The document discusses using porous material technology to enable homogeneous combustion in internal combustion engines and lower emissions. It begins with an introduction to internal combustion engines and the need to reduce emissions from fossil fuel combustion. It then explains the differences between conventional spark ignition and compression ignition engines. The main points are that porous materials can be used to achieve homogeneous air-fuel mixing, vaporization, and simultaneous combustion throughout the engine cylinder. This homogeneous combustion using porous material technology allows for near-zero emissions compared to traditional combustion methods. The document outlines the various phases of introducing fuel and air, vaporization within the porous material, homogeneous mixing, and thermal ignition throughout the porous material volume, which serves as the combustion chamber. This

1. MEWAR UNIVERSITY
Presentation Topic: “COMBUSTION IN IC ENGINE
AND POROUS MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR
LOWER EMISSION”.
Submitted by… Submitted to….
Rayees Bhat Mr. Sunil Kumar Katheria
B-Tech Mech.
3rd year
MUR1400118
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2. CONTENT
 Introduction
 Conventional Combustion Processes
 Basic Differences
 Necessary conditions for Future Engine
 Homogeneous Combustion
 New concept of mixture preparation for
homogeneous combustion in engines using PM
Technology
 Combustion using PM Technology
 Main Phases of MDI System using PM Technology
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3. INTRODUCTION
 Internal Combustion engines are used in almost every
automobiles, motor cycle, ships, etc which are working
by burning fossil fuels like petrol, diesel etc.
 First commercially successful IC engine was created by
E Lenoir around 1859 and the first modern IC engine
was created in 1876 by Nikolaus Otto.
 As fossil fuels are non renewable resources , so one
day they will depleted.
 Combustion of these fossil fuels add greenhouse and
other harmful gases to our environment.
 Enormous efforts have been made on this field to
reduce the amount of specific fuel consumption and the
level of emission of an IC engine.
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4.  Several futuristic concepts are there to reduce the
emission level. All these concepts are depend on how
efficient the combustion process is.
 Homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is one
such concept to achieve near-zero emission level in an
IC engine.
 Porous material (PM) technology is used to achieve
homogenous combustion within the engine which
ultimately reduce the emission of an IC engine.
Conventional combustion processes.
Generally combustion process are divided into two types:
 Spark Ignition
 Compression Ignition
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5. BASIC DIFFERENCES ARE:
SI engine
 Air-fuel mixtures enter into
the cylinder during suction
stroke.
 Spark plug is used to
initiate the combustion
process.
 Single flame front is
present.
 AF mixture inside the
cylinder is highly
homogenous.
CI engine
 Only air enter into the
cylinder during suction
stroke.
 Depends upon the self
ignition process to start
combustion.
 Multiple flame front is
present.
 AF mixture inside the
cylinder is highly non
homogenous.
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6. NECESSARY CONDITIONS FOR FUTURE
ENGINE
 Operation with a stoichiometric charge for high
power density (full load operational conditions).
 Operation with a lean charge for low specific fuel
consumption (part load operational conditions).
 The air-fuel mixture should be homogenous in
nature and the whole air-fuel mixture should be in
vapour state.
 Realization of homogeneous combustion, for all
mixture compositions for the lowest combustion
emissions.
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7. HOMOGENOUS COMBUSTION
 The process of homogeneous combustion can be defined
as a process in which a 3D-ignition (volumetric) of the
homogeneous (premixed) charge is followed by
simultaneous (no flame front) heat release in the whole
combustion chamber volume characterized by a
homogenous temperature field.
 There are four basic arts of ignition that may be realized
in I.C. engine :
1. Local ignition (e.g. spark plug)
2. Compression ignition
3. Controlled-auto-ignition (chemical ignition)
4. 3D-thermal-PM-ignition (thermal ignition in a porous
medium volume). 7

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9. NEW CONCEPT OF MIXTURE PREPARATION FOR
HOMOGENEOUS COMBUSTION IN ENGINES USING
POROUS MEDIUM TECHNOLOGY
 Important features of a highly porous media are: large
specific surface area, high porosity, high heat capacity,
excellent heat transfer properties (especially heat
radiation), variability of structure, pore density and pore
geometry, high thermal and mechanical stability.
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10. Most important engine processes that may be supported by the
PM technology. 10

11. COMBUSTION USING PM TECHNOLOGY
 Fuel injection in PM-volume: especially unique
features of liquid jet distribution and
homogenization throughout the PM-volume (effect
of self homogenization) is very attractive for fast
mixture formation and its homogenization in the PM
volume.
 Fuel vaporization in PM-volume: combination of
large heat capacity of the PM-material, large
specific surface area with excellent heat transfer in
PM volume make the liquid fuel vaporization very
fast and complete. Here two different conditions of
the process have to be considered: vaporization
with presence and without presence of combustion
air.
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12.  Mixing and homogenization in PM-volume: Unique
features of the flow properties inside 3D-structures allow
very effective mixing and homogenization in PM-volume.
 3D-thermal-PM-ignition (if PM temperature is at least
equal to ignition temperature under certain
thermodynamic properties and mixture composition):
There is a new kind of ignition, especially effective if the
PM-volume creates the combustion chamber volume.
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13. Principle of a PM-engine concept.
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14. Main Phases of MDI System using PM
Technology
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