Keynote given at the Munin conference in Tromsø, Norway in November 2011. Describes an overview of the technology and social challenges of scholarly communication in a networked world and discusses social filtering and discovery technologies that might help with scholarly communication information overload.
Polymers are large molecules composed of repeated chemical units. The smallest repeating unit is called monomer (mono [Single] + mer [part]). The word polymer is derived from the Greek word „poly‟ = many; mers = parts. It is generally described in terms of single repeated units
Polymers are large molecules composed of repeated chemical units. The smallest repeating unit is called monomer (mono [Single] + mer [part]). The word polymer is derived from the Greek word „poly‟ = many; mers = parts. It is generally described in terms of single repeated units
dna sequencing is the one of the most important technique in today's biotech field and in this ppt I cover up the most imporatant techniques of DNA sequencing methods
In this lesson, students will explore the structure and function of DNA. First, students will explore the structure of DNA by building a model. Next, they will explore DNA’s physical characteristics by isolating it from cheek cells. These lessons will give students an opportunity to visualize many characteristics of DNA.
DNA
history
structure
X-Ray diffraction image of DNA
base pairing principle
base pairs
bonding patterns of DNA
base stacking different conformations of DNA
different forms of DNA
function of DNA
replication
encoding information
mutation/recombination
gene expression
Application of DNA
Research Excellence is a Neo-Colonial AgendaCameron Neylon
Talk given at the On Think Tanks meeting in Geneva in February 2019. Discusses the way in which research excellence is constructed and tends to 'internationalise' networks. Using the Sabato-Botana triangle as a model it argues for the importance of localism and the need for contextualised conceptions of excellence if research is to deliver value for the communities that support it.
Network Enabled Research: Connectivity, groups and growth in the production o...Cameron Neylon
We often talk about “research networks” for projects. Our measures of research quality are often based on networks of citations. Social media networks are increasingly important in internal and external communications of research. Usually we think about these things as external technologies that have affected how we do things. Social technologies of funding intended to drive collaboration, data collection technologies that let us think about not just one link between articles but the characteristics of the whole system, communications technologies with new possibilities. But to think of these as external effects is to miss the fact that the networks have always been there. What has changed is their density and interconnection. We can actually turn the question around. Rather than ask what impact social media networks have had on research, we should ask what changes were occurring that required something like social media to be developed? For science to continue growing, it needs more complex and larger networks to be formed. What are the characteristics of systems that support that? How do we design scholarship as networks so that it can continue to grow?
Excellence is a neo-colonial agenda...and what we can do aboutCameron Neylon
Slides from a keynote at the meeting 'Perspectives of Research Excellence in the Global South' - argues that considering research excellence as a neo-colonial agenda helps to defuse the dangers that a North Atlantic attitude to 'biblio-excellence' creates but also offers opportunities for developing and transitional countries to take a leadership role on the future of research policy
Will we still know ourselves? Identity and Community in a Transforming Knowle...Cameron Neylon
Keynote given at the NFAIS 2018 meeting in Alexandria, Virginia, USA on 28 February 2018
The world of information is transforming at a bewildering pace. The assumptions of yesterday, the stable institutions and cherished practices increasingly seem to be vanishing before our eyes. The first assumption of any new strategy seems to be “what would this look like if we built it from scratch, today”. And yet continuity matters, we don’t build new tools, institutions and practices from scratch, they evolve in a messy and contingent way from what we have available to us in the moment.
In this talk, Neylon unpicks the underlying drivers of change, and how they are coupled to a long history of how we manage information. Neylon will discuss how the different perspectives of important groups—scholars, publishers, funders, platform providers and the myriad of information professionals—lead to a partial focus that can make us simultaneously fearful of the change we see and blind to the shifts that actually matter.
If the arc of history bends towards justice then it follows that the arc of our knowledge and information environment necessarily bends towards greater scale and greater diversity. At the same time it is the values that underpin scholarship and the various ways in which we identify with the project of building knowledge, that drive us forward. If we are to take advantage of change, we need to understand what it is that must stay the same.
