More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to I 3300 51 Apologetics Part 5a
Similar to I 3300 51 Apologetics Part 5a (20)
More from S Meyer
More from S Meyer (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
I 3300 51 Apologetics Part 5a
- 1. Part 5 Why Should I Trust the
- 5. Part 4 Why should I trust the Bible 1. Mistranslated/Miscopied 2. Not Historical 3. Picked by a committee 4. Contradicts 5. Written by Men
- 7. The bible was translated, re- translated, and re-translated; copied, re-copied, and re-copied so that what we have today is different from what they wrote
- 9. How we got the Bible
- 10. Old Testament Autographs Hebrew MSS Greek LXX Dead Sea Scrolls Greek OT Hebrew OT Latin Bible 1400 - 400 BC 100 BC - 100 AD 400 AD 2021 AD Old Testament
- 11. NT Autographs Greek NT Manuscripts Latin Bible Greek NT Coptic NT Syriac 50 - 90 AD 100 - 200 AD 400 AD New Testament
- 12. OT Autographs NT Autographs Greek NT MSS Hebrew MSS Greek OT Dead Sea Scrolls Latin Bible Modern Bibles Modern Bibles
- 13. Citations of the OT & NT OT Citations in Prayer Books 200 AD OT Citations in The Talmud 200 - 500 AD OT Citations in The New Testament 50 - 90 AD NT Citations in the Ante/Post Nicene Fathers 200 - 500 AD OT Citations in Pseudepirapha 300 BC - 100 AD NT Citations in the Ancient Church Liturgy 200 - 500 AD Old Testament New Testament
- 14. ESV (2011) Oldest Copy of King James Bible, 1611
- 15. Leningrad Codex, National Library of Russia in Saint Petersburg, 1008 AD Masoretic Text, 600 AD
- 16. Aleppo Codex, Israel Museum in Jerusalem, 900 AD Masoretic Text, 600 AD
- 17. Codex Amiatinus, Latin Vulgate, British Museum 700 AD Latin Vulgate 400 AD
- 18. Codex Sinaiticus, British Museum 330 AD Greek Septuagint 100 BC
- 19. Great Isaiah Scroll (Q1 Isa a), Israel Museum in Jerusalem, 300 BC
- 20. Compare Historical Documents Author Date Earliest Copy # Copies Author Date Earliest Copy # Copies Plato 100 BC 900 AD 7 Herodotus 400 BC 900 AD 8 Homer 300 BC 1100 AD 643 Josephus 80 AD 1050 AD 120 Julius Caesar 100 BC 900 AD 10 NT Greek 90 AD 200 AD 5,800 Aristotle 300 BC 1100 AD 5 NT Other 90 AD 400 AD 19,300 Tacitus 100 AD 1100 AD 20
- 21. With so many copies of the Bible How can you tell which reading is the original one?
- 22. • Which copy of the Gettysburg address contains the original reading of Lincoln’s speech? Which copy is a forgery? Gettysburg Address 19 November 1863
- 23. Nicolay Copy (1863) It is rather for us, the living… …and that government of the people by the people for the people, shall not perish from the earth. http://www.virtualgettysburg.com/exhibit/lincoln/feature.html
- 24. Nicolay Copy Library of Congress (1863) Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that "all men are created equal". Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle field of that war. We come to dedicate a portion of it, as a final resting place for those who died here, that the nation might live. This we may, in all propriety do. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow, this ground -- The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have hallowed it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here; while it can never forget what they did here. It is rather for us, the living, we here be dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that, from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here, gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve these dead shall not have died in vain; that the nation, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people by the people for the people, shall not perish from the earth. http://www.virtualgettysburg.com/exhibit/lincoln/feature.html
- 25. Hay Copy Library of Congress (1863) It is for us, the living… and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. http://www.virtualgettysburg.com/exhibit/lincoln/feature.html
- 26. Hay Copy Library of Congress (1863) Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met here on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled, here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have, thus far, so nobly carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. http://www.virtualgettysburg.com/exhibit/lincoln/feature.html
- 27. Bancroft Copy Cornell University (1864) It is for us the living, rather… —that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. http://www.virtualgettysburg.com/exhibit/lincoln/feature.html
- 28. Bancroft Copy Cornell University (1864) Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting- place for those who here gave their lives, that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. http://www.virtualgettysburg.com/exhibit/lincoln/feature.html
- 29. Everett Copy Illinois State Historical Library It is for us, the living, rather… —that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. http://www.virtualgettysburg.com/exhibit/lincoln/feature.html
