a 5% substitution of coal ash exhibited only a slight decrease in compressive strength of 2% at 28 days while gaining improved workability. Higher substitution rates of 10% and 15% coal ash led to greater decreases in compressive and tensile strength. The study concludes that a 5% substitution of coal ash for cement provides benefits of reduced cost and improved workability with minimal strength impacts, representing an effective use of a waste material that addresses sustainability.
Accounting professional judgment involves handling accounting events and compiling financial reports according to regulations and standards. However, professional judgment is sometimes manipulated to distort accounting information. The document discusses three ways manipulation occurs: 1) abandoning accounting principles, 2) optional changes to accounting policies, and 3) abuse of accounting estimates. The causes of manipulation include distorted motivations from corporate governance issues and catering to various stakeholder interests. Strengthening supervision and improving the accounting system are proposed to manage manipulation of professional judgment.
The document describes an intelligent fault diagnosis system for reciprocating pumps that uses pressure and flow signals as inputs. It consists of hardware for data acquisition and a software system for signal processing, feature extraction, and fault diagnosis using wavelet neural networks. The system was able to accurately diagnose three main fault types - seal ring faults, valve damage, and spring faults - based on differences observed in the pressure curves. Testing on over 12 samples of each fault type achieved a correct diagnosis rate of over 94%. The system provides a fast and effective means of remotely monitoring reciprocating pumps and identifying faults.
This document discusses the application of meta-learning algorithms in banking sector data mining for fraud detection. It proposes using Classification and Regression Tree (CART), AdaBoost, LogitBoost, Bagging and Dagging algorithms for classification of banking transaction data. The experimental results show that Bagging algorithm has the best performance with the lowest misclassification rate, making it effective for banking fraud detection through data mining. Data mining can help banks detect patterns for applications like credit scoring, payment default prediction, fraud detection and risk management by analyzing customer transaction history and loan details.
This document presents a numerical solution for unsteady heat and mass transfer flow past an infinite vertical plate with variable thermal conductivity, taking into account Dufour number and heat source effects. The governing equations are non-linear and coupled, and were solved numerically using an implicit finite difference scheme. Various parameters, including Dufour number and heat source, were found to influence the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. Skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number were also calculated.
The document discusses methods for obtaining a background image using depth information from a depth camera to more accurately extract foreground objects. It finds that accumulating depth images and taking the median value at each pixel provides the most accurate background image. The accuracy of three methods - average, median, and mode - are evaluated using simulated depth data of a captured plane. The median method provides the best results, followed by average, while mode performs worst. More accumulated images provide a more accurate background image across all methods.
This document presents a mathematical model for determining the minimum overtaking sight distance (OSDm) required for an ascending vehicle to safely pass another slower vehicle on a single lane highway with an incline. It defines sight distance, stopping sight distance, perception-reaction time and derives equations to calculate the reaction distance (d1), overtaking distance (d2), vehicle travel distance during overtaking (d3), and total minimum OSDm based on vehicle characteristics, road geometry, and coefficients of friction. The safe overtaking zone is defined as 3 times the minimum OSDm. The model accounts for effects of slope angle and aims to satisfy laws of mechanics for overtaking maneuvers on inclined two-way single lane highways.
This document discusses a novel technique for better analysis of ice properties using Kalman filtering. It summarizes previous research on sea ice segmentation using SAR imagery and dual polarization techniques. It proposes using an automated SAR algorithm along with Kalman filtering to more accurately detect sea ice properties from RADARSAT1 and RADARSAT2 imagery data. The document reviews techniques for image segmentation, dual polarization, PMA detection, and related work on sea ice classification using statistical ice properties, edge preserving region models, and object extraction methods.
This document summarizes a study on the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in bass fish (Morone Saxatilis) caught at Rodoni Cape in the Adriatic Sea in Albania. Samples of bass fish were collected from five sites and analyzed for mercury, lead, and cadmium levels in their muscles. The concentrations of heavy metals varied between fish and sites but were below international limits for human consumption. While the fish were found to be safe for eating, the study recommends continuous monitoring of metal levels in fish from the area due to various factors that can influence metal uptake over time.