Beyond Open: Culture and Scaling in the Making of KnowledgeCameron Neylon
Open Access, Open Science, Open Government, Open Education. We often see these as new movements, set against an old world of broken – and closed – systems of scholarship and education. New technologies, primarily the web, have lifted the veil from our eyes to let us see this new world. If only we could build the right technology...mandate the right behavior then a new utopia of open scholarship will be upon us! The problem with this view is that it sees the disruption of the web as a one-off event that once worked through will provide a solution for all time. Framed that way this is obviously not true, but the challenge goes deeper than that. Scholarship, in its western institutionalized forms, has increased in scale continuously for at least 400 and possibly 2000 years. No social or institutional system can scale continuously over several order of magnitude. Therefore we must expect structural historical breaks.
The question is not how to fix scholarship, but how on earth it has managed to last this long? I will argue that what sits at the core of this survival is a set of normative cultural values that privilege openness. Their application has been far from perfect but the concepts of communication, criticism, civility and inclusion have deep roots in our institutions and communities. At the same time community and identity are critical to scholarship, and both of these imply exclusion and boundary work to define community. My argument is that the culture, forms and values of western scholarship have held these two tendencies in productive tension, allowing the academy to address the ongoing scaling (and consequent inclusion) problem through social, technical and economic innovation. Our challenge is not simply to solve today's problems, but to re-imagine our institutions so that they continuously generate and are able to adopt the innovations necessary to continue to solve the scaling problem into the indefinite future.
Slides for a presentation to the SCONUL conference in 2015. Focusses on the idea that there is an ongoing shift from working within life cycles to networks in the research world
Slides for a talk given at the Centro Cultural de la Ciencia in Buenos Aires on 4 September 2017. The opportunities and challenges for open research practices become more complex as those practices become common. Is open research just “good research” or is it a fundamental change in our approach? I will argue that seeing open research in oppositional terms is not productive, and that thinking of it as an ongoing process of opening up practice that has been ongoing for centuries may make implementation and adoptions easier and more rapid.
Openness in Scholarship: A return to core values?Cameron Neylon
The debate over the meaning, and value, of open movements has intensified. The fear of co-option of various efforts from Open Access to Open Data is driving a reassessment and re-definition of what is intended by “open”. In this article I apply group level models from cultural studies and economics to argue that the tension between exclusionary group formation and identity and aspirations towards inclusion and openness are a natural part of knowledge- making. Situating the traditional Western Scientific Knowledge System as a culture-made group, I argue that the institutional forms that support the group act as economic underwriters for the process by which groups creating exclusive knowledge invest in the process of making it more accessible, less exclusive, and more public-good-like, in exchange for receiving excludable goods that sustain the group. A necessary consequence of this is that our institutions will be conservative in their assessment of what knowledge-goods are worth of consideration and who is allowed within those institutional systems. Nonetheless the inclusion of new perspectives and increasing diversity underpins the production of general knowledge. I suggest that instead of positioning openness as new, and in opposition to traditional closed systems, it may be more productive to adopt a narrative in which efforts to increase inclusion are seen as a very old, core value of the academy, albeit one that is a constant work in progress.
dna sequencing is the one of the most important technique in today's biotech field and in this ppt I cover up the most imporatant techniques of DNA sequencing methods
In this lesson, students will explore the structure and function of DNA. First, students will explore the structure of DNA by building a model. Next, they will explore DNA’s physical characteristics by isolating it from cheek cells. These lessons will give students an opportunity to visualize many characteristics of DNA.
DNA
history
structure
X-Ray diffraction image of DNA
base pairing principle
base pairs
bonding patterns of DNA
base stacking different conformations of DNA
different forms of DNA
function of DNA
replication
encoding information
mutation/recombination
gene expression
Application of DNA
Research Excellence is a Neo-Colonial AgendaCameron Neylon
Talk given at the On Think Tanks meeting in Geneva in February 2019. Discusses the way in which research excellence is constructed and tends to 'internationalise' networks. Using the Sabato-Botana triangle as a model it argues for the importance of localism and the need for contextualised conceptions of excellence if research is to deliver value for the communities that support it.
