HYPOTHYRODISM

2. It is a disorder of endocrine
system in which thyroid gland fails
to produce enough amount of
thyroid hormone.

3. 1. Less iodine intake in diet.
2. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (it is an autoimmune
disorder which causes destruction of thyroid gland).
3. If previously patient is given treatment with
radioactive iodine.
4. If the hypothalamus or anterior pituitary gland gets
injured then it also leads to decrease in secretion of
these hormones.
5. If thyroid gland is injured will also cause hypo-
functioning of gland affecting the release
6. Lack of functioning of thyroid gland at birth.
7. Previous thyroid injury.

4. 1. Primary hypothyroidism-It occurs due to iodine
deficiency, autoimmune thyroiditis, radioiodine
treatment, medicines like lithium, amiodarone, tyrosine
kinase inhibitors.
2. Central hypothyroidism-The causes behind development
of this type of disease are pituitary adenoma (tumour),
surgery or radiation therapy affecting pituitary gland,
autoimmune diseases, inherited congenital disorders
which affect pituitary functions.
3. Congenital hypothyroidism-Thyroid dysgenesis, thyroid
dyshormonogenesis (genetic defect in thyroid hormone
synthesis), mutations, maternal iodine deficiency, antiTSH
receptor antibodies formation, neonatal pituitary
dysfunctioning.

5. Signs and symptoms-Fatigue, weight gain
with poor appetite, cold feeling, poor
memory and concentration ability,
constipation, dyspepsia, shortness of breath,
heavy menstruation in females, dry coarse
skin, hair loss, myxedema.

6. 1. Goiter-Constant stimulation of thyroid to
release more hormones may cause the gland to
become larger, a condition known as a goiter.
2. Cardiovascular system-Hypothyroidism may
also be associated with an increased risk of heart
disease and heart failure, primarily because high
levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) can occur
in people with an underactive thyroid.
3. Depression-Depression may occur early in
hypothyroidism and may become more severe
over time.Peripheral neuropathy

7. 4. Peripheral neuropathy-Chronic hypothyroidism can cause
damage to peripheral nerves. Peripheral neuropathy may cause
pain, numbness and tingling in affected areas.
5. Myxedema-This rare, life-threatening condition is the result of
long-term, undiagnosed hypothyroidism. Its signs and symptoms
include intense cold intolerance and drowsiness followed by
profound lethargy and unconsciousness.
6. Infertility-Low levels of thyroid hormone can interfere with
ovulation, which impairs fertility. In addition, some of the causes
of hypothyroidism (autoimmune disorder) can also impair fertility.
7. Birth defects-Babies born to women with untreated thyroid
disease may have a higher risk of birth defects. These children are
also more prone to serious intellectual and physical
developmental problems.