This document discusses optimal maintenance policies for repairable systems with linearly increasing hazard rates. It considers a system with a constant repair rate and predetermined availability requirement. There are two maintenance policies: corrective maintenance only, and preventive maintenance at set time intervals. The goal is to determine the preventive maintenance interval that guarantees the availability requirement at minimum cost. Equations are developed to calculate the availability under each policy and the optimal preventive maintenance interval based on both availability and cost. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the decision process in determining the optimal policy.
This document analyzes the longitudinal medical costs of hypertensive diseases in Mexico from 2012 to 2050. It calculates probabilities of disease detection, treatment, and death by age and sex using historical Mexican health data. Medical costs are projected under base, optimal, and worse economic growth scenarios. Costs are higher for women and increase significantly after age 50. The maximum number of patients in treatment is between ages 20-29, decreasing until ages 65-69 for men and 60-64 for women before rising again with other age-related illnesses. Hypertensive disease costs are more expensive than diabetes and projected to increase as the population ages.
This document discusses the application of machine learning algorithms for fraud detection in the banking sector. It proposes using Classification and Regression Tree (CART), AdaBoost, LogitBoost, and Bagging algorithms to classify banking data and detect fraud. An experiment is conducted to analyze the performance of these algorithms on a banking data set. The results show that the Bagging algorithm has the lowest misclassification rate, indicating it performs better than the other algorithms at classifying banking data for fraud detection. In conclusion, the Bagging algorithm is deemed the best performing of the meta-learning algorithms analyzed for fraud detection in banking data.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
1. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) www.iosrjen.org
ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719
Vol. 05, Issue 04 (April. 2015), ||V1|| PP 51-55
International organization of Scientific Research 51 | P a g e
Several opinions on reservoir evaluation of X Oil blocks
Yanling Ma
1 School of Geosciences, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Hei Longjiang, China, 163318
2 Daqing Oilfield Company Exploration Division, Daqing, Hei Longjiang, China ,163311
Abstract: Analysis and summary reservoir evaluation in X Oil blocks, and then rethink structural pattern by
using three-dimensional seismic data to process and explain; Recognize the sand body distribution of dense well
anatomic and sedimentary once again; With analysing explicitly well testing, oil testing and logging, oil-water
distribution of block is more learned; After discerning test mining and test area information to recognize initial
production, it will provide a certain reference value to block evaluation and development work.
Keywords: reservoir evaluation Structural Features sedimentary oil-water distribution
I. INTRODUCTION
Reservoir evaluation stage is the convergence phase of exploration and development, on the basis of
full recognition geological regularity of oil field to preparate for intial development, and then submit proved oil
reserves and initial development program, it can provide scientific and reliable support for oil development.
This paper summarizes reservoir evaluation in X Oil block and hope to exchange the knowledge with others.
II. SEVERAL OPINIONS OF RESERVOIR EVALUATION
2.1 Recognition of tectonic framework
In view of its technology and information restrictions, two-dimensional seismic data can not recognize the
fault between 5 and10m, the extended length of small faults is greater than 150m (three blocks) of and shut
height of small amplitude structure is about 10m; At the same time, sand and effective thickness can not be
quantitatively predicted. Three-dimensional seismic data successfully solves the above problem to provide a
guarantee for The implementation of a movable geological reserves.
2.1.1 3-D seismic data interpretation results
The major of X Oil blocks is a relatively simple monoclinic structure, and its local structures are not very
developed, 6 main structural traps and the larger 11 major faults are explained. From T2 and T2y1 layer
structure, structural morphology and oil distribution of fracture control can be learned, the structural traps is not
developed in the region, only a few scattered small amplitude distribute along the fault structural traps,but
production wells is not almost fall in these small structure region, it shows tectosphere is not the main control
factors in the region.
2.12 Fault and lithology are the main factor that control oil and gas
There are lots of fauls in this area, the direction mainly is NNE, NNW,NW. Through the analysis of the
sedimentary micro facies, the direction of sand is NW, a certain angle and the fault strike, Sand is cut by fault
and compound fault-lithologic reservoir, this kind of reservoir is the most important types of reservoir in this
area.