Network Enabled Research: Connectivity, groups and growth in the production o...Cameron Neylon
We often talk about “research networks” for projects. Our measures of research quality are often based on networks of citations. Social media networks are increasingly important in internal and external communications of research. Usually we think about these things as external technologies that have affected how we do things. Social technologies of funding intended to drive collaboration, data collection technologies that let us think about not just one link between articles but the characteristics of the whole system, communications technologies with new possibilities. But to think of these as external effects is to miss the fact that the networks have always been there. What has changed is their density and interconnection. We can actually turn the question around. Rather than ask what impact social media networks have had on research, we should ask what changes were occurring that required something like social media to be developed? For science to continue growing, it needs more complex and larger networks to be formed. What are the characteristics of systems that support that? How do we design scholarship as networks so that it can continue to grow?
Excellence is a neo-colonial agenda...and what we can do aboutCameron Neylon
Slides from a keynote at the meeting 'Perspectives of Research Excellence in the Global South' - argues that considering research excellence as a neo-colonial agenda helps to defuse the dangers that a North Atlantic attitude to 'biblio-excellence' creates but also offers opportunities for developing and transitional countries to take a leadership role on the future of research policy
Will we still know ourselves? Identity and Community in a Transforming Knowle...Cameron Neylon
Keynote given at the NFAIS 2018 meeting in Alexandria, Virginia, USA on 28 February 2018
The world of information is transforming at a bewildering pace. The assumptions of yesterday, the stable institutions and cherished practices increasingly seem to be vanishing before our eyes. The first assumption of any new strategy seems to be “what would this look like if we built it from scratch, today”. And yet continuity matters, we don’t build new tools, institutions and practices from scratch, they evolve in a messy and contingent way from what we have available to us in the moment.
In this talk, Neylon unpicks the underlying drivers of change, and how they are coupled to a long history of how we manage information. Neylon will discuss how the different perspectives of important groups—scholars, publishers, funders, platform providers and the myriad of information professionals—lead to a partial focus that can make us simultaneously fearful of the change we see and blind to the shifts that actually matter.
If the arc of history bends towards justice then it follows that the arc of our knowledge and information environment necessarily bends towards greater scale and greater diversity. At the same time it is the values that underpin scholarship and the various ways in which we identify with the project of building knowledge, that drive us forward. If we are to take advantage of change, we need to understand what it is that must stay the same.
Beyond Open: Culture and Scaling in the Making of KnowledgeCameron Neylon
Open Access, Open Science, Open Government, Open Education. We often see these as new movements, set against an old world of broken – and closed – systems of scholarship and education. New technologies, primarily the web, have lifted the veil from our eyes to let us see this new world. If only we could build the right technology...mandate the right behavior then a new utopia of open scholarship will be upon us! The problem with this view is that it sees the disruption of the web as a one-off event that once worked through will provide a solution for all time. Framed that way this is obviously not true, but the challenge goes deeper than that. Scholarship, in its western institutionalized forms, has increased in scale continuously for at least 400 and possibly 2000 years. No social or institutional system can scale continuously over several order of magnitude. Therefore we must expect structural historical breaks.
The question is not how to fix scholarship, but how on earth it has managed to last this long? I will argue that what sits at the core of this survival is a set of normative cultural values that privilege openness. Their application has been far from perfect but the concepts of communication, criticism, civility and inclusion have deep roots in our institutions and communities. At the same time community and identity are critical to scholarship, and both of these imply exclusion and boundary work to define community. My argument is that the culture, forms and values of western scholarship have held these two tendencies in productive tension, allowing the academy to address the ongoing scaling (and consequent inclusion) problem through social, technical and economic innovation. Our challenge is not simply to solve today's problems, but to re-imagine our institutions so that they continuously generate and are able to adopt the innovations necessary to continue to solve the scaling problem into the indefinite future.