- 30. Everett Copy Illinois State Historical Library Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives, that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here, have, thus far, so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom— and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. http://www.virtualgettysburg.com/exhibit/lincoln/feature.html
- 31. Bliss copy White House(1864) It is rather for us to be here … —that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. https://www.sethkaller.com/freedomdocuments/gettysburg-address/
- 32. Bliss Copy White House (1864) Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. http://www.virtualgettysburg.com/exhibit/lincoln/feature.html
- 33. Gettysburg Address Back of the Envelope copy (nd) It is for us the living, rather… that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. https://www.loc.gov/item/scsm000717/
- 34. Gettysburg Address Back of the Envelope copy (nd) Fake Missouri Museum reproduction Of the Bliss copy https://www.loc.gov/item/scsm000717/
- 35. Gettysburg Address Bliss Copy (1864) Believed to be actual speech because: 1. Eye witness testimony that Lincoln said “under God” 2. Written after the speech by Lincoln claiming to be what he said and not what he wrote. https://www.sethkaller.com/freedomdocuments/gettysburg-address/
- 37. The Exodus Story
- 39. Passover is a Myth Rabbi David Wolpe, Mt. Sinai Temple, Los Angeles Virtually every modern archaeologist who has investigated the story of the Exodus, with very few exceptions, agrees that the way the Bible describes the Exodus is not the way it happened, if it happened at all…It’s a well-known fact that millions of Jews have doubts about the literal veracity of Bible stories…I wanted the millions of doubting Jews to know that they can still be faithful Jews If scholarly books are written that question the literal veracity of Bible stories, it does not help our credibility to pretend that they don't exist (Los Angeles Times, April, 2001)
- 40. Passover is a Myth Israel Finkelstein, Archaeologist The Exodus story was written during the time of King Josiah of Judah in the 7th Century, 600 years after the Exodus supposedly occurred.” (The Bible Unearthed, 2002)
- 41. David Rohl, Exodus Myth or History (2015)
- 45. Semitic House in Avaris 1858 BC https://patternsofevidence.com/2019/06/01/artifacts-show-biblical-exodus/
- 46. Kahun Semitic Settlement dated 1450 BC
- 47. Brooklyn Papyrus 1800 BC https://patternsofevidence.com/2019/06/01/artifacts-show-biblical-exodus/
- 48. Yahweh inscription in Upper Egypt 1400 BC https://patternsofevidence.com/2019/06/01/artifacts-show-biblical-exodus/
- 50. Avaris Plague Burial Pit (1450 BC)
- 51. Jericho (9,000 BC to Present) Invasion of Canaan
- 53. Amarna Letter Canaanite King Akhenaten to Pharaoh Amenhotep III help against the invading Hapiru Army (1380 BC)
- 54. Excavation of Hazor 1400 BC
- 55. Kathleen Kenyon (1906 - 1978)
- 57. Tel Jericho, Archaeological Site
- 58. Balaam Insription KAI 312 Deir ‘alla Jordan 800 BC
- 59. Balaam Inscription Del ‘alla, Jordan (800 BC) The gods came to Balaam at night. And he beheld a vision in accordance with their utterance. The people came to Balaam, son of Beor: and asked "So what will happen? Will anybody survive the curse?” Balaam reported his vision to his friends: Then he said to them: "Be seated, and I will relate to you what El Shaddai has planned, “The gods had a meeting and decided to close up the heavens, spread out darkness, and disaster shall come upon the nation. Heed the warning of the gods.” And then disaster came upon the entire nation as he prophesied. https://www.livius.org/sources/content/deir-alla-inscription/
- 60. Proclamation of Cyrus of Persia
- 61. In the first year of Cyrus king of Persia…the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus …so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom and also put it in writing: “Thus says Cyrus king of Persia: The LORD, the God of heaven has …charged me to build him a house at Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Whoever is among you of all his people, may his God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem (Ezra 1:1–3 ESV)
- 62. Cyrus Cylinder 530 BC
Editor's Notes
- The media is filled with
- Have people do verbal telephone, But then have the three people hand me pieces of paper.
- Copies of the Bible Pass around copies of Hebrew and Greek.
- Copies of the Bible Pass around copies of Hebrew and Greek.
- Given to col. Alexander bliss, stepson of George Bancroft http://www.virtualgettysburg.com/exhibit/lincoln/feature.html
- Col George Bancroft Former sec of the navy
- Given to John Hay
- Forgery
- Forgery
- In a new book this year, “The Bible Unearthed,” Israeli archeologist Israel Finklestein of Tel Aviv University and archeological journalist Neil Asher Silberman raised similar doubts and offered a new theory about the roots of the Exodus story. The authors argue that the story was written during the time of King Josiah of Judah in the 7th century BC--600 years after the Exodus supposedly occurred in 1250 BC--as a political manifesto to unite Israelites against the rival Egyptian empire as both states sought to expand their territory.