One well is 1546.2-1634.0m in FuYu oil layer, everyday there is 8.703t oil through lift gas pressure. From
the structural point of view, the well is located in the eastern area and is the drop plate of the ZH72 fault, do not
2. Several opinions on reservoir evaluation of X Oil blocks
International organization of Scientific Research 52 | P a g e
have the conditions of structural trap. From the point of view of reservoir conditions, the well has the thickness
of sandstone 28.6m in objective layer, the effective thickness is 8.8m, reservoir property is good, effective
porosity is 10.9%, is the fault- lithologic reservoir by the fault barrier.An Eastern oilfield as the effective
thickness of the high value area, In the upper of ther FI layer and the lower of FII obtain industrial oil flow
4.783t. This well match the NNW and NNE faults, easy to form the fault- lithologic reservoir, which is the
fault-lithologic reservoir of favorable development area.
2.13 Sand lens reservoir type is secondary
According to the reservoir characteristics, the sandstone lens, strip in sand with sand body,
vertical sand mutually staggered, lateral connectivity is poor, with the formation of lithologic reservoirs and
stone lens conditions.
One well has 2.02t oil flow everyday in FuYu oil layer, according to the reservoir characteristics,
reservoir property is good, effective porosity is 11.1% and 12.1%. From the structural point of view, there is no
fault around the well, belongs to lithologic reservoir sand body of lens. Designing development program is very
significant for the economic development of oilfield.
2.1.4 Prediction of sandstone enrichment region
FⅠgroup sand body development regularities: FⅠgroup sandstone thickness of 3.8-3.8 m, 18.92 m on
average. In the middle of the work area develop a south west - north east direction of sandstone development
zone, development zone sandstone thickness are in more than 18 m.
FⅡgroup sand body development regularities: FⅡgroup sandstone thickness of 0.8-0.8 m, 9.85 m on
average. FⅡgroup of sand bodies in the region development of the overall, in the western part of the work area,
central relative development.
2.2 Sedimentary characteristics recognize
2.2.1 Sand body direction
According to a certain oil field blocks that the existing six dip logging data in table 7-2 confirmed sand
body is in the south west ~ east north ; With two Wells imaging log interpretation results, seismic reservoir
prediction results, dense well pattern anatomy determine sand body in the same direction. Sand body by the
thickening of south west north east direction, sand body width 100m ~ 2000m, extending 2 km ~ 3 km.
Direction of sand body is in the north east ~ south west , the same direction with river swing.
According to11 exploratory well, 41 appraisal well, 153 development wells dense well pattern
anatomical sand body development in a certain oil field blocks, there are three major reservoir, FⅠ31, FⅠ71,
FⅠ72 layer, sand body into a patchy distribution, drill encounter rate was 50.93% ~ 67.08%, the second type
reservoir has 2, FⅠ4, FⅡ41 layer, sand body distribution into a strip, drill encounter rate was 23.60% ~ 23.60%,
the remaining 20 layers for third kinds of reservoir, into a lenticular sand body distribution, drill encounter rate
is low, is 0.62% ~ 21.12%.
2.2.2 Sedimentary microfacies
According to the regional geological research results in zhaoyuan area south fuyu oil layer deposition
by huaide sedimentary system control, and again by the north and the south to the east of the songhua river
water system constraints, delta distributary plain facies development in zhaoyuan area . According to a certain
oil field blocks in fuyu reservoir depositional cycle characteristics of log facies, lithology combination, the color
of the core analysis, stratification structure, fossils contained content characteristics, according to the causes of
types of single sand bodies, the delta distributary plain was divided into facies channel, interchannel, natural
3. Several opinions on reservoir evaluation of X Oil blocks
International organization of Scientific Research 53 | P a g e
levee, crevasse splay and other four kinds of sedimentary microfacies model and sedimentary microfacies are
according to the division of sedimentary units.