Slides for a presentation to the SCONUL conference in 2015. Focusses on the idea that there is an ongoing shift from working within life cycles to networks in the research world
Slides for a talk given at the Centro Cultural de la Ciencia in Buenos Aires on 4 September 2017. The opportunities and challenges for open research practices become more complex as those practices become common. Is open research just “good research” or is it a fundamental change in our approach? I will argue that seeing open research in oppositional terms is not productive, and that thinking of it as an ongoing process of opening up practice that has been ongoing for centuries may make implementation and adoptions easier and more rapid.
Openness in Scholarship: A return to core values?Cameron Neylon
The debate over the meaning, and value, of open movements has intensified. The fear of co-option of various efforts from Open Access to Open Data is driving a reassessment and re-definition of what is intended by “open”. In this article I apply group level models from cultural studies and economics to argue that the tension between exclusionary group formation and identity and aspirations towards inclusion and openness are a natural part of knowledge- making. Situating the traditional Western Scientific Knowledge System as a culture-made group, I argue that the institutional forms that support the group act as economic underwriters for the process by which groups creating exclusive knowledge invest in the process of making it more accessible, less exclusive, and more public-good-like, in exchange for receiving excludable goods that sustain the group. A necessary consequence of this is that our institutions will be conservative in their assessment of what knowledge-goods are worth of consideration and who is allowed within those institutional systems. Nonetheless the inclusion of new perspectives and increasing diversity underpins the production of general knowledge. I suggest that instead of positioning openness as new, and in opposition to traditional closed systems, it may be more productive to adopt a narrative in which efforts to increase inclusion are seen as a very old, core value of the academy, albeit one that is a constant work in progress.
Interpreting Shadows on the Elephant in the RoomCameron Neylon
Talk on the economics of sustainability models for scholarly communication given at ScienceEurope/LIBER workshop in Antwerp on 27 April 2017. Focuses on very fundamental issues of what happens in economic terms with scholarly communication and how cultural institutuions as well as formal institutions play a key role in supporting groups, clubs in economic terms, that take knowledge and covert to being more public like.
Sustainable Futures for Research CommunicationCameron Neylon
Slides for a talk given at Duke University on 7 October 2016. The talk focusses on political economics of scholarly publishing and routes forward to finding equitable and affordable ways to shift to Open Access.
How can we invest in future development of scholarly communications. Whose role is it and who is paying? In this talk, given at the UKSG meeting in 2016 I use the lens of culture to ask how scholarly communications needs to change, and where the opportunities lie for researchers and publishers.
No stories without evidence, no evidence without storiesCameron Neylon
Talk given at Sydney University on 4 August 2015.
Across many parts of our lives we are faced with the increasing availability of data to support decision making. With every element of the research process moving online, there are many new sources of data, as well as improved old sources of data, that can provide information on the performance, value and use of research and researchers.
But there is a problem. The proliferation of proxy data, and their naive equation with such weakly defined concepts as “quality” and “excellence”, have lead to a reliance on rankings and quantitative measures as institutional targets. More than this the adoption of these instrumental targets has lead us away from a critical discussion of institutional values, indeed of what the institution is for.
I will argue that it is only by moving away from such vague terms as “quality”, “excellence” and “impact” and focussing on institutional values and a well articulated mission that institutions of scholarship will continue to be relevant for the future. It is through interrogating the goals of the institution that the enormous potential resource of data on the research enterprise can be realised. Using the data effectively will allow us a window on how knowledge actually moves and is used. In combination with a clear sense of institutional goals this provides great opportunities for institutions to differentiate themselves from the pack.
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
Dynamic QR codes: These also have all the advanced features but are subscription-based. They can directly link to PDF files, images, micro-landing pages, social accounts, review forms, business pages, and applications. In addition, they can be branded with CTAs, frames, patterns, colors, and logos to enhance your branding.
Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
6. @communicating Plausible Accuracy PIERRE LINDENBAUM Mummi Thorissson
John Fabiana Kubke Richard Grant Pedro Beltrao
Neil Saunders Steve Wilson @gnat Branwen Hide Simon Coles
Dupuis Simon Philips Pawel Szcsesny Paul Miller
Tony Hey Jeremy Frey Nico Adams Richard Akerman Cavalli Gabriel
JonMat Todd Stephen BrennerTim O’Reilly Noel Gorelick
Dave de Roure Rich Apodaca
Udell ISIS LSS Group Jeremiah Faith Jean-Claude Bradley
Nicholas Cole
Michael Barton JOHN WILLINSKY Phil Lord Victoria
Stodden Martyn Bull
Stephen Friend David CrottyClay Shirky @t John Cumbers
Bora Chris Leonard Grace BaynesEva Amsen Egon
Willighagen Mark Borkum
Brian Kelly Tony Williams Dan Hagon Maxine Clarke Andrew Milsted
Zivkovic Mitch Koch Lab Michael Nielsen
Martin Fenner Steph Hannon
WaldropGreg Wilson Brian Matthews Leigh Dodds Bill Hooker
Glyn Moody Yaroslav Nikolaev Jenny Rohn Rafael Sidi Lee Smolin
Frank NormanRicardo Vidal Iain Emsley Paulo Nuin Ariel Waldmann
Timo HannayKen Shankland Lorie LeJeune
Jonathan Gray PT Sefton
Microsoft STFC Deepak Singh Shirley Wu ISIS Computing Group Helen Berman
Andrew Peter Binfield Benjamin Good Dorothea Salo Liz Lyons PLoS
Kasarskis Jen Dodd Lee Dirks Peter Murray-Rust Richard Akerman
Carole Goble Jon Eisen Jenny Hale Lakshmi Shastry Steve Koch NPG Ben Goldacre
Chad OrzelBill Flanagan Jon Tansley Michael Eisen Matt Wood
SciFoo
2008/9
Friendfeed Hope Leman Rufus Pollock Victor HenningGoogle Björn Brembs
Jo BadgeAllyson Lister Lisa Green TIM HUBBARD Rebecca Goulding
campers Euan Adie John Andy Powell Harry Collins Gavin Bell Jim Downing
Matt Johnson Wilbanks Mike Ellis DUNCAN HULL Garret Lisi Jamie McQuay
ALAN CANN Catherine Jones Andrew Farke Gavin Baker Peter Suber
Sabine HossenfelderFlickr The BioGangKevin KellyPaul Walk
Arfon Smith
Kaitlin Thaney Richard Curry Atilla Csordas Ian Mulvany
Wednesday, 14 December 11
30. Sortase-Mediated Ligation
group, and finally attachment to the solid support. In addition the
use of intein based methods as well as the preparation of the solid
support for Staudinger ligation often require reagents such as
phosphines or thiophenols that are toxic and difficult to handle.
Therefore there remains a significant need for robust and simple
methodologies for protein immobilization that can be applied to
wide range of proteins and solid supports. The identification of the
Sortase transpeptidase [19] provided an alternative approach to
protein ligation. Sortases recognise a specific peptide sequence
(LPETG for SrtA of S. aureus used in this work) in proteins targeted
for covalent attachment to the cell wall peptidoglycan. The peptide
tag sequence is cleaved and then ligated to the pentaglycine moiety
on the peptidoglycan precursor Lipid II. Proteins expressed with the
C-terminal recognition sequence can be covalently attached to a wide
range of constructs with an N-terminal glycine amide motif including
peptides [20], PNA [21], full length proteins [22] and small molecule
substrates [23]. Another group has independently described an
Figure 1. Ligation of fluorescent proteins to polymer beads. (a) GMA
example of Sortase mediated ligation to a beaded solid support [22]. beads modified with one, two, or four glycine residues were incubated
These reactions proceed under aqueous conditions without the with EGFP-LPETGG-His6 and Sortase. Samples were taken at specific
addition of any further reagents beyond the protein, ligation time points and analyzed on a BD FACSAria. Controls contained beads
substrate, and Sortase. Thus Sortase has the potential to provide with no glycine or diglycine beads without Sortase. Error bars showing
a means of linking expressed proteins to a wide range of solid the standard error in the mean fluorescence are omitted as they are
supports which is mild, selective, and can be carried out in a single generally smaller than the data symbols. Errors are given in
Supplementary Data S2.