- British Egyptologist Author of Exodus: myth or history Himself is an agnostic, and not a Bible believer
- Avarice and Kahun.
- At least 650 years before the Merneptah Stele was erected, a Syrian-styled house was built in Egypt’s Nile Delta at the site of Avaris. Its remains were unearthed by a team of Austrian excavators led by Manfred Bietak who recognized it as a “mittelsaalhaus” or “middle-room house.” It was part of a Semitic community that settled on virgin grassland near one of the branches of the Nile River. By examining the cultural materials left behind, the excavators concluded that the people had come from the Canaan area and settled with the permission of the Egyptian state – no walls surrounded this prosperous community. In the Bible, Abraham had come from Haran in north Syria, his son Isaac got his bride from there as well, and his son Jacob had lived in Haran for 20 years where his first 11 sons were born. When Jacob moved to Egypt during a drought with his family and flocks, Pharaoh freely gave him the best land in Egypt for grazing flocks. The Syrian-styled house would have been just the type of structure one would expect the leader of this clan would build for himself.
- One of the most common charges against the Bible’s exodus account is that there is no evidence of a massive Semitic slave population in Egypt in the era of Pharaoh Ramesses. However, in the earlier Middle Kingdom (13th Dynasty) there is evidence of Semitic settlements all across the northeast Nile Delta. A document from further south at this time lists nearly a hundred slaves from a single estate – the majority of whom were Semitic. The Bible says the Israelites became so numerous that they spread across Egypt. All the documents from the Nile Delta have rotted away because of the Nile floods that covered the area annually for thousands of years. So, we have no written records from the Delta Egypt. But this slave list from the south has dozens of slaves including the biblical forms of names like “Shiphrah” (the same name as the Hebrew midwife in the Exodus account), “Asher” and “Issachar.”
- In Sudan, upper Egypt dating to time of Amenhotep III, found the name of Yahweh Inscribed by slaves working there for the pharaoh The Exodus account makes it clear (in Exodus 5:2) that Pharaoh had never heard of Israel’s God YHWH. Yet at the ancient temple of Soleb in modern Sudan, an inscription from Pharaoh Amenhotep III (more than a hundred years before Ramesses II) lists enemies of Egypt. One of those enemies is the Shasu (nomads) of YHWH. This is the oldest known inscription to use the name “YHWH,” showing that after the Exodus Israel’s God was no longer unknown to the pharaohs
- Admonitions of an Egyptian sage Talks about disaster including river turning o blood, darkness, death of their children And widespread luting by slaves A papyrus housed in the Leiden Museum in the Netherlands records a time of great calamities in Egypt and the resulting chaos that occurred when society had broken down. Known as the Admonitions of an Egyptian Sage and also as the Ipuwer Papyrus, it uses several phrases early on that bear an uncanny similarity to the Exodus account. These include the river turning to blood, darkness, all is ruin, wailing throughout the land with no shortage of the dead and the slave taking what he finds, while gold, silver, and precious stones are strung on the necks of female slaves. The Bible recounts that the Israelites asked for silver and gold jewelry as they exited Egypt, and the Egyptians gave them what they requested. More information on this and the other artifacts on the list can be found in the book Patterns of Evidence: The Exodus.
- The Merneptah Stele – also known as the Israel Stele or the Victory Stele of Merneptah – is an inscription by the ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Merneptah (reign: 1213–1203 BCE) discovered by Flinders Petrie in 1896 at Thebes, and now housed in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.[1][2] The stele is sometimes referred to as the "Israel Stela" because a majority of scholars translate a set of hieroglyphs in line 27 as “Israel" Describing his defeat of Israel in the land of Canaan. meaning, they had to have already been established in the land. Discovered in 1896 by pioneering Egyptologist Flinders Petrie, the Merneptah Stele (also pictured at the top of the article) has long been the most famous artifact related to biblical history in the era of the exodus. Conventionally dated to 1208 BC, it was erected in the 5th year of Pharaoh Merneptah who was the son of Ramesses II. The monument pronounces military victories over a series of enemies including the people of Israel living to the north of Egypt. For more than a century, this was the oldest known inscription mentioning Israel. It shows that the Israelites were already in Canaan at this point, at least 40 years after leaving Egypt according to biblical chronology. Scholars holding to a Ramesses exodus see this as evidence of an Egyptian attack shortly after the Israelites arrived in Canaan. However, there is no record in the Bible of conflict with Egypt during the successful conquest of Canaan. Additionally, the fact that the stele depicts Israel as an established power in the land suggests that this was actually long after the time of the exodus and conquest.
- Jericho