2.2.3 Main sedimentary microfacies in the reservoir, it can be seen that:
FI71 sedimentary period is a period of great prosperity development of the river course with
underwater distributary channel sand body , the main development of 4-5 south west - north east to the channel
sand body distribution, single sand body thickness of 7.2 m (yuan170-326 well ), full wellblock drilling
encounter rate 67.08%, distributed staggeredshape. Between the river is given priority to with interchannel sand
deposit.
FⅠ72 Sedimentary period was main development of the channel and underwater distributary channel
sand body , the main development of 2 south west - north east to the channel sand body distribution, the thickest
of single sand body to 6 m (yuan 256-272 well ), fullwell block drilling encounter rate 55.9%, sand body
distribution staggered shape.
FⅡ41 sedimentary period was the delta distributary plain deposits in this area. ,develop extensive
channel sand body and underwater distributary channel sand body, the main development 3 of south west north
~east to distribution channel sand body, drilling encounter rate 23.6%, sandstone thickness 1.0-6.2 m.
The main body of a certain oil field blocks in fuyu reservoir sandstone concentrated development in
FⅠgroup lower part and FⅡgroup lower part, the rest of the small layers of sandstone development, but the
thickness is small, scattered distribution, on the main sandstone development zone was the longitudinal channel
superposition type, the plane in zonal distribution.
2.3 The understanding of the oil and water distribution
A certain oil field blocks oil-water longitudinal was controlled by gravity differentiation, the overall
distribution characteristics was upper oil lower water and upper oil lower dry, rare oil water layer. Most of the
water head in the bottom of fu one group and the upper of fu two group. the upper of water top was oil layer ,
poor layer, water layer, dry layer mutual combination. In each well oil column height change is bigger, fuyu
reservoir oil-bearing height at 34.9 ~ 155.0 m, 102.7 m on average. But the relationship with the structure is not
very obvious. Among wells without unified oil-water interface, the bottom of the oil in the -1349.1 ~ -1648.8 m
above sea level, an average of 1534.6 m, the water top average depth between 1492.96 ~ 1685.2 m above sea
level, an average of 1576.19 m. Oil and water distribution is controlled by structure and lithology.
Seri
al
nu
mbe
r
Well No.
Bushing
elevatio
nm)
F topper
oil pan water Top
Sump de
pth(m)
Oil colu
mn
height
(m)
Altitud
e (m)
Horiz
on
depth
of the
water
(m)
Altitude
(m)
Horiz
on
1 a 130.60 1451.50 1593.40 141.9 -1462.8 FI6 1634.2 -1503.6 FII1
2 b 131.00 1563.50 1613.20 49.7 -1482.2 FI4 1816.2 -1685.2 FII5
3 c 131.60 1535.00 1644.60 109.6 -1513.0 FI7 1699.2 -1567.6 FII5
4 d 132.20 1632.00 1715.40 83.4 -1583.2 FI5 1751.2 -1619.0 FII1
5 e 130.70 1613.50 1648.40 34.9 -1517.7 FI2 1690.4 -1559.7 FI5
6 f 130.10 1627.00 1745.60 118.6 -1615.5 FI7 1754 -1623.9 FII1
7 g 132.30 1625.00 1752.40 127.4 -1620.1 FII2 1807.4 -1675.1 FIII2
8 h 130.80 1593.50 1731.40 137.9 -1600.6 FII2
9 i 131.91 1633.50 1730.20 96.7 -1598.3 FI6 1733.2 -1601.3 FI7
4. Several opinions on reservoir evaluation of X Oil blocks
International organization of Scientific Research 54 | P a g e
10 j 132.50 1536.50 1691.00 154.5 -1558.5 FII4
11 k 131.70 1535.00 1690.00 155.0 -1558.3 FII3
12 l 132.10 1485.00 1631.80 146.8 -1499.7 FII4
13 m 130.30 1495.00 1605.40 110.4 -1475.1 FI7
14 n 131.20 1574.50 1675.00 100.5 -1543.8 FI7 1705.2 -1574.0 FII3
15 o 133.80 1496.00 1619.20 123.2 -1485.4 FI6 1645.6 -1511.8 FII4
16 p 129.90 1542.00 1612.20 70.2 -1482.3 FI4 1626.2 -1496.3 FI5
17 q 132.50 1372.00 1481.60 109.6 -1349.1 FI7
18 r 141.67 1615.2 1679.6 64.4 -1537.9 FI4 1738.4 -1596.7 FI7
2.4 Productivity prediction
Study has 34 industrial oil wells,on the Fuyu reservoir, all industrial oil wells after fracturing. The
single well perforation variation range of the effective thickness in the range of 1.9 ~ 22.5m, the
average effective perforation thickness is 7.8m, the average single well test oil yield was 3.24t/d, the average
recovery of 0.42t/ intensity (D-M). The intensity of a stable oil production wells 0.23t/ (D-M), adjacent
block production wells during the initial production production intensity 0.12t/ (D-M). The comprehensive
analysis of the results and test data, oil test data and production data, consider the use of advanced water
injection, large scalefracturing, at the beginning of operation, stable oil production intensity at 0.2
t/ (D - M) calculation isreasonable.