step. Here we investigate the ability of S. aureus SrtA to ligate proteins doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001164.g001
to a range of solid supports.
sequence unrelated to TerB in binding buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl,
RESULTS 250 mM KCl, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM DTT, pH 9). The total
Plasmid vectors were constructed for the expression of Blue DNA concentration (Ter plus nonspecific DNA) was 100 nM for
fluorescent protein (BFP, Q-Biogene), Enhanced Green Fluores- all samples. The fluorescein and Cy5 fluorescence of the beads was
...when we publish...
cent Protein (EGFP), a red fluorescent protein (DsRed), and the determined by FACS analysis. Non-specific DNA binding was
sequence specific DNA binding protein Tus [24] with a C- very low in all cases, consistent with the low affinity of Tus for non-
terminal LPETGG sequence followed by a hexahistidine tag. The specific DNA in 250 mM KCl [25]. Ter binding showed
proteins were expressed in BL21(DE3) and purified before a concentration dependence that was consistent with an
attachment to solid supports. equilibrium dissociation constant of 2968 nM (Figure 3), which
Our first target was the immobilization of proteins onto cross- compares well with values of KD measured by fluorescence
linked polymer beads. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) beads were anisotropy (,15 nM at 37uC) or Biacore (,1 nM at 25uC) [25].
modified with a spacer followed by one, two, or four glycine To demonstrate attachment to other solid supports a beaded
residues. Mono-glycine, di-glycine, and tetra-glycine beads were
agarose affinity support (Affi-Gel 102 resin, Bio-Rad) was modified
incubated with EGFP-LPETGG-His6 (85 mM) and His6-Sortase A
Wednesday, 14 December 11
77. group, and finally attachment to the solid support. In addition the
use of intein based methods as well as the preparation of the solid
support for Staudinger ligation often require reagents such as
phosphines or thiophenols that are toxic and difficult to handle.
Therefore there remains a significant need for robust and simple
methodologies for protein immobilization that can be applied to
wide range of proteins and solid supports. The identification of the
Sortase transpeptidase [19] provided an alternative approach to
protein ligation. Sortases recognise a specific peptide sequence
(LPETG for SrtA of S. aureus used in this work) in proteins targeted
for covalent attachment to the cell wall peptidoglycan. The peptide
tag sequence is cleaved and then ligated to the pentaglycine moiety
on the peptidoglycan precursor Lipid II. Proteins expressed with the
C-terminal recognition sequence can be covalently attached to a wide
range of constructs with an N-terminal glycine amide motif including
peptides [20], PNA [21], full length proteins [22] and small molecule
substrates [23]. Another group has independently described an
Figure 1. Ligation of fluorescent proteins to polymer beads. (a) GMA
example of Sortase mediated ligation to a beaded solid support [22].
All of this information...data....
beads modified with one, two, or four glycine residues were incubated
These reactions proceed under aqueous conditions without the with EGFP-LPETGG-His6 and Sortase. Samples were taken at specific
addition of any further reagents beyond the protein, ligation time points and analyzed on a BD FACSAria. Controls contained beads
substrate, and Sortase. Thus Sortase has the potential to provide with no glycine or diglycine beads without Sortase. Error bars showing
a means of linking expressed proteins to a wide range of solid the standard error in the mean fluorescence are omitted as they are
supports which is mild, selective, and can be carried out in a single generally smaller than the data symbols. Errors are given in
Supplementary Data S2.
step. Here we investigate the ability of S. aureus SrtA to ligate proteins doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001164.g001
to a range of solid supports.