Block
The
number
of produ
cing
wells)
Thick
ness
(m)
Initial
oil
product
ion (t)
2004.12 2005.6 2005.11
Single
wellDa
ily oil
Oil
produc
tion
rate
(%)
Daily
fluid
Daily
oil
Daily
water
Daily
fluid
Daily
oil
Daily
water
Daily
fluid
Daily
oil
Daily
water
T 45 11.5 2.4 103.2 77.9 24.5 54.1 40 26.1 47.9 34.4 28.2 0.82 0.83
W 12 12 2.1 13.9 9.1 34.5 5.1 4.5 11.8 6.0 4.3 28.3 0.3
0.61
Y 13 8.3 1.9 12.6 2.8 77.8 6.1 2.8 54.1 6.9 3.0 53.8 0.23
S 6 7 0.8 4.1 4.1 0.9 2.3 1.9 17.4 2.2 2.2 0.6 0.4 0.44
total 76 10.7 2.2 127.5 87.6 31.3 67.6 49.2 27.2 63 43.9 29.8 0.6 0.77
III. APPLICATION IN OILFIELD DEVELOPMENT
The study area is mainly lithologic oil reservoir, Structural lithologic composite reservoir is secondary.
The main oil-bearing formation for Fu Yang, Reservoir distribution in space is not stable. During oil field
exploration and development, gradually exposed the problems of sand body distribution
of lateral connectivity, longitudinal thickness change quickly, In reservoir evaluation stage, the oil test
data, optimize the development objective layers, the distribution of oil and water clear development
block, provides the reference for the oilfield development; Based on the existing proven reserves, combined
with the understanding of the above, the reasonable design and development program, has important
significance for economic and effective development of oilfield.
IV. PROSPECTS
For tectonic, sedimentary, oil water distribution, reservoir types, dynamic test data analysis, concluding
can provide reliable basis for establishing a reasonable reservoir model, so as to guide the scientific and
reasonable development of oilfield.
5. Several opinions on reservoir evaluation of X Oil blocks
International organization of Scientific Research 55 | P a g e
Combining oil source condition, fault condition, reservoir condition, hydrocarbon accumulation and
production well and so on, providing guidance to the research area of water development planning.
The use of well test analysis results to establish the dynamic geological model for reservoir prediction
is reasonable, at the same time using the probe radius, boundary conditions, can provide a reliable basis for
reasonable development plan; using dynamic test data to judge reservoir scale, given the production intensity,
flow pressure parameters;Using material balance method is for single well controlled reserves, for oilfield
development to provide first-hand information, in the broad application prospect in oilfield development.
V. CONCLUSIONS
Reservoir evaluation is the binding site between exploration and development, playing a decisive role.
The real effect of the level of awareness of the underground decided to develop the, therefore, reservoir
evaluation work is of great significance.
REFERENCES
[1] New proven oil reserves report Ma Yanling Zhong Shuming Wang Yanhui Li Yanhua, Production
project of exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oil Field Co in 2005