Wednesday, 14 December 11
78. All of this information...data....
Wednesday, 14 December 11
79. All of this information...data....
Wednesday, 14 December 11
80. All of this information...data....
Wednesday, 14 December 11
81. All of this information...data....
Wednesday, 14 December 11
82. All of this information...data....
Wednesday, 14 December 11
106. Remember this graph?
30
Retractions per 100k publications
25
20
15
10
5
0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year
Wednesday, 14 December 11
107. Remember this graph?
30
Retractions per 100k publications
25
20
15
10
5
0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year
Where is the data from?
Wednesday, 14 December 11
108. Remember this graph?
30
Retractions per 100k publications
25
20
15
10
5
0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year
https://github.com/neilfws/PubMed/blob/master/data/retractions.txt
Where is the data from?
Wednesday, 14 December 11
109. Remember this graph?
30
Retractions per 100k publications
25
20
15
10
5
0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year
https://github.com/neilfws/PubMed/blob/master/data/retractions.txt
Where is the data from?
Wednesday, 14 December 11
110. But how did I discover it?
Wednesday, 14 December 11
116. @communicating Plausible Accuracy PIERRE LINDENBAUM Mummi Thorissson
John Fabiana Kubke Richard Grant Pedro Beltrao
Neil Saunders Steve Wilson @gnat Branwen Hide Simon Coles
Dupuis Simon Philips Pawel Szcsesny Paul Miller
Tony Hey Jeremy Frey Nico Adams Richard Akerman Cavalli Gabriel
JonMat Todd Stephen BrennerTim O’Reilly Noel Gorelick
Dave de Roure Rich Apodaca
Udell ISIS LSS Group Jeremiah Faith Jean-Claude Bradley
Nicholas Cole
Michael Barton JOHN WILLINSKY Phil Lord Victoria
Stodden Martyn Bull
Stephen Friend David CrottyClay Shirky @t John Cumbers
Bora Chris Leonard Grace BaynesEva Amsen Egon
Willighagen Mark Borkum
Brian Kelly Tony Williams Dan Hagon Maxine Clarke Andrew Milsted
Zivkovic Mitch Koch Lab Michael Nielsen
Martin Fenner Steph Hannon
WaldropGreg Wilson Brian Matthews Leigh Dodds Bill Hooker
Glyn Moody Yaroslav Nikolaev Jenny Rohn Rafael Sidi Lee Smolin
Frank NormanRicardo Vidal Iain Emsley Paulo Nuin Ariel Waldmann
Timo HannayKen Shankland Lorie LeJeune
Jonathan Gray PT Sefton
Microsoft STFC Deepak Singh Shirley Wu ISIS Computing Group Helen Berman
Andrew Peter Binfield Benjamin Good Dorothea Salo Liz Lyons PLoS
Kasarskis Jen Dodd Lee Dirks Peter Murray-Rust Richard Akerman
Carole Goble Jon Eisen Jenny Hale Lakshmi Shastry Steve Koch NPG Ben Goldacre
Chad OrzelBill Flanagan Jon Tansley Michael Eisen Matt Wood
SciFoo
2008/9
Friendfeed Hope Leman Rufus Pollock Victor HenningGoogle Björn Brembs
Jo BadgeAllyson Lister Lisa Green TIM HUBBARD Rebecca Goulding
campers Euan Adie John Andy Powell Harry Collins Gavin Bell Jim Downing
Matt Johnson Wilbanks Mike Ellis DUNCAN HULL Garret Lisi Jamie McQuay
ALAN CANN Catherine Jones Andrew Farke Gavin Baker Peter Suber
Sabine HossenfelderFlickr The BioGangKevin KellyPaul Walk
Arfon Smith
Kaitlin Thaney Richard Curry Atilla Csordas Ian Mulvany
Wednesday, 14 December 11